Kuyini Ukuthwebula Izithombe Zomlomo? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

Ukuthwebula izithombe zomlomo (MBI) kuyiskena esikhethekile somuthi we-nuclear esingathola umdlavuza webele ngokugqamisa izindawo lapho amaseli omdlavuza ekhula ngamandla. Le ndlela yokuthwebula izithombe emnene isebenzisa inani elincane le-tracer enomsakazo ekhangela amaseli omdlavuza, iwenza abonakale kumakhamera akhethekile angabona izinkinga ama-mammogram avamile angase aziphuthele.

Cabanga nge-MBI njengokunikeza udokotela wakho ilensi ehlukile yokubuka ngayo. Ngenkathi ama-mammogram ekhombisa isakhiwo sezicubu zakho zebele, i-MBI ikhombisa umsebenzi owenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Lokhu kuyenza ibe usizo ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zebele eziqinile, lapho imidlava ezinye izikhathi ingazifihla ngemuva kwezicubu ezivamile kuma-mammogram ajwayelekile.

Kuyini ukuthwebula izithombe zomlomo?

Ukuthwebula izithombe zomlomo kuyisivivinyo somuthi we-nuclear esisebenzisa i-tracer enomsakazo ukuthola amaseli omdlavuza webele. I-tracer, ebizwa ngokuthi i-technetium-99m sestamibi, ifakwa engalweni yakho futhi ihamba ngegazi lakho iye ezindaweni lapho amaseli ehlukana ngokushesha, okuvame ukukhombisa umdlavuza.

Uvivinyo lusebenza ngoba amaseli omdlavuza ngokuvamile amunca i-tracer eningi kunezicubu zebele ezivamile. Amakhamera akhethekile e-gamma abese ethwebula izithombe zalokhu kusatshalaliswa kwe-tracer, enza izithombe ezinemininingwane ezikhombisa udokotela wakho ngqo lapho noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo ongase wenzeka khona. Le nqubo ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele futhi ayidingi ukucindezelwa kwezicubu zakho zebele.

I-MBI ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ukuthwebula izithombe ze-gamma eziqondene nebele (BSGI), nakuba ubuchwepheshe nendlela kufana. Zombili lezi zisho zibhekisela kule ndlela emnene, esebenzayo yokuhlola umdlavuza webele ogcwalisa i-mammogram yakho ejwayelekile.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuthwebula izithombe zomlomo?

Udktela wakho angase ancome i-MBI uma unezicubu zamabele eziqinile ezenza ukuthi ama-mammogram abe nzima ukufundeka ngendlela efanele. Izicubu eziqinile zibonakala zimhlophe kuma-mammogram, futhi kanjalo nomdlavuza, okusho ukuthi izimila ezincane ngezinye izikhathi zingase ziphuthelwe kulezi zimo.

I-MBI ibaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abanengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wamabele kodwa abangafaneleki ekuhlolweni kwe-MRI. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise abesifazane abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamabele, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kwamabele okukhombisa izinguquko eziyingozi, noma izici zofuzo ezenyusa ingozi yabo yomdlavuza.

Lolu vivinyo lusetshenziswa futhi lapho odokotela bedinga ukuthola isithombe esicacile sezindawo ezisolisayo ezitholakala kuma-mammogram noma ekuhlolweni komzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi i-MBI ingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi indawo ekhathazayo empeleni ingumdlavuza noma izicubu eziqinile nje, okungenzeka ukuthi ikongela ekuhlolweni okungadingekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MBI ingaba usizo ekuqapheni ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ukuthathwa kwe-tracer kungabonisa ukuthi izimila ziyasabela yini ekhemotherapy noma kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, zinikeze ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nentuthuko yakho.

Yini inqubo yokuthwebula izithombe zamabele ze-molecular?

Inqubo ye-MBI iqala ngokujova okuncane kwe-tracer ye-radioactive emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Lokhu kujova kuzizwa kufana nanoma yikuphi ukudonswa kwegazi okuke kwenzeka, ngokucindezela okusheshayo nje ngentambo. I-tracer ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-5 kuya kwengu-10 ukujikeleza emzimbeni wakho futhi ifinyelele ezicutshini zamabele akho.

Lapho i-tracer isithathe isikhathi sokusabalala, uzobekwa kahle esihlalweni eduze kwekhamera ekhethekile ye-gamma. Ikhamera ibukeka ngandlela-thile njengomshini we-mammography, kodwa yakhelwe ukuba ithuthukise kakhulu ngoba akukho ukucindezela okudingekayo.

Ngesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi ngenkathi ikhamera ithatha izithombe ezivela emazingeni ahlukene. Inqubo yonke yokuthwebula izithombe ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-30 kuya kwengu-40, lapho ukubuka ngakunye kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-8 kuya kwengu-10. Ungaphefumula ngokujwayelekile kuyo yonke inqubo.

Amakhamera azothatha izithombe zamabele womabili, ngisho noma ibele elilodwa kuphela eliphenywayo. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqhathanise izinhlangothi zombili futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okushiywayo. Lonke usuku, kusukela ekujoveni kuya ekuqedeni, ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe ihora elilodwa.

Indlela yokulungiselela ukuthwebula kwakho isithombe sebele le-molecular?

Ukulungiselela i-MBI kuqondile futhi kudinga izinguquko ezimbalwa emsebenzini wakho wansuku zonke. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, futhi akudingeki uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngqo ngudokotela wakho.

Uzofuna ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, eziqhekekile ngoba uzodinga ukukhulula kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu ngenqubo. Ihembe elinamazinyo noma ibhulawuzi lenza ukushintsha kube lula kunokudonsa. Isikhungo sokuthwebula izithombe sizokunikeza ingubo yesibhedlela evuleka ngaphambili.

Kubalulekile ukwazisa ithimba lakho lezempilo uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, njengoba i-tracer enomsakazo ingase ithinte ingane yakho. Uma uncelisa, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphumpe futhi ulahle ubisi lwebele usuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kwenqubo.

Susa noma yimuphi ubucwebe, ikakhulukazi imigexo noma amacici, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngoba insimbi ingaphazamisa ukuthwebula izithombe. Ungase futhi ufune ukugwema ukusebenzisa i-deodorant, impushana, noma i-lotion endaweni yesifuba sakho ngosuku lokuhlolwa, njengoba le mikhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi ingavela ezithombeni.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuthwebula isithombe sebele le-molecular?

Imiphumela yakho ye-MBI izokhombisa ukuthi i-tracer enomsakazo iqongelele yini kunoma yiziphi izindawo zezicubu zakho zamabele. Imiphumela ejwayelekile isho ukuthi i-tracer yasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo yezicubu zakho zamabele ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izindawo ezikhathazayo zokuthatha okwengeziwe.

Uma kunezindawo lapho i-tracer igxile kakhulu, lezi zizovela njengezindawo eziqine kakhulu ezithombeni zakho. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izindawo ezishisayo ezibonisa umdlavuza. Ezinye izimo ezingenasici, njenge-fibroadenomas noma izindawo zokuvuvukala, zingamunca futhi i-tracer eningi kunezicubu ezizungezile.

Uchwepheshe wakho we-radiologist uzozihlola ngokucophelela lezi zithombe kanye ne-mammogram yakho nanoma yiziphi ezinye izithombe ozenzile. Bazobheka usayizi, ukuma, kanye nobukhulu banoma yiziphi izindawo ezingavamile ukuze banqume ukuthi ngabe kudingeka yini olunye uphenyo.

Imiphumela ivamise ukutholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngayo nawe ngokuqondene nempilo yakho yonke yamabele. Uma kukhona izindawo ezidinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, udokotela wakho uzokuchaza izinyathelo ezilandelayo, ezingase zihlanganise ezinye izithombe noma i-biopsy.

Yini ethinta ukunemba kokuthwebula amabele kwe-molecular?

Izinto eziningana zingathinta ukuthi i-MBI ikuthola kahle kangakanani umdlavuza wamabele esimweni sakho esithile. Izicubu zamabele eziqinile zenza i-MBI isebenze kahle kune-mammograms, ngoba inqubo yomuthi we-nuclear ayithintwa ukuminyana kwezicubu ngendlela ama-X-ray enza ngayo.

Usayizi wamathumba angaba khona udlala indima ekunembeni kokutholwa. I-MBI ihamba phambili ekutholeni imidlavuza engama-1 centimeter noma ngaphezulu, kodwa amathumba amancane kakhulu angase asashayeka. Yingakho i-MBI isebenza kahle kakhulu njengengxenye yendlela yokuhlola ebanzi kunokuba ibe yisivivinyo esizimele.

Imithi ethile ingase ithinte ukuthathwa kwe-tracer. Uma usebenzisa imithi yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisohlwini lwe-calcium channel blocker, yazisa udokotela wakho ngoba lezi zingathinta ukuthi i-tracer isakazeka kanjani emzimbeni wakho.

Umlando wakho wezokwelapha wakamuva nawo ungathinta imiphumela. Uma uke waba ne-biopsy yamabele, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, lezi zinqubo zingase zibange ukuvuvukala okungathinta ukuthathwa kwe-tracer futhi okungase kuholele emiphumeleni engamanga.

Ziyini izingozi zokuthwebula amabele kwe-molecular?

Ukuvezwa kwemisebe evela ku-MBI kuqhathaniswa nalokho ongakuthola kusuka ku-CT scan yesifuba sakho. Nakuba lokhu kuyimisebe eminingi kune-mammogram, isathathwa njengomthamo ophansi futhi ngokuvamile iphephile kwabesifazane abaningi uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

I-tracer ye-radioactive esetshenziswa ku-MBI inesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuphila, okusho ukuthi iyabola ngokushesha emzimbeni wakho. Iningi le-radioactivity lizobe selinyamalele kungakapheli amahora angama-24, futhi uzoqeda i-tracer ngomsebenzi wakho ojwayelekile wezinso.

Ukungezwani komzimba ne-tracer akuvamile kodwa kungenzeka. Indawo yokujova ingase ibe nokulimala okuncane noma ubuhlungu, obufana nalobo ongase uzizwe ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukudonswa kwegazi noma ukujova. Izinkinga ezinzima ezivela kule nqubo ngokwayo azizwakali.

Abanye besifazane bakhathazeka ngokuthi i-tracer ye-radioactive ithinta amalungu omndeni wabo, kodwa inani lemisebe lincane kangangokuthi akukho zinyathelo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo emndenini, ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, noma osebenza nabo ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Kufanele ngicabange nini ngokucabanga kwebele le-molecular?

Ungase ube ngumuntu olungile ku-MBI uma unezicubu zebele eziqinile futhi usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abesifazane abanomlando womndeni oqinile womdlavuza webele noma we-ovari, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kukhombisile ukuthi uphethe izinguquko kumajini afana ne-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2.

Abesifazane abaye bahlinzwa ngaphambilini amabele okukhombisa izinguquko eziyingozi, njenge-atypical ductal hyperplasia noma i-lobular carcinoma in situ, bangase futhi bazuze ekuhlolweni kwe-MBI. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome uma unezici eziyingozi eziningi ezibeka ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele ngaphezu kwesilinganiso.

Uma uke waba nemiphumela ekhathazayo ku-mammogram edinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, i-MBI inganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe ukusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi i-biopsy iyadingeka yini. Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi ekugwemeni izinqubo ezingadingekile ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi akukho okubalulekile okulahlekile.

Nokho, i-MBI ayinconyelwe ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwabesifazane abasengozini evamile. Ukuvezwa kwemisebe eyengeziwe nezindleko kuyenza ilungele kakhulu abesifazane abanezici eziyingozi ezithile noma izimo zomtholampilo eziqinisekisa amakhono okuthola athuthukisiwe.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwemifanekiso yamabele ye-molecular nokunye ukuhlolwa?

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-mammography, i-MBI ingcono kakhulu ekutholeni umdlavuza ezicutshini zamabele ezinzima. Ngenkathi ama-mammogram angaphuthelwa kufika ku-50% yomdlavuza ezicutshini ezinzima kakhulu, i-MBI igcina ukunemba kwayo kungakhathalekile ukuminyana kwamabele.

I-MRI ivame ukuthathwa njengezinga legolide lokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamabele osengozini enkulu, kodwa i-MBI inikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Ithokomele kakhulu kwabesifazane abaningi njengoba kungadingeki ukuthi balale endaweni evaliwe imizuzu engama-30-45, futhi ngokuvamile ibiza kancane kune-MRI yamabele.

Ngokungafani ne-MRI, i-MBI ayidingi umjovo we-IV ohlukile abanye abantu abangakwazi ukuwubekezelela ngenxa yezinkinga zezinso noma ukungezwani komzimba. I-radioactive tracer esetshenziswa ku-MBI ayivamile ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi icutshungulwa ngendlela ehlukile ngumzimba wakho kune-MRI contrast.

I-Ultrasound elinye ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izicubu zamabele, kodwa ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izindawo ezithile kunokuba zokuhlola. I-MBI inikeza umbono obanzi wamabele womabili futhi ingathola umdlavuza ongase ungabonakali ku-ultrasound.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nemifanekiso yamabele ye-molecular

Umbuzo 1: Ingabe imifanekiso yamabele ye-molecular ibuhlungu?

Cha, i-MBI ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu. Ukuqina kuphela ongase ukuzwe ukuchofoza okufushane ngoshinga lapho i-tracer ifakwa, okufana nokudonswa kwegazi. Ngokungafani nama-mammogram, akukho ukucindezelwa kwezicubu zamabele akho ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthwebula izithombe.

Umbuzo 2: Kufanele ngithwebule izithombe zamabele ze-molecular kaningi kangakanani?

Imvamisa incike ezingozini zakho ngazinye kanye nezincomo zikadokotela wakho. Abesifazane abaningi abazuza ku-MBI bayenza minyaka yonke, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzonquma isikhawu esifanele ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile kanye nephrofayili yengozi.

Umbuzo 3: Ngingakwazi yini ukuzishayela ngemoto ngemuva kokuthwebula izithombe zamabele ze-molecular?

Yebo, ungazishayela ekhaya ngemva kwe-MBI. Le nqubo ayihileli ukuthuliswa noma imiphi imithi engase iphazamise ikhono lakho lokushayela. Kufanele uzizwe ujwayelekile ngokushesha ngemva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kuqediwe.

Q4: Ingabe umshwalense uzosibekela ukucabanga kwamabele kwe-molecular?

Ukubekelwa umshwalense kwe-MBI kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlelo lwakho oluthile kanye nezimo zezokwelapha. Abaningi abashwalensi bayasibekela lesi sihlahlo uma kudingeka ngokwezokwelapha ezigulini ezinengozi enkulu noma ukuhlola okutholakele okusolisayo. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho womshwalense kanye nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokubekelwa ngaphambi kokuhlela.

Q5: Kwenzekani uma ukucabanga kwami ​​kwamabele kwe-molecular kubonisa indawo engajwayelekile?

Uma i-MBI yembula indawo ekhathazayo, udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ingabe umdlavuza noma isimo esingenabungozi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-ultrasound eqondiwe, i-MRI, noma i-tissue biopsy. Khumbula ukuthi okuningi okutholakele okungajwayelekile ku-MBI kuphenduka kungabi nangozi, ngakho zama ukungakhathazeki ngenkathi ulinde imiphumela yokulandela.