Yini i-Mammogram? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-mammogram ukuhlolwa ngemisebe ye-X yamabele akho okusiza odokotela ukuthi bathole umdlavuza wamabele nezinye izimo zamabele kusenesikhathi. Lolu hlobo olukhethekile lokuhlola ngemifanekiso lungabona izinguquko ezitholakala ezicutshini zamabele ezingase zingabonakali ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba, okwenza kube ngelinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu okugcina impilo yamabele.

Cabanga nge-mammogram njengokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwamabele akho. Njengoba nje ungase uhlole imoto yakho njalo ukuze ubambe izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi, ama-mammogram asiza ukubamba izinguquko zamabele lapho ziphathwa kalula.

Yini i-mammogram?

I-mammogram isebenzisa imisebe ye-X enezinga eliphansi ukuze idale izithombe ezinemininingwane ngaphakathi kwamabele akho. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uchwepheshe ubeka ibele lakho phakathi kwamapuleti amabili epulasitiki acindezela izicubu ukuze zizithwele ngokulinganayo.

Lokhu kucindezela kungase kuzizwe kungakhululekile okwesikhashana, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthola izithombe ezicacile zazo zonke izicubu zamabele. Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-20, nakuba ukucindezela kwangempela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela esithombeni ngasinye.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-mammogram ongahlangana nazo. I-screening mammogram ihlola umdlavuza wamabele kwabesifazane abangenazo izimpawu, kuyilapho i-diagnostic mammogram iphenya izinkinga ezithile ezinjengamahlule noma ubuhlungu bamabele.

Kungani kwenziwa i-mammogram?

Ama-mammogram enziwa ikakhulukazi ukuze ahlolisise umdlavuza wamabele ngaphambi kokuba wena noma udokotela wakho nizwe noma yimaphi amahlule. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi ngama-mammography kungathola imidlavuza lapho imincane futhi ingakaze isabalale kuma-lymph nodes.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome i-mammogram uma uqaphela izinguquko emabeleni akho. Lezi zinguquko zingabandakanya amahlule, ubuhlungu bamabele, ukukhishwa kwenciphisa, noma izinguquko zesikhumba njengokugqama noma ukuziba.

Inhlangano eningi yezokwelapha incoma ukuthi abesifazane baqale ukuhlolwa njalo kwe-mammogram phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nama-50, kuye ngobungozi babo. Abesifazane abanezici eziphezulu zobungozi, njengomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamabele noma izinguquko zofuzo njenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, bangase badinge ukuqala ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yini inqubo ye-mammogram?

Inqubo ye-mammogram iqondile futhi ivame ukwenzeka esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuthwebula izithombe. Uzocelwa ukuthi ukhumule kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu futhi ugqoke ingubo yesibhedlela evuleka ngaphambili.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho kwe-mammogram:

1. Uchwepheshe uzokubeka umile phambi komshini we-mammography
2. Ibele lakho lizobekwa epuletini lepulastiki elisobala
3. Elinye ipuleti lehlele phansi lisuka phezulu futhi licindezele ibele lakho ukuze lisabalalise izicubu
4. Uzocelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya wakho imizuzwana embalwa ngenkathi kuthathwa i-X-ray
5. Inqubo iphindwa ngama-engeli ahlukene, ngokuvamile ukubukwa okubili ebeleni ngalinye
6. Yonke inqubo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu eyi-10-15

Ukucindezela kungaba ngendlela engakhululeki, kodwa kumfushane futhi kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale izithombe ezicacile. Abanye besifazane bakuthola kuwusizo ukuhlela i-mammogram yabo ngesonto elilandelayo emva kokuya esikhathini lapho amabele engathambile kakhulu.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-mammogram yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-mammogram yakho kulula futhi kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni izithombe ezingcono kakhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukusebenzisa i-deodorant, i-antiperspirant, impushana, noma i-lotion emabeleni akho noma emakhwapheni ngosuku lokuhlolwa kwakho.

Le mikhiqizo ingavela njengamabala amhlophe ezithombeni ze-mammogram, ezingase zithathwe njengezinto ezingavamile. Uma ukhohlwa futhi usebenzisa le mikhiqizo, ungakhathazeki - isikhungo sizoba namawipes atholakalayo ukuze zihlanjululwe.

Cabangela lawa macebiso engeziwe okulungiselela ukwenza okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kube lula:

• Gqoka ingubo enezingxenye ezimbili ukuze udinga kuphela ukukhumula okungaphezulu kwakho
• Hlela i-mammogram yakho ngesonto elilandelayo ngemva kokuya esikhathini lapho amabele engekho ngendlela yokuzwela
• Gwema i-caffeine ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, njengoba kungenza ukuzwela kwamabele kube kubi kakhulu
• Letha uhlu lwayo yonke imithi oyithathayo
• Tshela uchwepheshe uma unezithako zamabele noma uhlinzwe amabele

Uma ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe, yazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlela i-mammogram yakho. Ngenkathi ama-mammogram ngokuvamile ephephile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulinda noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-mammogram?

Imiphumela ye-Mammogram ngokuvamile ibikwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo olubizwa nge-BI-RADS, okusho ukuthi i-Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Lolu hlelo olujwayelekile lusiza odokotela ukuthi baxhumane ngokusobala futhi banqume ukuthi yikuphi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo ongase ukudinge.

Imiphumela yakho izohlukaniswa esikalini esisuka ku-0 kuya ku-6, ngenombolo ngayinye ekhombisa okuthile okutholakele:

1. I-BI-RADS 0: Ukuthwebula izithombe okwengeziwe kuyadingeka - lokhu akusho ukuthi kukhona okungalungile, kusho nje ukuthi kudingeka ezinye izithombe
2. I-BI-RADS 1: I-mammogram ejwayelekile - azikho izimpawu zomdlavuza noma ezinye izinto ezitholakele ezibalulekile
3. I-BI-RADS 2: Okutholakele okungenabungozi - izinguquko ezingezona ezomdlavuza ezingadingi ukulandelelwa
4. I-BI-RADS 3: Cishe akuyona ingozi - ithuba elincane lomdlavuza, ukulandelelwa kwesikhathi esifushane kunconywa
5. I-BI-RADS 4: Ukungajwayelekile okusolisayo - i-biopsy kufanele icatshangelwe
6. I-BI-RADS 5: Ikhomba kakhulu umdlavuza - i-biopsy inconywa ngokuqinile
7. I-BI-RADS 6: Umdlavuza owaziwayo - isetshenziselwa ama-mammogram enziwa ngemva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza

Iningi lemiphumela ye-mammogram liwela ezigabeni 1 noma 2, okusho ukuthi okutholakele okujwayelekile noma okungenabungozi. Uma imiphumela yakho ikhombisa isigaba 3 noma ngaphezulu, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo, ezingase zihlanganise ukuthwebula izithombe ezengeziwe noma i-biopsy.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zemiphumela engajwayelekile ye-mammogram?

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba okuthi izinguquko zivele ku-mammogram yakho, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinguquko eziningi zamabele azinayo umdlavuza. Ukuqonda lezi zinto eziyingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yamabele akho.

Ubudala buyisici esiyingozi esibaluleke kakhulu somdlavuza wamabele kanye nokutholakala okungavamile kwe-mammogram. Njengoba ukhula, ingozi yakho iyanda, ngomdlavuza wamabele omningi owenzeka kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50.

Nazi izinto eziyingozi eziyinhloko ezingase zithinte imiphumela ye-mammogram yakho:

• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamabele noma we-ovari, ikakhulukazi ezihlotsheni eziseduze
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza wamabele noma izimo ezithile zamabele ezingelona i-cancer
• Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo njenge-BRCA1, BRCA2, noma ezinye izifo eziyingozi eziwela ngofuzo
• Izicubu zamabele eziqinile, ezingenza ama-mammogram abe nzima ukuwafunda
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yesifuba yangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi esemncane
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokushintsha ama-hormone isikhathi eside
• Ukungabi nabantwana noma ukuba nomntwana wakho wokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-30
• Ukuqala ukuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12) noma ukuya esikhathini sekugcina sekwephuze (ngemva kweminyaka engu-55)

Ukuba nesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esiyingozi akusho ukuthi uzothuthukisa umdlavuza wamabele. Abesifazane abaningi abanezici eziyingozi abalokothi bathuthukise lesi sifo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici eziyingozi ezaziwayo bayathuthukisa.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zama-mammogram?

Ama-mammogram ngokuvamile ayizinqubo eziphephile kakhulu ezinobungozi obuncane. Ukuvezwa emisebeni evela ku-mammogram kuphansi kakhulu - cishe inani elifanayo ongathola emisebeni yangemuva emasontweni ayisikhombisa empilweni yansuku zonke ejwayelekile.

“Inkinga” evame kakhulu ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sesigaba sokucindezela sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungakhululeki okwesikhashana futhi kuyadingeka ukuze kutholwe izithombe ezicacile zezicubu zamabele akho.

Nawa ama-complications angavamile kanye nezinto okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ukuqaqamba kwesikhashana kwamabele noma ukulimala ngenxa yokucindezela
• Imiphumela engamanga engase ibangele ukukhathazeka futhi iholele ezivivinyweni ezilandelayo ezingadingekile
• Imiphumela engamanga engase iphuthelwe eminye iminyango yomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe, nakuba ingozi incane kakhulu
• Ukubizelwa ukuthwebula izithombe ezengeziwe, okwenzeka cishe kuma-10% wama-mammogram okuhlola

Izinzuzo ze-mammography zinkulu kakhulu kuneziyingozi ezincane kwabesifazane abaningi. Uma unezinkathazo nganoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-mammography, xoxa ngazo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nemiphumela ye-mammogram?

Imiphumela yakho ye-mammogram izothunyelwa kudokotela wakho, ozoxhumana nawe ngemiphumela. Izikhungo eziningi zidingeka ukuthi zikuthumele isifinyezo semiphumela yakho kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30, nakuba eziningi zinikeza imiphumela ngokushesha.

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho uma ungezwa ngemiphumela yakho kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngemuva kwe-mammogram yakho. Ungacabangi ukuthi azikho izindaba ezinhle - kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izivivinyo zezokwelapha.

Nazi izimo ezithile lapho kufanele ufinyelele kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo:

• Awutholanga imiphumela yakho kungakapheli amasonto amabili
• Unemibuzo ngemiphumela yakho engazange ichazwe kahle
• Imiphumela yakho ikhombisa ukuthi udinga izithombe ezengeziwe noma ukulandela
• Uqaphela izinguquko ezintsha zamabele ngemuva kwe-mammogram yakho
• Kufanele ube ne-mammogram yakho elandelayo

Khumbula ukuthi ukubizelwa ukuthwebula izithombe ezengeziwe kuvamile futhi akusho ngempela ukuthi unomdlavuza. Udokotela wakho ulapho ukukuqondisa kulo lonke le nqubo futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nama-mammogram

Q1: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamabele?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa nge-mammogram kuphumelela kakhulu ekutholeni umdlavuza webele ngesikhathi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa njalo nge-mammogram kunganciphisa ukufa komdlavuza webele ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-20-40% kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40.

Ama-Mammogram angathola umdlavuza webele cishe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuthi uzizwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kutholwa ngesikhathi kuvame ukusho ukuthi amathumba amancane angakaze asakazekele kuma-lymph nodes, okuholela emiphumeleni engcono yokwelashwa kanye namazinga okuphila.

Umbuzo 2: Ingabe izicubu zebele ezinzima ziyawathinta imiphumela ye-mammogram?

Yebo, izicubu zebele ezinzima zingenza ama-mammogram abe yinselele ukufundwa ngokuqondile. Izicubu ezinzima zibonakala zimhlophe kuma-mammogram, ngendlela efana nokuthi amathumba abonakala kanjani, okungase ngezinye izikhathi kufihle umdlavuza noma kudale ama-alamu amanga.

Uma unebele elinzima, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokuhlolwa njenge-ultrasound yebele noma i-MRI kanye nama-mammogram akho avamile. Cishe ama-40% abantu besifazane banama-tissue ebele ezinzima, ngakho awuwedwa uma lokhu kusebenza kuwe.

Umbuzo 3: Kufanele ngithole i-mammogram kaningi kangakanani?

Abantu besifazane abaningi kufanele baqale ukuthola ama-mammogram minyaka yonke phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-50, kuye ngobungozi babo kanye nezincomo zikadokotela wabo. Abantu besifazane abasengozini enkulu kungenzeka badinga ukuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi babe nokuhlolwa okuvamile.

Isikhathi esiqondile singahluka ngokuya ngesimo sakho somuntu ngamunye, umlando womndeni, kanye nezici eziyingozi zomuntu siqu. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokuhlolwa sezimo zakho ezithile.

Umbuzo 4: Ngingathola i-mammogram uma nginezithako zebele?

Yebo, ungafanele futhi kufanele usathole ama-mammogram uma unezithako zebele. Kodwa-ke, inqubo idinga amasu akhethekile futhi ingathatha isikhathi eside kune-mammogram ejwayelekile.

Uchwepheshe uzodinga ukuthatha izithombe ezengeziwe ukuze abone ngemuva nangemuva kwezithako. Qiniseka ukwazisa indawo lapho uhlela khona i-aphoyintimenti yakho ukuthi unezithako, ukuze bakwazi ukuhlela ngokufanele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi uchwepheshe unolwazi ngokuskena izithako.

Q5: Kwenzekani uma i-mammogram yami ikhombisa okungajwayelekile?

Uma i-mammogram yakho ikhombisa okungajwayelekile, akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unomdlavuza. Okuningi okungajwayelekile kuvame ukuba yizinguquko ezingenasici (ezingezona ezinomdlavuza) njengama-cyst, ama-fibroadenomas, noma izicubu ezinamanxeba.

Udkt wakho cishe uzoncoma ezinye izivivinyo ezengeziwe njenge-diagnostic mammography, i-breast ultrasound, noma mhlawumbe i-biopsy ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe. Iningi labesifazane ababizelwa emuva ukuze benze ezinye izivivinyo abanawo umdlavuza, ngakho zama ukungabi nokwethuka ngenkathi ulinde ulwazi olwengeziwe.