Yini i-Mastectomy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Ukululama

I-mastectomy iyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho ingxenye noma yonke inyama yakho yamabele isuswa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame kakhulu ukwenziwa ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela umdlavuza wamabele, nakuba kungenziwa futhi kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta inyama yamabele.

Isinqumo sokuba ne-mastectomy singazizwa sicindezela, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi yini inqubo ebandakanya kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke futhi uqiniseke ngokunakekelwa kwakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza eduze nawe ukunquma indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Yini i-mastectomy?

I-Mastectomy ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwenama yamabele ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela umdlavuza. Le nqubo ingahluka ekususeni umdlavuza kuphela kanye nezicubu ezizungezile ukuya ekususeni lonke ibele, kuye ngezidingo zakho zezokwelapha ezithile.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinqubo ze-mastectomy. I-lumpectomy isusa umdlavuza kuphela kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezizungezile. I-mastectomy engxenyeni isusa umdlavuza kanye nengxenye enkulu yezicubu zamabele. I-mastectomy elula noma ephelele isusa lonke ibele kodwa ishiya imisipha yesifuba ingathintekile.

I-mastectomy eguquliwe eyingxenye isusa lonke ibele kanye nama-lymph nodes ngaphansi kwengalo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-mastectomy eqinile ingase idingeke, esusa ibele, imisipha yesifuba, nama-lymph nodes. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzoncoma uhlobo olulungela kangcono isimo sakho esithile ngenkathi kugcinwa izicubu ezinempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungani i-mastectomy yenziwa?

I-Mastectomy yenziwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha umdlavuza wamabele noma ukunciphisa ingozi yokuwuthuthukisa. Udokotela wakho angase ancome lokhu kuhlinzwa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaneleki noma lapho unengozi enkulu yofuzo yomdlavuza wamabele.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuhlinzwa kwebele ukususa izicubu ezinomdlavuza ezingelashwa ngokwanele ngokuhlinzwa okuncane. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umdlavuza mkhulu uma uqhathaniswa nosayizi webele lakho, uma kunemivumbo eminingi, noma uma umdlavuza usabalale ezicutshini eziseduze.

Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuhlinzwa kwebele kokuvimbela uma benama-genetic mutations afana ne-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza. Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingadinga ukuhlinzwa kwebele zihlanganisa izifo ezinzima ezingaphenduli emithini elwa namagciwane noma ukukhula okukhulu okungewona umdlavuza okubangela izimpawu ezibalulekile.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho ngasinye, licabangela izinto ezinjengemvelo yomdlavuza, impilo yakho yonke, nezintandokazi zakho siqu lapho lincoma izinketho zokwelapha.

Yini inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwebele?

Inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwebele ngokuvamile ithatha amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu futhi yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza ukusikeka ebeleni lakho futhi asuse ngokucophelela inani lezicubu ezihleliwe.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuqale, uzohlangana nethimba lakho le-anesthesia nabasebenzi bokuhlinzwa. Bazobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo yomzuzu wokugcina. Umugqa we-IV uzobekwa ukuze unikeze imithi noketshezi ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ulandela indlela ehlelwe ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile. Bazosusa izicubu zebele ezikhethiwe ngenkathi begcina izakhiwo ezibalulekile njengemithambo yegazi nemizwa uma kungenzeka. Uma ama-lymph nodes edinga ukususwa, lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokusikeka okufanayo noma ukusikeka okuncane okuhlukile ngaphansi kwengalo yakho.

Ngemva kokususa izicubu, udokotela ohlinzayo uzobeka amashubhu okukhipha amanzi ukuvimbela ukwakheka koketshezi futhi avale ukusikeka ngama-sutures noma izitaphu zokuhlinzwa. Izicubu ezisusiwe zithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe ngokuningiliziwe, okusiza ukuqondisa noma yiziphi izinqumo zokwelapha ezengeziwe.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-mastectomy yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-mastectomy kuhilela ukulungiselela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile, kodwa ukulungiselela okujwayelekile kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ulwazi olungenzeka luhamba kahle.

Emasontweni ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, cishe uzoba nokuqokwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa nezivivinyo. Lokhu kungabandakanya umsebenzi wegazi, izifundo zokucabanga, kanye nemihlangano namalungu ahlukene eqembu lakho lokunakekela. Uzothola imiyalelo enemininingwane mayelana nokudla, ukuphuza, kanye nemithi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Ukulungiselela ngokomzimba kufaka phakathi ukuhlela usizo ekhaya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Uzodinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokupheka, ukuhlanza, nokuphakamisa noma yini esindayo kunamaphawundi ambalwa. Ukusetha indawo yokululama enethezekile enokufinyelela okulula ezintweni ezidingekayo kungenza ukuphulukiswa kwakho kube lula.

Ukulungiselela ngokomzwelo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukukhuluma nabeluleki, amaqembu okusekela, noma abanye abaye baba namava afanayo. Unganqikazi ukubuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nezinsiza zokusekela ngokomzwelo kuyo yonke le nqubo.

Isebenza kanjani ukululama kwe-mastectomy?

Ukwelulama ku-mastectomy ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kuye ngobukhulu bokuhlinzwa kwakho kanye nenqubo yakho yokuphulukisa ngayinye. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa ngcono kakhulu emasontweni amabili okuqala.

Ngemuva nje kokuhlinzwa, uzochitha isikhathi endaweni yokululama lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha beqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile kanye namazinga obuhlungu. Ungahlala esibhedlela izinsuku ezilodwa kuya kwezintathu, kuye ngohlobo lwenqubo yakho nokuthi uzizwa kanjani.

Ngesonto lokuqala usekhaya, ukuphumula ngumsebenzi wakho oyinhloko. Uzoba namashubhu okukhipha amanzi aqoqa uketshezi oluvela endaweni yokuhlinzwa, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokufundisa ukuthi unganakekela kanjani lawa. Imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu isiza ukuphatha ukungakhululeki, futhi ukunyakaza kwengalo okumnene kuvimbela ukuqina.

Emavikini alandelayo, uzoqhubeka nokwandisa izinga lakho lomsebenzi. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini wasehhovisi phakathi kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu, nakuba imisebenzi yomzimba ingase idinge isikhathi esiningi. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwazisa uma kuphephile ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi ejwayelekile efana nokushayela, ukuzivocavoca, nokuphakamisa.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-mastectomy?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba okuthi ungase udinge i-mastectomy. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa nokuvimbela.

Izici eziyingozi eziqinile kakhulu yizinguquko zofuzo, ikakhulukazi izakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2, ezikhuphula kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wamabele. Umlando womndeni oqinile womdlavuza wamabele noma wama-ovari, ikakhulukazi ezihlotsheni eziseduze ezitholwe eneminyaka emincane, nawo uyakhuphula ingozi yakho.

Umdlavuza wamabele wangaphambilini noma izimo ezithile zamabele ezingezona ezinomdlavuza zingakhuphula amathuba okudinga ukuhlinzwa esikhathini esizayo. Iminyaka ingenye into, njengoba ingozi yomdlavuza wamabele ivamise ukukhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nakuba ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Izici zokuphila ezingase zithinte ingozi zihlanganisa ukuchayeka kumahomoni ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kokuzalwa noma ukwelashwa ngamahomoni, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Nokho, ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothuthukisa umdlavuza noma udinge ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokunakekelwa kokuvimbela kuhlala kuyizindlela zakho ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola nokwelapha kusenesikhathi.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-mastectomy?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, i-mastectomy inezingozi ezithile, nakuba izinkinga ezinzima zingavamile. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa lezi zingozi futhi lizoxoxa ngazo ngokucophelela nawe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga ezivamile zesikhashana zihlanganisa ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokulimala endaweni yokuhlinzwa. Abanye abantu bazwa ukuba ndikindiki okwesikhashana noma ukuluma esifubeni, engalweni, noma endaweni yamahlombe njengoba imizwa iphola. Ukutheleleka endaweni yokusika kungenzeka kodwa kuvame ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zingabandakanya ukopha ngokweqile, amahlule egazi, noma izinkinga zokuphola kwesilonda. Uma ama-lymph nodes esusiwe, kunengozi yokuthuthukisa i-lymphedema, ebangela ukuvuvukala engalweni noma esandleni ngenxa yokwakheka koketshezi.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kakhulu zihlanganisa ukulimala kwezakhiwo eziseduze njengemithambo yegazi noma imizwa, ukusabela okukhulu komzimba emuthini wokubulala izinzwa, noma izinkinga ezihlobene nezimo zempilo ezingaphansi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha ngokucophelela ukuze libambe futhi libhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nezinkinga ze-mastectomy?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga ezingathi sína ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nganoma yiziphi izinkathazo ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uba nomkhuhlane, ukubomvu okwandayo noma ukufudumala endaweni yokusika, ukukhipha okuba mnyama, okuphuzi, noma okunuka kabi, noma uma ubuhlungu bakho buba bubi ngokuzumayo naphezu kwemithi. Lokhu kungabonisa ukutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala ngokweqile engalweni yakho noma esandleni, isicanucanu esibi noma ukuhlanza okukuvimbela ukuthi ungagcini uketshezi, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma izimpawu zama-clots egazi njengokuvuvukala komlenze noma ubuhlungu.

Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kokulandela, gcina zonke izikhathi eziqokiwe ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvumela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi liqaphe ukuphola kwakho, lisuse amashubhu okukhipha amanzi uma kufanelekile, futhi lixoxe nganoma yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ongase uzidinge.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-mastectomy

Q.1 Ingabe i-mastectomy iyona kuphela inketho yokwelapha umdlavuza wamabele?

Cha, i-mastectomy akusona ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphela kwenketho yokwelapha umdlavuza wamabele. Abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamabele wesigaba sokuqala bangelashwa ngempumelelo nge-lumpectomy (ukususa nje umdlavuza) kulandelwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Indlela engcono yokwelapha incike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi womdlavuza, indawo, usayizi webele lakho, kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Ithimba lakho le-oncology lizoxoxa ngazo zonke izinketho ezifanele nawe, okuhlanganisa okuhle nokubi kwendlela ngayinye ngesimo sakho esithile.

Q.2 Ngingakwazi yini ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwebele?

Yebo, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele kuyindlela yokukhetha kubantu abaningi abahlinzwa amabele. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kwakho amabele noma kulibaziseke kuze kube kamuva, kuye ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa nezintandokazi zakho.

Ziningi izindlela zokwakha kabusha ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa ukufakelwa noma ukusebenzisa izicubu ezivela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngezinketho ezingase zikusebenzele kangcono ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni komzimba wakho, uhlelo lokwelashwa, kanye nemigomo yakho siqu.

Q.3 Ngizodinga isikhathi esingakanani ngingasebenzi ngemva kokuhlinzwa amabele?

Abantu abaningi badinga amasonto amabili kuya kwayisithupha bengasebenzi ngemva kokuhlinzwa amabele, kuye ngezidingo zomsebenzi wabo nentuthuko yokuphola. Imisebenzi yasehhovisi ngokuvamile ivumela ukubuyela ngokushesha kunomsebenzi odinga amandla omzimba.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzohlinzeka ngesiqondiso esithile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho lwenqubo nentuthuko yokululama. Abantu abaningi bangasebenza ekhaya isikhashana ngaphambi kokubuyela esimisweni sabo esivamile, okungasiza ukwenza lula ukuguquka emuva emisebenzini ejwayelekile.

Q.4 Ngizolahlekelwa yini imizwa endaweni yesifuba sami unomphela?

Ukuqaqamba okuthile endaweni yesifuba ngemva kokuhlinzwa amabele kuvamile futhi kulindelekile. Ngenkathi eminye imizwa ingase ibuye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba izinzwa ziphola, abantu abaningi banokushintsha unomphela emizweni endaweni yokuhlinzwa.

Ubukhulu bezinguquko zemizwa buyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lokuhlinzwa kanye nenqubo yakho yokuphola. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingahlinzeka ngamasu okukusiza ukuthi ujwayele lezi zinguquko.

Q.5 Ingabe ukuhlinzwa amabele kungavimbela wonke umdlavuza webele wesikhathi esizayo?

I-Mastectomy inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wamabele kodwa ayiwuqedi ngokuphelele. Ngisho nangemva kokususa iningi lezicubu zamabele, amanani amancane angase asele, futhi umdlavuza ungaqala ngokwemvelo kulezi zicubu ezisele.

Kubantu abanezinguquko zofuzo njenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, i-mastectomy yokuvimbela inganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamabele ngamaphesenti angama-90-95%. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokulandela izindlela zokwelashwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza njengoba kunconywe ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.