Yini i-Needle Biopsy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-needle biopsy iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho udokotela wakho esebenzisa inaliti encane, engenalutho ukususa isampula elincane lezicubu emzimbeni wakho ukuze lihlolwe. Cabanga ngayo njengokuthatha ucezu oluncane lwezicubu ukuzohlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope, okusiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi kwenzakalani endaweni ethile okukhathazayo.

Le nqubo encane evimbela ukuhlinzwa ivumela odokotela ukuthi bathole izifo ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Isampula lezicubu, ngokuvamile elingamasentimitha ambalwa ngosayizi, linikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi ngabe amaseli ajwayelekile, anezifo, noma abonisa izimpawu zesifo.

Yini i-needle biopsy?

I-needle biopsy ihlanganisa ukufaka inaliti ekhethekile ngesikhumba sakho ukuqoqa amasampula ezicubu ezivela ezingxenyeni zomzimba, izigaxa, noma izindawo ezibonakala zingajwayelekile ekuhlolweni kwesithombe. Udokotela wakho uqondisa inaliti endaweni eqondile esebenzisa i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI imaging ukuze kube nokunemba.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-needle biopsies ongahlangana nazo. I-Fine needle aspiration isebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu ukukhipha amaseli noketshezi, kuyilapho i-core needle biopsy isebenzisa inaliti enkulu kancane ukususa amasilinda amancane ezicubu. Ukukhetha kuncike kulokho okudingwa udokotela wakho ukuthi akuhlole nokuthi isampula kudingeka livela kuphi.

Kungani kwenziwa i-needle biopsy?

Odokotela batusa ama-needle biopsies lapho kudingeka banqume uhlobo oluqondile lwendawo engajwayelekile emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungaba yisigaxa ongazizwa, okuthile okungajwayelekile okutholakala ekuhlolweni kwesithombe, noma indawo ebidala izimpawu eziqhubekayo.

Umgomo oyinhloko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ezinobube (ezingezona ezinomdlavuza) nezimbi (ezinomdlavuza). Kodwa-ke, ama-needle biopsies asiza futhi ukuxilonga izifo, izimo zokuvuvukala, nezinye izifo ezithinta izicubu nezitho zomzimba.

Udktela wakho angase aphonse le nqubo uma uneziqongo ezingachazeki ebeleni lakho, emgudwini wamathambo, esibindini, emaphashini, noma kuma-lymph nodes. Isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi uma izivivinyo zegazi noma izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe zikhomba ukuthi kukhona okudinga ukuhlolisiswa kodwa ukuxilongwa okuqondile kusaqhubeka kungacacile.

Yini inqubo ye-needle biopsy?

Inqubo ye-needle biopsy ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-30 futhi ivamise ukwenziwa njengenqubo yeziguli eziphuma ngaphandle. Uzoqamba amanga ngokunethezeka etafuleni lokuhlolwa ngenkathi udokotela wakho elungiselela indawo futhi esebenzisa isiqondiso sokuthwebula izithombe ukuthola izicubu ezihlosiwe.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi senqubo:

1. Udktela wakho uhlanza indawo yesikhumba ngesisombululo se-antiseptic
2. I-anesthetic yendawo ifakwa ukuze inumbise indawo ngokuphelele
3. Kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound noma isiqondiso se-CT, inaliti ifakwa ngokucophelela
4. Isampula lezicubu liyaqoqwa, okungase kudingeke ukuthi kudlule izikhathi eziningana
5. Inaliti ikhishwa futhi ingcindezi isetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukopha
6. I-bandage encane imboza indawo yokufaka

Ungase uzwe ingcindezi ethile noma ukungakhululeki okuncane lapho inaliti ingena, kodwa i-anesthetic yendawo ivimbela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Abantu abaningi bachaza ukuzwa njengokufana nokuthola ukudonswa kwegazi noma ukugonywa.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-needle biopsy yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-needle biopsy yakho ngokuvamile kuqondile, kodwa ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela kusiza ekuqinisekiseni imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile esekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye nendawo ye-biopsy.

Ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho, udokotela wakho cishe uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nemithi yamanje. Imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-aspirin, i-warfarin, noma i-clopidogrel ingase idinge ukumiswa izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kwe-biopsy ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokopha.

Izinyathelo ezivamile zokulungiselela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlela ukuthuthwa ekhaya, njengoba ungase uzizwe ubuthuntu noma unganamahloni
• Ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile
• Ukugwema ukudla nokuphuza amahora ambalwa uma kuhlelwe ukuthulisa
• Ukuphuza imithi enqunyiwe njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Ukwazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba noma ukusabela kwangaphambilini

Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo ngesikhathi sokubonisana kwakho ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ukuqonda okulindelekile kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ulungiswe kahle ngomuzwa.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-needle biopsy?

Imiphumela ye-needle biopsy ivamise ukufika phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7, nakuba amacala ayinkimbinkimbi angase athathe isikhathi eside. I-pathologist ihlola isampula lakho lezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope futhi inikeze umbiko onemininingwane kudokotela wakho, ozobe esechaza okutholakele kuwe.

Imiphumela ngokuvamile ingena ezigabeni eziningana ezisiza ukuqondisa izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo. Imiphumela evamile ikhombisa izicubu ezinempilo ezingenazo izimpawu zesifo noma ukungavamile. Imiphumela emihle ikhombisa izinguquko ezingezona ezinomdlavuza ezingase zidinge ukuqapha noma ukwelashwa.

Uma kutholakala amaseli omdlavuza, umbiko uhlanganisa imininingwane ebalulekile efana nohlobo lomdlavuza, ukuthi ubonakala unolaka kangakanani, nezici ezithile ezisiza ukunquma izinketho zokwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela ayipheli, okusho ukuthi isampula alinikezanga ulwazi olwanele lokuthola ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile.

Udokotela wakho uzohlela i-aphoyintimenti yokulandela ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela ngemininingwane futhi ancome izinyathelo ezilandelayo. Le ngxoxo ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi okutholakele kusho ukuthini empilweni yakho nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ezingase zifanele.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-needle biopsy?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba okuthi uzodinga i-needle biopsy ohambweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Iminyaka idlala indima, njengoba izimo ezithile ezidinga i-biopsy ziba zivamile njengoba sikhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-40.

Umlando womndeni unethonya elikhulu engcupheni yakho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinjengomdlavuza wamabele, izinkinga ze-thyroid, noma izifo ezithile zofuzo. Uma izihlobo eziseduze zake zaba nalezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu okungaholela ezincomweni ze-biopsy.

Izici zokuphila ezingase zikhuphule isidingo sakho sezinqubo zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema, okwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu neminye imidlavuza
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala okuthinta impilo yesibindi
• Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside elangeni okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba
• Ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali athile noma imisebe
• Izimo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala

Ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi ngokuqinisekile uzodinga i-biopsy, kodwa zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume amashejuli afanele okuhlolwa futhi ahlale eqaphela izinguquko ezidinga uphenyo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-needle biopsy?

I-needle biopsy ngokuvamile iphephile kakhulu, kodwa njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, inezingozi ezithile ezingaba khona. Iningi labantu alibi nazinkinga, futhi izinkinga ezinzima zivame kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezivamile, ezincane ezivame ukuxazululwa ngokushesha zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obuncane noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokufaka
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane noma ukulimala
• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhashana endaweni ye-biopsy
• Ukukhathala ngokushesha ngemva kwenqubo

Izinkinga ezingathi sína kodwa ezingavamile zingenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngama-biopsy ezitho ezithile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, ukutheleleka endaweni ye-biopsy, noma ukulimala kwezakhiwo eziseduze. Ama-biopsy wamaphaphu athwala ingozi encane ye-pneumothorax (amaphaphu awela), kuyilapho ama-biopsy esibindi angase abangele ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi.

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezingozi ezithile ezihlobene nendawo yakho ethile ye-biopsy kanye nezici zakho zempilo ngayinye. Izinzuzo zokuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi zidlula lezi zingozi ezincane.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemuva kwe-needle biopsy?

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ku-needle biopsy ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nokunakekelwa ngemuva kwenqubo nezimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele uziqaphele.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuningi okumanzisa amabhandeshi
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma i-pus
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungathuthuki ngemithi enikeziwe
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwe-lung biopsy)
• Isiyezi noma ukuquleka

Ukuze uthole ukulandelela okuvamile, ngokuvamile uzoba nokuqokwa okuhlelelwe kungakapheli isonto ukuxoxa ngemiphumela nokuhlola ukuthi uyaphola kanjani. Unganqikazi ukushaya ucingo ngemibuzo noma izinkathazo, noma ngabe zibonakala zincane.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-needle biopsy

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-needle biopsy kulungile ekuxilongeni umdlavuza?

Yebo, i-needle biopsy isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuxilongeni umdlavuza nokuwuhlukanisa ezimweni ezingelona i-benign. Izinga lokunemba lokutholwa komdlavuza nge-needle biopsy livame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-95%, okwenza kube ngelinye lamathuluzi okuxilonga athembeke kakhulu atholakalayo.

Le nqubo inikeza izicubu ezanele ukuze ochwepheshe bezifo bakwazi ukuhlonza amaseli omdlavuza kuphela kodwa futhi banqume izici ezithile eziqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imininingwane mayelana nama-hormone receptors, amaphethini okukhula, kanye nezimpawu zofuzo ezisiza odokotela be-oncologists ukuthi bakhethe ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu.

Q.2 Ingabe i-needle biopsy eyakhayo ngaso sonke isikhathi isho umdlavuza?

Cha, i-needle biopsy eyakhayo ayisho ngaso sonke isikhathi umdlavuza. Imiphumela ethi "Positive" ingakhombisa izimo ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukutheleleka, izifo ezivuvukalayo, noma ukukhula okungelona i-benign okudinga ukwelashwa kodwa akuyona umdlavuza.

Uma umdlavuza utholakala, umbiko wakho we-pathology uzosho ngokucacile lokhu kuxilongwa kanye nemininingwane ethile mayelana nohlobo lomdlavuza kanye nezici zawo. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ngqo ukuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini futhi axoxe ngezinyathelo ezifanele ezilandelayo ngokusekelwe ekutholeni kwakho okuthile.

Q.3 Ubuhlungu obungakanani inqubo ye-needle biopsy?

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi i-needle biopsy ayibuhlungu kangako kunalokho ababekulindele. I-anesthetic yendawo ithulisa ngempumelelo le ndawo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile uzizwa kuphela ingcindezi noma ukuphatheka kabi okuncane ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwesicubu sangempela.

Umujovo wokuqala womuthi wokuthulisa ngomoya ungase ubangele ukuzwa okuncane okushisayo, okufana nokuthola umgomo. Ngemva kwenqubo, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, okuthi ngokuvamile kuphendule kahle emithini yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.

Q.4 Ingabe i-needle biopsy ingasakaza umdlavuza uma ukhona?

Ingozi yokuthi i-needle biopsy isakaze amaseli omdlavuza iphansi kakhulu futhi ifundwe kabanzi. Izindlela zanamuhla ze-biopsy kanye nemiklamo yezinaliti zinciphisa le ngozi encane kakade, futhi inzuzo yokuxilongwa okunembile idlula le nkinga yeqiniso.

Udokotela wakho usebenzisa izindlela ezithile nezindlela zezinaliti eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukusabalala okungenzeka kwamaseli angavamile. Ulwazi olutholwe ku-biopsy lubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezithuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela.

Q.5 Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela ye-needle biopsy?

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ye-needle biopsy ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku zebhizinisi eziyi-3 kuya kweziyi-7, nakuba lokhu kungahluka kuye ngobunzima becala lakho kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo. Ukuhlolwa okuthile okukhethekile kungathatha amasonto amabili.

Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho lizokuthinta uma imiphumela isitholakala futhi lihlele i-aphoyintimenti yokuxoxa ngokutholakele. Uma ungazizwanga phakathi nesikhathi esilindelekile, kulungile ngokuphelele ukushaya ucingo futhi uhlole isimo semiphumela yakho.