Yini i-MRI? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) iyiskena sezokwelapha esiphephile, esingabuhlungu esisebenzisa omazibuthe abanamandla kanye namagagasi omsakazo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane yezitho zakho, izicubu, namathambo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngayo njengekhamera eyinkimbinkimbi ekwazi ukubona ngokushesha isikhumba sakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebe noma ukuhlinzwa. Lolu vivinyo lokuthwebula izithombe lusiza odokotela ukuxilonga izimo, ukuqapha ukwelashwa, futhi bathole umbono ocacile wokuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho lapho izimpawu zikhomba ukuthi kukhona okudinga ukuhlolwa okuseduze.

Yini i-MRI?

I-MRI imele i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging, inqubo yokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha esebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe aqinile kanye namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yezakhiwo zakho zangaphakathi. Ngokungafani nemisebe ye-X noma izkena ze-CT, i-MRI ayisebenzisi imisebe ye-ionizing, okuyenza ibe enye yezinketho zokuthwebula izithombe eziphephe kakhulu ezitholakalayo.

Umshini we-MRI ubukeka njengeshubhu elikhulu noma umhubhe onetafula elishelelayo. Uma ulele kuleli tafula, likuhambisa emkhakheni kazibuthe lapho kwenzeka khona ukuskena kwangempela. Umshini uthola amasignali avela kuma-athomu e-hydrogen kuma-molecule amanzi omzimba wakho, okuthi kamuva aguqulwe abe izithombe ezinemininingwane emangalisayo.

Lezi zithombe zingakhombisa izicubu ezithambile, izitho, imithambo yegazi, ngisho nomsebenzi wobuchopho ngokusobala okumangalisayo. Udokotela wakho angabuka lezi zithombe ezingamakhona amaningi futhi enze nokwakhiwa kwe-3D ukuze aqonde kangcono ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.

Kungani kwenziwa i-MRI?

Izkena ze-MRI zenziwa ukuze kuxilongwe, kuqashwe, noma kukhishwe izimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha lapho ezinye izivivinyo zingazange zinikeze ulwazi olwanele. Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-MRI lapho bedinga ukubona izithombe ezinemininingwane yezicubu ezithambile ezingabonakali kahle emisebeni ye-X.

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu ze-MRI zihlanganisa ukuphenya izimpawu ezingachazeki, ukuqapha izimo ezaziwayo, ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuhlola ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Isibonelo, uma uhlangabezana nekhanda eliqhubekayo, ubuhlungu emalungeni, noma izimpawu ze-neurological, i-MRI ingasiza ekuhlonzeni imbangela.

Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho i-MRI ibonakala inenzuzo enkulu:

• Izifo zobuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa (isitroko, izimila, i-multiple sclerosis)
• Izinkinga zomgogodla (ama-discs aphukile, i-spinal stenosis, ukucindezelwa kwemizwa)
• Ukulimala kwamalunga nemisipha (imigqa edabukile, ukulimala kwe-cartilage)
• Izimo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (isifo senhliziyo, ama-aneurysms)
• Izinkinga zezitho zesisu (isibindi, izinso, izinkinga ze-pancreas)
• Ukutholwa komdlavuza nokuqapha emzimbeni wonke
• Izimo ze-pelvic (ukuphazamiseka kwezitho zokuzala, i-endometriosis)

I-MRI ilusizo ikakhulukazi ngoba ingathola izinkinga ezigabeni zazo zokuqala, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibe zimbi. Lokhu kutholwa ngokushesha kungaholela ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo kanye nemiphumela engcono.

Yini inqubo ye-MRI?

Inqubo ye-MRI iqondile futhi ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele, nakuba idinga ukuthi ulale unganyakazi isikhathi eside. Iningi le-MRI lithatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ehlolwayo nokuthi zingaki izithombe ezidingekayo.

Uma ufika esikhungweni sokuthwebula izithombe, uzoshintsha ufake ingubo yesibhedlela futhi ususe zonke izinto zensimbi, okuhlanganisa ubucwebe, amawashi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokwenza izimonyo uma ziqukethe izinhlayiya zensimbi. Uchwepheshe uzobuza mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimila zensimbi, ama-pacemakers, noma ezinye izinto zokwelapha emzimbeni wakho.

Nansi into eyenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuskena kwakho kwe-MRI:

1. Uzoqala ngokulala etafuleni elinobuciko elishelela emshinini we-MRI
2. Uchwepheshe uzokubeka ngendlela efanele futhi angase asebenzise imicamelo noma imichilo ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale ukhululekile futhi unganyakazi
3. Uzothola ama-earplugs noma ama-headphones ngoba umshini wenza imisindo eqhumayo nokushaya
4. Itafula lizokuhambisa emkhakheni kazibuthe, futhi uku-scan kuzoqala
5. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi ngesikhathi sezigaba ngasinye, esivame ukuthatha imizuzu engu-2-10
6. Uchwepheshe uzoxhumana nawe ngohlelo lwe-intercom
7. Ngezinye izikhathi umbala ohlukile ufakwa nge-IV ukuze kuthuthukiswe izithombe ezithile

Ngesikhathi senqubo, uzokwazi ukuxhumana nochwepheshe, futhi bangayimisa i-scan uma uzizwa ungaphathekile kahle. Konke okuhlangenwe nakho kuqashwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuvikeleke futhi kukhululeke.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-MRI yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-MRI kuvamile ukuba lula, kodwa kunezinyathelo ezibalulekile okudingeka uzilandele ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho futhi uthole izithombe ezingcono kakhulu. Ukulungiselela okuningi kuhilela ukususa izinto zensimbi nokwazisa ithimba lakho lezempilo ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokuthwebula izithombe sizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-MRI onalo. Ezinye izithombe zidinga ukuzila ukudla, kanti ezinye azinazo izithiyo zokudla nhlobo.

Nansi indlela yokulungiselela ngempumelelo i-MRI yakho:

• Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinto zensimbi ezifakwe emzimbeni, ama-pacemakers, ama-cochlear implants, noma iziqeshana zokuhlinzwa
• Susa yonke imihlobiso, amawashi, iziqeshana zezinwele, kanye nomsebenzi wamazinyo osuswayo
• Gwema ukugqoka izimonyo, i-nail polish, noma imikhiqizo yezinwele engase ibe nensimbi
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezilula ezingenama-zippers ensimbi noma izinkinobho
• Tshela ithimba lakho lezempilo uma ukhulelwe noma ungase ukhulelwe
• Xoxa nganoma iyiphi i-claustrophobia noma ukukhathazeka nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Landela noma yiziphi iziyalezo zokuzila ukudla uma umbala ohlukile uzosetshenziswa
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya uma uthola imithi yokuthulisa

Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngale nqubo, unganqikazi ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo zakho nethimba lakho lezempilo. Ngokuvamile bangakunikeza imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka noma baphakamise amasu okubhekana nawo ukukusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokuskena.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-MRI?

Imiphumela ye-MRI ihunyushwa ngama-radiologists, odokotela abangochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ukufunda nokuhlaziya izithombe zezokwelapha. Imiphumela yakho ngokuvamile izotholakala phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48, nakuba amacala aphuthumayo angafundwa ngokushesha.

I-radiologist izokwenza umbiko onemininingwane echaza lokho abakubonayo ezithombeni zakho, okuhlanganisa nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingavamile noma izindawo ezikhathazayo. Lo mbiko uthunyelwa kudokotela wakho okuthumele, ozoxoxa ngemiphumela nawe futhi achaze ukuthi isho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile.

Imibiko ye-MRI ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nalezi zici ezilandelayo:

• I-anatomy ejwayelekile nezakhiwo ezibonakala ziphilile
• Noma yiziphi izinto ezingavamile, ezifana nokuvuvukala, izimila, noma ukulimala kwesakhiwo
• Usayizi, indawo, nezici zanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlonziwe
• Ukuqhathaniswa nokuskena kwangaphambilini uma kutholakala
• Izincomo zokuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukulandela uma kudingeka

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukutholakala okungajwayelekile ku-MRI akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unesimo esibi. Ukungajwayelekile okuningi kulungile noma kuyelapheka, futhi udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nempilo yonke.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-MRI?

Ngenkathi i-MRI ngokwayo iphephile kakhulu, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nezimpawu zikhuphula amathuba okuthi udokotela wakho uzoncoma lolu hlobo lokufunda ngesithombe. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-MRI ingase idingeke nini empilweni yakho.

Ubudala bunendima ekuncomweni kwe-MRI, njengoba izimo ezithile ziba zivamile njengoba sikhula. Kodwa-ke, i-MRI ingenziwa ngokuphepha kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kusukela ezinganeni kuya ezigulini ezigugile, uma kudingeka ngokwezokwelapha.

Izici eziyingozi ezivamile ezingaholela ezincomweni ze-MRI zihlanganisa:

• Izimpawu ze-neurological eziqhubekayo noma eziba zimbi (izinhlungu zekhanda, ukuquleka, izinkinga zememori)
• Ubuhlungu obuhlanganyelwe noma ukulimala okungathuthuki ngokwelashwa okuvamile
• Umlando womndeni wezimo ezithile ezinjenge-brain aneurysms noma izifo zofuzo
• Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wangaphambilini okudinga ukuqapha njalo
• Isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi noma izinkinga zenhliziyo ezisolisayo
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli emhlane noma entanyeni obunezimpawu ze-neurological
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma be-pelvic obungachazeki
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo okubandakanya imisipha, imisipha, noma i-cartilage

Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzodinga i-MRI, kodwa zikhuphula amathuba okuthi udokotela wakho uzoyicabangela njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakho wokuxilonga. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokala izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokumelene nanoma yiziphi izingozi ngokuya ngezimo zakho.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-MRI?

I-MRI ithathwa njengenqubo yokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha ephephe kakhulu etholakalayo, enezinkinga ezimbalwa kakhulu noma imiphumela emibi. Iningi elikhulu labantu lidlula ekuskeneni kwe-MRI ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi inkinga.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu abantu abahlangabezana nazo zihlobene ne-claustrophobia noma ukukhathazeka ngokuba endaweni evaliwe yomshini we-MRI. Le mizwa ijwayelekile futhi ingalawuleka ngokulungiselela okufanele nokusekelwa yithimba lakho lezempilo.

Nawa amaphutha angavamile angavela nge-MRI:

• Ukuphendula komzimba okungalungile kumbala ohlukile (kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wamacala)
• Izinkinga zezinso kubantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinso abathola umehluko
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kubantu abane-claustrophobia
• Ukushisa kwezinto zensimbi ezifakelwe noma ama-tattoo aqukethe uyinki wensimbi
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamadivayisi athile ezokwelapha njengama-pacemakers
• Umonakalo wokuzwa uma ukuvikelwa kwezindlebe kungasetshenziswanga kahle
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa, nakuba kungekho imiphumela eyingozi ebonisiwe

Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkinga ezinzima zivamile kakhulu uma kulandelwa izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuhlola ngokucophelela ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuze likhombe noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona futhi lithathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nemiphumela ye-MRI?

Kufanele ulandelele udokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ekuthinta mayelana nemiphumela yakho ye-MRI, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okutholakele kujwayelekile noma akujwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uzohlela i-aphoyintimenti ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela futhi achaze ukuthi asho ukuthini empilweni yakho.

Ungazami ukuhumusha imiphumela yakho ye-MRI ngokwakho, njengoba ukuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze kuqondwe kahle. Ngisho nokutholakele okungase kubonakale kukukhathaza kungase kube ukuhluka okujwayelekile noma izinkinga ezincane ezingadingi ukwelashwa.

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yini elandelayo ngemva kwe-MRI yakho:

• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala, ukuqubuka)
• Ubuhlungu obungajwayelekile noma ukungakhululeki endaweni yokujova yokuhlolwa
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza ngemva kokunikezwa kokuhlolwa
• Noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma eziqhubukayo ezihlobene nesimo sakho sokuqala
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nenqubo noma imiphumela

Khumbula ukuthi ithimba lakho lezempilo lilapho ukuzokusekela kuyo yonke inqubo, kusukela ekulungiseleleni kuze kube sekuchazweni kwemiphumela. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ufune ukucaciselwa nganoma yini ongayiqondi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-MRI

Q1: Ingabe i-MRI iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

I-MRI ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesemester yokuqala. Ngokungafani nemisebe ye-X-ray noma ama-CT scan, i-MRI ayisebenzisi imisebe ye-ionizing engase ilimaze ingane yakho esakhula. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona.

Izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha zincoma ukugwema i-MRI ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala ngaphandle uma kudingekile ngezizathu zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Uma ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe, ngaso sonke isikhathi yazisa ithimba lakho lezempilo ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Q2: Ngingaba ne-MRI ngama-implants ensimbi?

Abantu abaningi abane-implants yensimbi bangaba nama-MRI scans ngokuphepha, kodwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwensimbi kanye nokuthi yafakwa nini. Ama-implants anamuhla avame ukuhambisana ne-MRI, kodwa amadivayisi amadala angase angaphephile emkhakheni kazibuthe.

Udinga ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nanoma yiziphi izithako, okuhlanganisa iziqeshana zokuhlinzwa, ukufakwa kwamalunga, noma umsebenzi wamazinyo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlola ukuphepha kwezithako zakho ezithile ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuskena.

Q3: Ingabe i-MRI ithatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Iningi lokuskena kwe-MRI kuthatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ehlolwayo nokuthi zingaki izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe ezidingekayo. Ukuskena okulula kungase kuqedwe ngemizuzu engama-20, kuyilapho izifundo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingathatha amahora amabili.

Uchwepheshe wakho uzokunikeza isilinganiso sesikhathi esinembile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile zokuskena. Bazokugcina unolwazi mayelana nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani esisele ngesikhathi senqubo.

Q4: Ngizozwa noma yini ngesikhathi se-MRI?

Ngeke uzizwele inkambu kazibuthe noma amaza omsakazo ngesikhathi sokuskena kwe-MRI. Inqubo ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele, nakuba uzokuzwa imisindo emikhulu yokungqongqoza, ukushaya, nokubhonga njengoba umshini usebenza.

Abanye abantu bazizwa befudumele kancane ngesikhathi sokuskena, okujwayelekile. Uma uthola umbala ohlukile, ungase uzwe umuzwa opholile lapho ufakwa, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kudlula ngokushesha.

Q5: Ngingadla ngaphambi kwe-MRI yami?

Eziningi zokuskena kwe-MRI, ungaqhubeka udla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kwenqubo. Kodwa-ke, uma wenza i-MRI yesisu sakho noma i-pelvis, noma uma umbala ohlukile uzosetshenziswa, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kwalokho.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile mayelana nokudla nokuphuza ngokusekelwe ekuskeneni kwakho okuthile. Hlala ulandela le miyalelo ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise izithombe ezingcono kakhulu futhi ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga.