Yini i-Pap Smear? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-Pap smear iyisivivinyo esilula sokuhlola esihlola izinguquko emangqamuzaneni omlomo wakho wesibeletho. Umlomo wakho wesibeletho yingxenye engezansi yesibeletho sakho evuleka esithweni sakho sangasese. Lolu vivinyo lusiza odokotela ukuthi bathole izinguquko zamangqamuzana ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuthi ziphenduke umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Cabanga ngayo njengendlela enobumnene yokugcina iso empilweni yakho yomlomo wesibeletho. Lolu vivinyo lithatha imizuzu embalwa nje futhi lingabamba izinkinga lapho kulula ukuzelapha. Abesifazane abaningi badinga lolu vivinyo njalo njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwabo kwezempilo okuvamile.

Yini i-Pap smear?

I-Pap smear iqoqa amangqamuzana emangqamuzaneni omlomo wakho wesibeletho ukuze ibheke noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho ukhuhla ngobumnene isampula elincane lamangqamuzana ebusweni bomlomo wakho wesibeletho esebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile noma i-spatula.

Lawa mangqamuzana athunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe bewahlola khona izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, noma izinguquko ezingavamile. Lolu vivinyo luqanjwe ngemuva kukaDkt. George Papanicolaou, owasungula le ndlela yokuhlola ngeminyaka yama-1940.

Ubuhle balolu vivinyo ukuthi lungabona izinkinga eminyakeni ngaphambi kokuthi zibe zimbi. Amangqamuzana omlomo wakho wesibeletho ashintsha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-Pap smear ibamba lezi zinguquko lapho ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu.

Kungani kwenziwa i-Pap smear?

Inhloso enkulu ye-Pap smear ukuhlola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nezinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho. Lolu vivinyo lunciphise kakhulu ukufa ngenxa yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho selokhu lwasetshenziswa kabanzi.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-Pap smear ngezizathu eziningana ezibalulekile. Ake ngikuhambise ngazo ezivamile kakhulu:

• Ukwenza ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze kubanjwe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ukuqapha izinguquko zamangqamuzana ezingavamile ezitholakala ezivivinyweni zangaphambilini
• Ukuhlola ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Ukuhlola ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukukhipha
• Ukwenza okulandelayo ngemuva kokwelashwa kwamangqamuzana angavamile

Imikhombandlela eminingi incoma ukuqala ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala futhi kuqhubeke njalo eminyakeni emithathu uma imiphumela ijwayelekile. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-30, ungase uhlolwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu uma kuhlangene nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap iqondile futhi ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-10 kuya kwengama-20 kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Uzoqala ukulala etafuleni lokuhlolwa ngezinyawo zakho ezisemathangeni, okufana nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwesisu.

Udokotela wakho uzofaka ngobumnene i-speculum esithweni sakho sangasese ukuze abambe izindonga zihlukene ukuze bakwazi ukubona intamo yesibeletho sakho ngokucacile. I-speculum ingase izizwe ingakhululekile kancane, kodwa akufanele ibe buhlungu.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqoqa amaseli:

1. Udokotela wakho uthola intamo yesibeletho sakho esebenzisa i-speculum
2. Baxubha ngobumnene noma baklwebhe amaseli ebusweni bentamo yesibeletho
3. Amaseli abekwa esilayidini sengilazi noma eketshezi
4. Isampula silotshwa futhi sithunyelwe elabhorethri
5. I-speculum iyasuswa futhi ukuhlolwa kuqediwe

Ukuqoqwa kwamaseli kwangempela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Ungase uzwe ukucindezela okuncane noma umuzwa wokugijima okufushane, kodwa abesifazane abaningi bakuthola kulula ukukubekezelela.

Ungalungela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-Pap?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-Pap kulula, kodwa isikhathi kanye nezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezincane kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni imiphumela enembile. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuhlela ukuhlolwa kwakho cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-20 ngemva kosuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini kwakho kokugcina.

Nawa amanye amasu okulungiselela angakusiza ukuthi uthole imiphumela ethembeke kakhulu:

• Gwema ukuhlangana ngocansi amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
• Ungasebenzisi ama-tampon, okokugcoba okusetshenziswa esithweni sangasese, noma ama-douches amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
• Hlela uma ungafiki esikhathini uma kungenzeka
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezilula ukuzikhipha
• Thatha umuthi wokwelapha ubuhlungu ongathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela uma ukhathazekile ngokungakhululeki

Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngale nqubo, lokho kuvamile ngokuphelele. Cabanga ngokuletha umngani ukuzokusekela noma ucele udokotela wakho ukuthi achaze isinyathelo ngasinye njengoba benza.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-Pap smear?

Imiphumela yakho ye-Pap smear ngokuvamile izotholakala phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini ngemva kokuhlolwa kwakho. Ukuqonda le miphumela kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo, uma zikhona, okungenzeka udinga ukuzithatha ngokulandelayo.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile isho ukuthi amaseli akho omlomo wesibeletho abonakala enempilo futhi akukho okunye okudingekayo kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo okuhleliwe. Lokhu kuwumphumela wabesifazane abaningi abane-Pap smears.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile akusho ngempela ukuthi unomdlavuza. Nakhu okungase kukhombe ukutholwa okuhlukene:

• Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) - izinguquko ezincane zamaseli ezingase zizixazulule zodwa
• Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) - izinguquko zamaseli ezithambile ezivame ukubangelwa yi-HPV
• High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidinga ukwelashwa
• Atypical glandular cells - amaseli angajwayelekile avela ekujuleni komlomo wesibeletho
• Squamous cell carcinoma noma adenocarcinoma - amaseli omdlavuza adinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha

Udokotela wakho uzochaza imiphumela yakho ethile futhi ancome ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okufanele. Imiphumela eminingi engajwayelekile iholela ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe kunokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ungayithuthukisa kanjani impilo yakho yomlomo wesibeletho?

Ngenkathi ungeke ukwazi ukulawula zonke izinto ezithinta impilo yomlomo wesibeletho, izinqumo eziningana zokuphila zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa izinkinga zomlomo wesibeletho.

Ukuthola umgomo we-HPV ingenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuvimbela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Lo mgomo uvikela ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ezibangela imidlavuza eminingi yomlomo wesibeletho.

Nazi izinyathelo ezingokoqobo ongazithatha ukuze usekele umlomo wakho wesibeletho:

• Thola ama-Pap smears njalo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
• Thola umgomo we-HPV uma ufanelekile
• Ziqeqeshe ngokocansi oluphephile usebenzisa amakhondomu
• Khawulela inani labalingani bakho bobulili
• Ungabhemi noma uyeke uma njengamanje ubhema
• Gcina isimiso somzimba esinempilo ngokudla okunomsoco nokuzivocavoca

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nokuhlolwa njalo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni kwenza ukwelashwa kuphumelele futhi kuphumelele kakhulu.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zama-Pap smears angajwayelekile?

Ezinye izici zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela engajwayelekile ye-Pap smear. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi ninqume uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokukuhlola.

Isici esiyingozi esibaluleke kakhulu ukutheleleka ngezinhlobo eziyingozi ze-human papillomavirus (HPV). Lokhu kutheleleka okuvamile okudluliselwa ngocansi kubangela amacala amaningi omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ezinye izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa izinguquko zamaseli omlomo wesibeletho:

• Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bobulili noma umlingani onabalingani abaningi
• Ukuqala ukuziphatha ngokocansi esemncane
• Ukuba nesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka
• Ukubhema ugwayi
• Ukuba nomlando wokutheleleka ngocansi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwamaphilisi okulawula inzalo
• Ukubeletha izingane ezintathu noma ngaphezulu
• Ukwembulwa ku-DES (diethylstilbestrol) ngaphambi kokuzalwa

Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothuthukisa izinkinga zomlomo wesibeletho. Abesifazane abaningi abanezici eziyingozi abanayo imiphumela engajwayelekile, kanti abanye besifazane abangenazo izici eziyingozi eziqashelwayo bayaba nazo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zama-Pap smears angajwayelekile?

Imiphumela eminingi engajwayelekile ye-Pap smear ayiholi ezinkingeni ezingathi sína, ikakhulukazi uma itholwe kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa njalo. Kodwa-ke, amaseli angajwayelekile angelashwanga ngezinye izikhathi angathuthuka abe yizimo ezingathi sína.

Into enkulu ngemiphumela engavamile eqhubekayo ukuthi izinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza zingase zigcine ziba umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Le nqubo ivame ukuthatha iminyaka eminingi, yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kuphumelela kangaka.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zamaseli omlomo wesibeletho angavamile angelashwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqhubeka kusuka ezingeni eliphansi kuya ezingeni eliphezulu lezinguquko zamaseli
• Ukwanda komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Isidingo sezindlela zokwelapha ezingeziwe
• Umgomo onethonya ekuzaleni ezimweni ezingavamile
• Ukusabalala komdlavuza ezicutshini eziseduze uma kungelashwa

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zinkinga zivame ukuvikeleka ngokuhlolwa njalo nokunakekelwa okulungile. Imiphumela eminingi engavamile iphathwa ngempumelelo ngemithi elula.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezinkinga ze-Pap smear?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile phakathi kwe-Pap smear yakho ejwayelekile noma uma unokukhathazeka ngemiphumela yakho.

Ngenkathi izinguquko eziningi zomlomo wesibeletho ezingabangeli zimpawu, kubalulekile ukunaka umzimba wakho bese ubika noma yiziphi izinguquko kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile kwesitho sangasese phakathi nezikhathi
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ngemuva kocansi
• Ukuphuma kwesitho sangasese okungavamile okunuka kabi
• Ubuhlungu besinqe obungabonakali buhlobene nomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ngemuva kokuya esikhathini
• Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi

Futhi finyelela kudokotela wakho uma uphuthelwe i-Pap smear yakho ehleliwe noma uma unemibuzo ngemiphumela yakho. Bangasiza ekunqumeni isikhathi esingcono sokuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-Pap smears

Q1: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza wama-ovari?

I-Pap smear ayenzelwe ukuthola umdlavuza wama-ovari. Lolu vivinyo lubheka ngqo amaseli omlomo wesibeletho futhi luhle kakhulu ekuhloleni umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho nezinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza.

Umhlaza wama-ovari ngokuvamile udinga izivivinyo ezihlukene njengokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic, ama-ultrasound, noma izivivinyo zegazi ezilinganisa izimpawu zomdlavuza njenge-CA-125. Uma unokukhathazeka ngomdlavuza wama-ovari, xoxa ngezinketho ezithile zokuhlola nodokotela wakho.

Q2: Ingabe i-Pap smear engavamile ngaso sonke isikhathi isho ukuthi nginomdlavuza?

Cha, i-Pap smear engavamile ayisho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Imiphumela eminingi engavamile ikhombisa izinguquko ezincane zamaseli ezivame ukuzixazulula zodwa noma ngemithi elula.

Imiphumela engavamile ngokuvamile ikhombisa ukuvuvukala, ukutheleleka, noma izinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza ezidinga ukuqashwa noma ukwelashwa. Amaseli omdlavuza weqiniso atholakala kuphela ngamaphesenti amancane e-Pap smears engavamile.

Q3: Kufanele ngithole i-Pap smear kaningi kangakanani?

Abesifazane abaningi kufanele baqale ama-Pap smears eneminyaka engama-21 futhi baqhubeke njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuze kube yiminyaka engama-29 uma imiphumela ijwayelekile. Kusukela eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengama-65, ungenza i-Pap smear njalo eminyakeni emithathu noma njalo eminyakeni emihlanu uma ihlanganiswe nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu uma unezici eziyingozi noma umlando wemiphumela engavamile. Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 abaye bahlolwa njalo okujwayelekile bangase bakwazi ukuyeka ukuhlolwa.

Q4: Ngingathola i-Pap smear ngesikhathi ngikhulelwe?

Yebo, ama-Pap smears aphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi kuma-trimesters okuqala nawesibili. Lolu vivinyo alimlimazi ingane yakho futhi lunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yezempilo.

Udokotela wakho angase abe mnene kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo, futhi ungase uzwe ukopha okuncane ngemva kwalokho ngenxa yokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka.

Q5: Ingabe i-Pap smear izolimaza?

Abesifazane abaningi bathola ukuthi ama-Pap smears awakhululekile kunokuba abuhlungu. Ungase uzwe ingcindezi lapho i-speculum ifakwa kanye nomuzwa omfushane wokubamba ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwamaseli.

Ukuqaqamba ngokuvamile kulula futhi kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Ukuphefumula okujulile nokuphumuza imisipha yakho kungasiza. Uma ukhathazeke kakhulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokwenza ukuzizwa ukhululeke.