Yini Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo Okuncane? Inhloso, Izinqubo & Nemiphumela

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane kuyindlela yesimanje evumela odokotela ukuthi bahlinze inhliziyo yakho ngokusebenzisa ukusikeka okuncane esikhundleni sokuvula isifuba sakho sonke. Le ndlela isebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile namakhamera ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa kwenhliziyo okufanayo njengokuhlinzwa kwendabuko, kodwa ngokuphansi kokulimala emzimbeni wakho.

Kucabange njengokuhlinzwa ngembobo yezinkinobho ngenhliziyo yakho. Esikhundleni sokwenza ukusikeka okukhulu phakathi nesifuba sakho, odokotela bahlinza izindawo eziningana ezincane phakathi kwamabhantshi akho. Le ndlela enobumnene ingaholela ekupholiseni okusheshayo, ubuhlungu obuncane, nezinsuku ezimfushane esibhedlela ngenkathi kuzuzwa imiphumela emihle efanayo.

Yini ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane kuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana ezilungisa izinkinga zenhliziyo ngokusebenzisa ukusikeka okuncane, okuvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-2-4 ubude. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo usebenzisa amakhamera amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-endoscope namathuluzi akhethekile ukuze abone futhi asebenze ngaphakathi esifubeni sakho ngaphandle kokusivula ngokugcwele.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa okusizwa ngamarobhothi, lapho udokotela ohlinzayo elawula izingalo zamarobhothi ngokunemba okukhulu, nokuhlinzwa kwe-thoracoscopic, okusebenzisa ikhamera encane efakwe ngamabhantshi. Zombili lezi zindlela zivumela odokotela ukuthi benze ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi begcina okuningi kwesakhiwo sakho semvelo sesifuba.

Lezi zinqubo zingabhekana nezimo eziningi zenhliziyo ezihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwamavalvu, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, kanye nokukhubazeka okuthile kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho. Umehluko omkhulu ubukhulu bokuhlinzwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obenza umsebenzi onembile ukuthi ube nokwenzeka ngalezi zindawo ezincane.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Odokotela batusa ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane uma udinga ukulungiswa kwenhliziyo kodwa ufuna ukunciphisa umthelela ongokomzimba emzimbeni wakho. Kulunge kakhulu kubantu abangabazali abafanelekayo bezindlela ezingahlaseli kakhulu futhi abafuna izikhathi zokululama ezisheshayo.

Le ndlela isebenza kahle ezimweni ezithile zenhliziyo. Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko udokotela wakho angase aziphakamise:

• Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve ye-mitral
• Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve ye-aortic
• Ukuvalwa kwe-atrial septal defect (umgodi odongeni lwenhliziyo)
• Ukuhlinzwa okukodwa noma okuphindwe kabili
• Ukususwa kwamathumba enhliziyo
• Ukulungiswa kweziphambeko ezithile zokuzalwa zenhliziyo

Udkt wakho ohlinzayo uzohlola ukuthi isimo sakho esithile nempilo yakho yonke kukwenza yini ukuba ube ngumuntu ofanelekayo. Izinto ezinjengendawo yenkinga, ukwakheka kwenhliziyo yakho, nokuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini konke kunendima ekuthathweni kwalesi sinqumo.

Yini inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Inqubo iqala ngokuthi uthole i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke uzobe ulele ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizokubeka ngokucophelela futhi lilungiselele izindawo ezincane zokuhlinza esifubeni sakho.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa:

1. Udkt wakho ohlinzayo wenza ukusikwa okuncane okungu-2-4 phakathi kwamabhantshi akho
2. Ikhamera encane ifakwa ukuze inikeze ukubonakala okucacile
3. Amathuluzi akhethekile aqondiswa ngokusikwa okungeminye
4. Inhliziyo yakho ingase imiswe okwesikhashana kusetshenziswa umshini wenhliziyo namaphaphu
5. Umsebenzi wokulungisa wenziwa ngokunyakaza okunembile
6. Wonke amathuluzi asusiwe futhi ukusikwa kuvaliwe

Le nqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-2-4, kuye ngobunzima bokulungisa kwakho. Kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlinzwa, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho nezimpawu ezibalulekile ziqashwa ngokuqhubekayo yithimba lokuhlinza.

Kwezinye izimo, odkt abahlinzayo bangase badinge ukuguqukela ekuhlinzweni okuvulekile kwendabuko uma behlangabezana nezinkinga ezingalindelekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha kwakho kuhlala kuyinto eza kuqala.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izidingo futhi liphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.

Udkt wakho cishe uzokucela ukuthi wenze lezi zilungiselelo emasontweni ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa:

• Yeka ukubhema okungenani amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Gwema imithi ethile efana ne-blood thinners njengoba uqondiswe
• Qedela zonke izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa nokuqokwa
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kokukhishwa
• Lungiselela ikhaya lakho ukululama ngezinto ezifinyeleleka kalula
• Zila ukudla amahora angu-8-12 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa njengoba uqondiswe

Uzohlangana futhi nodokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist ukuze nixoxe ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo mayelana ne-anesthesia. Le ngxoxo isiza ukuqinisekisa ukunethezeka kwakho nokuphepha ngesikhathi senqubo.

Njengoba ngishilo lokho, unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa lifuna ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka futhi ulungiselelwe leli nyathelo elibalulekile ohambweni lwakho lwezempilo yenhliziyo.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Imiphumela yakho yokuhlinzwa izoxoxwa nawe ngudokotela ohlinzayo ngokushesha ngemva kwenqubo. Impumelelo esheshayo ngokuvamile ilinganiswa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kuqediwe kahle kangakanani nokuthi inhliziyo yakho isabela kanjani ekungeneleni.

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa lizogada izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile ukuze lihlole inqubekela phambili yakho:

• Isigqi senhliziyo nomsebenzi kagesi
• Umfutho wegazi nokujikeleza
• Amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lakho
• Ukusebenza kahle kwamavalvu noma imikhumbi elungisiwe
• Ukungabi khona kokopha noma ukunqwabelana koketshezi
• Amandla okushaya enhliziyo ewonke

Ukuqokwa okulandelayo kuzohlanganisa izivivinyo zokucabanga njenge-echocardiograms ukuze kubonwe ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani. Lezi zivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kuyasebenza yini nokuthi umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho uyathuthuka njengoba kulindelekile.

Impumelelo yesikhathi eside ilinganiswa ngokuya ngcono kwezimpawu zakho, ikhono lakho lokubuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile, kanye nenhliziyo yakho eqhubeka nokusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekhwalithi yempilo yabo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukululama kwakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane okungahlaseli?

Ukwelulama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane okungahlaseli ngokuvamile kushesha kune-surgery yendabuko evulekile, kodwa umzimba wakho usadinga isikhathi sokuphola kahle. Ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela kuzokusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha nangokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uhlelo lwakho lokululama cishe luzohlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:

• Thatha imithi ebekiwe ngqo njengoba uqondisiwe
• Kancane kancane wandise izinga lomsebenzi wakho njengoba kuvunyelwe
• Hambela zonke izikhathi zokulandela
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo ukuze usekele ukuphola
• Gwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo amasonto angu-6-8
• Gcina izindawo zokusika zihlanzekile futhi zomile
• Hlanganyela ekulungisweni kwenhliziyo uma kunconywe

Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini elula phakathi kwamasonto angu-1-2 futhi baqale kabusha imisebenzi ejwayelekile phakathi kwamasonto angu-4-6. Kodwa-ke, wonke umuntu uphola ngejubane lakhe, ngakho-ke ungaqhathanisi ukululama kwakho nabanye.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile esekelwe kunqubo yakho ngayinye kanye nesimo sempilo. Ukulandela lezi zincomo kukunika ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokululama okubushelelezi, okuphumelelayo.

Uyini umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane okungahlaseli?

Umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane okungahlaseli uhlanganisa ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kwesimo senhliziyo yakho ngezinkinga ezimbalwa nokululama okubushelelezi. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthuthuka okukhulu ezimpawini zabo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yabo yonke.

Imiphumela ekahle ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuxazululwa okuphelele kwenkinga yakho yokuqala yenhliziyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kwakuyinkinga yamavalvu, imithambo evalekile, noma ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo. Inhliziyo yakho kufanele ipompe ngempumelelo enkulu, futhi izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukukhathala kufanele kuthuthuke kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zezindlela ezingahlaseli ngokuvamile zidlulela ngaphezu kokulungiswa kwenhliziyo ngokwayo. Cishe uzothola ubuhlungu obuncane ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukuhlala esibhedlela okufushane, kanye nokubuyela ngokushesha emisebenzini ejwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko.

Impumelelo yesikhathi eside isho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho elungisiwe iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle iminyaka eminingi. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kokulandela ngemuva kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zitholakala ngokushesha futhi zixazululwe ngokushesha.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu?

Ngenkathi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu ngokuvamile kuphephe kune-traditional open surgery, ezinye izici zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga. Ukuqonda lokhu kukusiza wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwakho.

Izici eziningana zingase zikhuphule ingozi yakho yokuhlinzwa, nakuba abantu abaningi bekwazi ukumelana nenqubo kahle kakhulu:

• Ubudala obuthuthukile (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-75)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu noma ukusebenza kwenhliziyo okungahambi kahle
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba kwangaphambilini noma imisebe
• Isifo esibi samaphaphu
• Izinkinga zezinso noma zesibindi
• Isifo sikashukela noma ezinye izimo ezingapheli
• Ukukhuluphala noma ukuba ngaphansi kwesisindo kakhulu

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa lizohlola ngokucophelela lezi zici ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Bazosebenza nawe ukuze uthuthukise impilo yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa futhi banciphise noma yiziphi izici eziyingozi ezilawulekayo.

Noma ngabe unezinye izici eziyingozi, ukuhlinzwa okungahlaseli kakhulu kungase kusengcono kuwe. Odokotela bakho bazohlola izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ukuze bancomise indlela ephephe kakhulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Kungcono yini ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane noma okuvulekile?

Ukukhetha phakathi kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane kanye nokuvulekile kuncike esimweni sakho senhliziyo esithile, impilo yonke, kanye ne-anatomy yomuntu ngamunye. Akukho ngendlela eyodwa engcono - ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu yilokho okuphephe kakhulu futhi okusebenzayo esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuhlinzwa okuncane kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana uma kufaneleka esimweni sakho. Ngokuvamile uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuncane, ukuhlala esibhedlela okufushane, ukululama okusheshayo, nezibazi ezincane. Ingozi yokutheleleka nokopha nayo ivame ukuba phansi.

Nokho, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kuhlala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokulungisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, izimo eziphuthumayo, noma uma i-anatomy yakho yenza izindlela ezincane zibe yingozi kakhulu. Ezinye izinqubo zidinga nje ukufinyelela okugcwele okunikezwa ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile.

Udkt wakho ohlinzayo uzoncoma indlela ekunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lomphumela ophumelelayo. Lesi sinqumo sicabangela izinto ezinjengendawo yenkinga yakho yenhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kwakho kwangaphambilini, nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Izinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni kwenhliziyo okuncane zivamile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase yenzeke ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuxwayisa futhi ufune usizo uma kudingeka. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuvimbela lezi zinkinga.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zingahlukaniswa zibe izinkathazo ezisheshayo nezisikhathi eside:

• Ukuphuma igazi okudinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe
• Ukutheleleka ezindaweni zokuhlinza noma ngaphakathi esifubeni
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ukushaywa unhlangothi noma amahlule egazi
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu noma umkhuhlane wamaphaphu
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso noma isibindi
• Isidingo sokuguqukela ekuhlinzweni okuvulekile ngesikhathi senqubo

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingabandakanya ukulimala kwezitho eziseduze, izinkinga ezingapheli zokushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukulungiswa okungaphelele okudinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza likuqapha eduze ukuze libone noma yiziphi izinkinga zisasekuqaleni.

Izinkinga eziningi, uma zenzeka, ziyelapheka futhi azithinti umphumela wakho wesikhathi eside. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi ekulawuleni lezi zimo futhi lizosebenza ngokushesha ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezincane ukuthi zingabi izinkinga ezinkulu.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuqhubeka bubi noma buhlukile kulokho obukulindele
• Ukuphefumula okuncane okusha noma okuba kubi
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C)
• Ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuphuma emaceleni
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ubuthakathaka obuzumayo noma isiyezi
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza

Ungalindi noma ukhathazeke ngokukhathaza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha - bafuna ukuzwa kuwe uma ukhathazekile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuhlola okuthile okutholakala ukuthi kujwayelekile kunokunganaki inkinga engaba khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, gcina zonke izikhathi zakho ezihleliwe zokulandela ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Lezi zivakashi zivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe ukuphola kwakho futhi abambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe nezimpawu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane kulungile ekushintsheni amavalvu?

Yebo, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane kungaba kuhle ekushintsheni amavalvu athile, ikakhulukazi amavalvu e-mitral ne-aortic. Le ndlela ivumela odokotela ukuthi bashintshe noma balungise amavalvu ngokusebenzisa ukusikeka okuncane ngemiphumela efana nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko.

Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinkinga zamavalvu ezifanele izindlela ezingahlaseli kakhulu. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzohlola izinto ezinjengendawo ye-valve, izinga lokulimala, kanye ne-anatomy yakho yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi le ndlela ikufanele yini.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu kubangela ubuhlungu obuningi kunezokuhlinzwa okuvulekile?

Eqinisweni, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu ngokuvamile kubangela ubuhlungu obuncane kunezokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusikeka kuncane futhi imisipha yesifuba nezimbambo zihlukumezeka kancane, abantu abaningi bazwa ukungakhululeki okuncane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokululama.

Usazoba nobuhlungu ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa ngokuvamile kulawuleka kakhulu futhi kululama ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lokuphatha ubuhlungu lizosebenza nawe ukuze likugcine ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.

Umbuzo 3. Ingabe zonke izimo zenhliziyo zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okungahlaseli kakhulu?

Cha, akuzona zonke izimo zenhliziyo ezingelashwa ngamasu angahlaseli kakhulu. Ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, izinkinga zamavalvu amaningi, noma ukuhlukahluka okuthile kwe-anatomical kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okuphephile futhi okuphumelelayo.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho esithile futhi ancome indlela ekunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphumelela. Ngezinye izikhathi inhlanganisela yezindlela noma izinqubo ezigxunyekwe zingase zidingeke.

Umbuzo 4. Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani imiphumela yokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu?

Imiphumela yokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu ngokuvamile iqina njengaleyo evela ekuhlinzweni okuvulekile kwendabuko. Ukulungiswa kwama-valve nokufakwa kungahlala iminyaka engu-15-20 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ama-graft e-bypass avame ukuhlala esebenza iminyaka eminingi.

Ukuqina kwemiphumela yakho kuncike ezintweni ezinjengobudala bakho, impilo yonke, nokuthi uyilandela kahle kangakanani uhlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kokulandela ngemuva kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwakho kuqhubeka nokusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umbuzo 5. Ngimdala kakhulu yini ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungahlaseli kakhulu?

Ubudala bodwa abukwenzi ungakwazi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuncane. Abantu abaningi abaneminyaka yobudala engama-70 nama-80 baphumelela ngalezi zinqubo. Okubaluleke kakhulu impilo yakho yonke, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, kanye nekhono lokubekezelela ukuhlinzwa.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo ukuze linqume ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo yini kungakhathaliseki iminyaka yakho. Bazobheka izinga lakho lokufaneleka, ezinye izimo zempilo, kanye nemigomo yakho yomuntu siqu lapho benza izincomo.