Yini Imithi Eqondile Yomdlavuza Webele? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

Imithi eqondile yomdlavuza webele iyindlela yomuntu siqu esebenzisa ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza wakho ukuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa uhlelo lokwelapha olulodwa olulingana bonke, odokotela bahlaziya izici ezithile zamaseli akho omdlavuza ukuze bakhethe ukwelashwa okungenzeka ukuthi kuzosebenza kuwe.

Le ndlela imele ushintsho olukhulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza kwendabuko. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lihlole kokubili i-DNA yomdlavuza wakho futhi ngezinye izikhathi iphrofayili yakho yezakhi zofuzo ukudala isu lokwelapha elenzelwe ngqo isimo sakho. Cabanga ngakho njengokuba nephrinti elinemininingwane yomdlavuza wakho elisiza odokotela ukuthi bakhethe izikhali eziphumelela kakhulu zokuwulwa.

Yini imithi eqondile yomdlavuza webele?

Imithi eqondile yomdlavuza webele iyindlela yokwelapha ehlaziya izici zamangqamuzana nezofuzo zomdlavuza wakho othile. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa lolu lwazi ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuqondiwe okungenzeka ukuthi kuzosebenza ngempumelelo ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza webele.

Le ndlela idlula ukubheka usayizi nendawo yomdlavuza wakho. Esikhundleni salokho, ihlola amaseli omdlavuza ngaphansi kwe-microscope futhi iqhuba izivivinyo zofuzo ukuze iqonde ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ukhula futhi usabalala kanjani. Umgomo uwukukufanisa nokwelashwa okuqondise izindlela ezithile umdlavuza wakho ozisebenzisela ukusinda nokuzala.

Iphrofayili yezakhi zofuzo yomdlavuza wakho isebenza njengophawu oluyingqayizivele kumdlavuza wakho. Eminye imidlavaza yomdlavuza webele ithembele kumahomoni afana ne-estrogen ukuze ikhule, kanti eminye inamaprotheni amaningi kakhulu abizwa nge-HER2. Eminye isenokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okwenza ukuthi isabele kangcono emithini ethile. Ngokuhlonza lezi zici, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakhetha ukwelashwa okuhlasela izindawo ezibuthakathaka zomdlavuza wakho.

Kungani kwenziwa imithi eqondile yomdlavuza webele?

Imithi eqondile isiza odokotela ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu ngenkathi begwema ukwelashwa okungenakwenzeka ukuthi kusebenze ngomdlavuza wakho othile. Le ndlela ingathuthukisa imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa futhi inciphise imiphumela engadingekile evela emithini engeke ikuzuzise.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele kwendabuko ngokuvamile kwakuhlanganisa ukuzama ukwelashwa okujwayelekile nokubona ukuthi usabela kanjani. Ngemithi eqondile, odokotela bangabikezela ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungenzeka ukuthi kusebenze ngaphambi kokuthi uze uqale ukukuthatha. Lokhu konga isikhathi esibalulekile futhi kukusiza ukuthi ugweme umthelela ongokomzimba nowomzwelo wokwelashwa okungasebenzi.

Iphrofayili yezakhi zofuzo yomdlavuza wakho nayo ingasiza ekubikezeleni ukuthi ungalukhulu kangakanani futhi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ubuye emva kokwelashwa. Lolu lwazi lusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lithuthukise uhlelo lokwelashwa olubanzi olubhekana hhayi nje nomdlavuza wakho wamanje, kodwa futhi olusebenza ukuvimbela ukuphindeka kwesikhathi esizayo.

Yini inqubo yokuhlola imithi eqondile?

Ukuhlolwa kwemithi eqondile kuqala ngokuhlaziya isampula lezicubu zomdlavuza wakho, ngokuvamile elitholakala ngesikhathi se-biopsy yakho noma ukuhlinzwa. Ilebhu ihlola lezi zicubu isebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola izakhi zofuzo ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kutholwe izinguquko ezithile kanye nezici zamaseli akho omdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukuqoqa isampula lezicubu uma lingatholakali kakade ekuxilongweni kwakho kokuqala. Lesi sampula siya elebhu ekhethekile lapho ochwepheshe bakhipha khona i-DNA ne-RNA evela kumaseli akho omdlavuza. Bese benza izivivinyo eziphelele zezakhi zofuzo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukubeka iphrofayili yomdlavuza noma ukulandelana kwe-genomic, ukuthola izinguquko ezithile kanye namazinga amaprotheni.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile okusiza ukudweba isithombe esiphelele somdlavuza wakho:

• Ukuvivinywa kwama-hormone receptor ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ukhula yini ngokusabela ku-estrogen noma i-progesterone
• Ukuvivinywa kwe-HER2 protein ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza wakho unayo yini le protein ekhuthaza ukukhula
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-genetic mutation ukubheka izinguquko ezithile kumajini ahlobene nomdlavuza
• Ukuvivinywa komthwalo wokuguqulwa komdlavuza ukubona ukuthi mingaki izinguquko ze-genetic umdlavuza wakho onazo
• Ukuvivinywa kwe-Microsatellite instability ukuhlola izinkinga zokulungisa i-DNA

Inqubo yonke yokuhlola ivame ukuthatha isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili, nakuba eminye imiphumela ingase itholakale ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobuyekeza yonke imiphumela ndawonye ukuze lenze uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha olwenzelwe wena.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa komuthi oqondile?

Ukuhlolwa okuningi komuthi oqondile kudinga izicubu ebezivele ziqoqwe ngesikhathi se-biopsy yakho noma ukuhlinzwa, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile awudingi ukulungiselela okukhethekile. Nokho, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukuthola amasampula engeziwe ezicubu uma isampula lokuqala lingafaneleki ekuhlolweni okubanzi.

Uma udinga isampula elisha lezicubu, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizochaza inqubo ethile kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulungiselela okudingekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-needle biopsy noma inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa, kuye ngendawo nokufinyeleleka komdlavuza wakho.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlolwa kuqale, kuyasiza ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nomlando womndeni wakho womdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele, we-ovari, neminye imidlava ehlobene. Lolu lwazi lungasiza umeluleki wakho we-genetic kanye ne-oncologist ukuthi bahumushe imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ngokunembile. Ungase futhi ufune ukulungisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ukuhlolwa kuzodalulani nokuthi kungase kulithinte kanjani izinketho zakho zokwelapha.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yomuthi oqondile?

Umbiko wakho womuthi oqondile uzobona izinguquko ezithile ze-genetic, amazinga amaprotheni, nezinye izici zamaseli akho omdlavuza. I-oncologist yakho izochaza ukuthi ukutholwa ngakunye kusho ukuthini ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha kanye ne-prognosis.

Umbiko ngokuvamile uhlanganisa imininingwane mayelana nezamukeli ze-hormone, ezikutshela ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ukhula yini ngokusabela ku-estrogen noma i-progesterone. Uma umdlavuza wakho une-hormone receptor-positive, cishe uzohlomula ekwelashweni okuvimba ama-hormone. Uma une-hormone receptor-negative, lokhu kwelashwa ngeke kusebenze kuwe.

Isimo se-HER2 esinye isitholakalo esibalulekile embikweni wakho. Cishe ama-20% emdlavuza wamabele anama-protein e-HER2 amaningi kakhulu, okwenza akhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, le midlavuza ivame ukusabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni okuqondiwe njenge-trastuzumab (Herceptin) evimba ngqo i-HER2.

Umbiko wakho ungase futhi ukhombe izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezithinta ukukhethwa kokwelashwa. Ezinye izinguquko zenza imidlavaza ithambekele ekusabeleni emithini ethile ye-chemotherapy noma ekwelashweni okuqondiwe. Ezinye zingase zikhombe ukuthi umdlavuza wakho unengozi ephezulu noma ephansi yokusabalala noma ukubuya ngemva kokwelashwa.

Umthwalo wokuguqulwa komdlavuza, noma i-TMB, ukutshela ukuthi zingaki izinguquko zofuzo umdlavuza wakho onazo ngokujwayelekile. Imidlavaza ene-TMB ephezulu ngezinye izikhathi isabela kangcono ekwelashweni kwe-immunotherapy okusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuba alwe nomdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi lolu lwazi lusebenza kanjani esimweni sakho esithile.

Ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho komuthi oqondile?

Ukusebenza eduze nethimba lakho le-oncology kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola inzuzo enkulu ezindleleni zomuthi oqondile. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kufanele lubuyekezwe njalo futhi lulungiswe ngokusekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza wakho usabela kanjani kanye nanoma yiziphi izithombe ezintsha zokuhlolwa.

Hlala ubambe iqhaza ezinqumweni zakho zokwelashwa ngokubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani ukwelashwa okuthile kunconywa ngephrofayili yofuzo yomdlavuza wakho. Ukuqonda ukucabanga okusemuva kohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu futhi uhlanganyele ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Cabanga ngokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ezihambisana nezici zakho zofuzo zomdlavuza. Ukwelashwa okuningi kwemithi eqondile kuqala ukutholakala ngezivivinyo zomtholampilo, futhi ukubamba iqhaza kungakunika ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okusha okungakatholakali kabanzi.

Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yezimpendulo zakho zokwelashwa kanye nanoma yimaphi imiphumela emibi oyitholayo. Lolu lwazi lusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lilungise kahle uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa futhi lenze izinguquko njengoba kudingeka. Ezinye izindlela zemithi eqondile zihilela ukushintshana phakathi kokwelashwa okuhlukene okuqondiwe ngokuya ngokuthi umdlavuza wakho uphendula kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Iyini indlela engcono kakhulu yemithi eqondile?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yemithi eqondile incike ngokuphelele ezicini zakho zofuzo zomdlavuza kanye nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele. Akukho okwelashwa okukodwa “okungcono” okusebenzela wonke umuntu, okuyilokho kanye okwenza imithi eqondile ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngemidlavuza yamabele enama-hormone receptor-positive, indlela engcono kakhulu ivame ukubandakanya ukwelashwa okuvimba ama-hormone okuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa okuqondiwe okuhambisana nokuguqulwa okuthile kwethumba lakho. Lokhu kwelashwa kungasebenza kahle ekulawuleni ukukhula komdlavuza ngenkathi kubangela imiphumela emibi embalwa kune-chemotherapy yendabuko.

Imidlavuza yamabele ye-HER2-positive ngokuvamile iphendula kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni okuqondiwe njenge-trastuzumab, pertuzumab, kanye nama-antibody-drug conjugates amasha. Lokhu kwelashwa kuqondiswe ngqo kuphrotheni ye-HER2 futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu imiphumela kubantu abanalesi sifo somdlavuza.

Imidlavuza yamabele ye-Triple-negative, engenawo ama-hormone receptors kanye ne-HER2, ngokuvamile idinga izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zemithi eqondile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase lifune ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuthile njenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, okungenza le midlavuza iphendule kangcono emithini ethile ye-chemotherapy noma ama-PARP inhibitors.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokwehluleka kokwelashwa ngemithi eqondile?

Ezinye izinto zingenza ukwelashwa ngemithi enembile kungasebenzi kahle, nakuba eziningi zazo zingalawulwa ngokubheka ngokucophelela nokulungiswa kokwelashwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto eziyingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lithuthukise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Amaseli omdlavuza angase akhe ukumelana nokwelashwa okuqondiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuthola izinguquko ezintsha noma athole ezinye izindlela zokukhula. Yingakho udokotela wakho engase ancome ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe umdlavuza wakho ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze abone ukuthi iphrofayili yawo yofuzo ishintshile yini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Izinto eziningana zingathonya ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemithi enembile kusebenza kahle kangakanani kuwe:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe okwenzeke ngaphambilini okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele izinguquko ezengeziwe zofuzo emdlavuzeni wakho
• Izimo zempilo eziphelele ezithinta indlela umzimba wakho oqhubula ngayo imithi
• Isigaba nobubanzi bomdlavuza wakho lapho kuqala ukwelashwa ngemithi enembile
• Umdlavuza wakho ukhula futhi usabalala ngokushesha kangakanani
• Ukuba khona kwezinguquko zofuzo eziningi ezenza ukukhethwa kokwelashwa kube nzima kakhulu

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza ukunciphisa lezi zinto eziyingozi futhi lilungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Ukubheka njalo nokuxhumana nabahlinzeki bakho bezempilo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zemithi enembile.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nezinguquko eziqondiwe noma ezingaqondiwe?

Ukuba nezinguquko eziqondiwe emdlavuzeni wakho wamabele ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuzuzisayo ngoba kusho ukuthi kukhona imithi ethile eyenzelwe ukuhlasela lezo zinguquko zofuzo ezithile. Nokho, kokubili izinguquko eziqondiwe nezingaqondiwe zingelashwa ngempumelelo ngezindlela zamanje zemithi enembile.

Ukuguqulwa okungaqondiswe kungenziwa izinguquko zofuzo lapho ososayensi beye baqamba khona imithi ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umdlavuza wakho une-PIK3CA mutation, ungase uzuze emithini efana ne-alpelisib eqondise ngqo le ndlela. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha eziqondisiwe zivame ukubangela imiphumela emibi embalwa kune-chemotherapy yendabuko ngenkathi isebenza kahle kakhulu ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho oluthile.

Ukuguqulwa okungaqondiswe akunawo imithi ethile eyenzelwe yona okwamanje, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi izinketho zakho zokwelashwa zikhawulelwe. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingasebenzisa lolu lwazi lofuzo ukuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha, njengokukhetha imithi ye-chemotherapy esebenza kangcono ngemidlavuza enamaphethini athile okuguqulwa.

Umkhakha wemithi eqondile uyashintsha ngokushesha, futhi abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha eziqondisiwe. Ukuguqulwa okubhekwa njengokungaqondiswe namuhla kungase kube nokwelashwa okuthile okutholakala esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzokugcina unolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha ezintsha ezitholakala ngephrofayili yofuzo yomdlavuza wakho.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa kwemithi eqondile?

Ukwelashwa kwemithi eqondile kungabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba ivame ukulawuleka kakhulu kune-chemotherapy yendabuko. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela futhi lilungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka ukunciphisa izinkinga.

Ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kungabangela imiphumela emibi ethile ehlobene namaprotheni noma izindlela abazivimbayo. Ngokwesibonelo, imithi eqondiswe yi-HER2 ingase ngezinye izikhathi ithinte ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, kuyilapho ukwelashwa okuvimba amahomoni kungase kubangele izimpawu zokuya esikhathini noma ukuncipha kwamathambo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha le miphumela futhi anikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo njengoba kudingeka.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kwemithi eqondile zingabangela izinkinga ezidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela:

• Ukwenza isikhumba njengesibhamu noma ukuzwela elangeni okuvela ekwelashweni okuthile okuhloswe ngakho
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezivela emithini ethile yomlomo eqondiwe
• Ushintsho ekubalweni kwegazi oludinga ukulungiswa komthamo noma ukuphazamiseka kokwelashwa
• Ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwesibindi okudinga ukuqashwa ngezivivinyo zegazi ezivamile
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obungase buthinte imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke

Imiphumela eminingi emibi evela ekwelashweni komuthi oqondile ilawuleka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo nokulungiswa komthamo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza nawe ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zomuthi onganele oqondile?

Ngaphandle kwezindlela zomuthi oqondile, ungase uthole ukwelashwa okungasebenzi kahle ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza webele. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphenduleni kokwelashwa okubambezelekile, imiphumela emibi engadingekile, kanye nemiphumela engase ibe mibi.

Ukusebenzisa indlela eyodwa elingana bonke kusho ukuthi ungase uphuthelwe ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngakho okungase kusebenze kangcono kuphrofayili yakho yofuzo yomdlavuza. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza wakho une-HER2 overexpression kodwa lokhu kungatholakali, ungase ungatholi imithi eqondiswe ku-HER2 engathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yakho.

Umuthi onganele oqondile ungaqeda ngemiphumela eminingi ekhathazayo:

• Ukuthola i-chemotherapy lapho ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngakho kungasebenza kangcono futhi kubangele imiphumela emibi embalwa
• Ukuphuthelwa amathuba okwelashwa okuvimba amahomoni emidlavuzeni e-hormone receptor-positive
• Ukuhlonzwa okubambezelekile kwezifo zomdlavuza eziqhamuka ngofuzo ezithinta ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa
• Ukulandelana kokwelashwa okungahambisani kahle okunciphisa ukusebenza kokwelashwa kamuva
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokuphindeka komdlavuza ngenxa yokukhethwa kokwelashwa kokuqala okunganele

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imithi eqondile iba yindlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha umdlavuza wamabele. Izikhungo eziningi zomdlavuza manje zivame ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ukuze ngithole ukubonisana ngemithi eqondile?

Kufanele uxoxe ngezinketho zemithi eqondile nodokotela wakho we-oncologist ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemuva kokutholwa komdlavuza wamabele. Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwasekuqaleni kanye nokwenza iphrofayili yomdlavuza kungasiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zakho zokuqala zokwelashwa futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela yakho iyonke.

Uma ungakabi nokuhlolwa okubanzi kwezakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza wakho, kufanelekile ukubuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngalezi zinketho. Noma ngabe usuqalile ukwelashwa, ukuhlolwa kwemithi eqondile kusanikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho kwamanje noma ukuhlela ukwelashwa okuzayo.

Cabangela ukufuna ukubonisana ngemithi eqondile uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo:

• Ukwelashwa kwakho kwamanje akusebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile
• Uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi evela ekwelashweni okujwayelekile
• Umdlavuza wakho ubuyile ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala
• Unomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamabele, ama-ovari, noma eminye imidlava ehlotshanayo
• Unentshisekelo yokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo yezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha eziqondiwe

Izikhungo eziningi zomdlavuza zinezinhlelo zemithi eqondile ezinongoti abagxila ngqo ekufananiseni iziguli nezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe ezifanele kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zingaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma unohlobo olungavamile noma oluyinkimbinkimbi lomdlavuza wamabele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngemithi eqondile yomdlavuza wamabele

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwemithi eqondile kukhokhelwa ngumshuwalense?

Izinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense, okuhlanganisa i-Medicare, zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa komuthi onembile womdlavuza webele uma kuthathwa njengokudingekayo ngokwezokwelapha yi-oncologist yakho. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kungahluka ngokuya ngohlelo lwakho lomshuwalense oluthile kanye nohlobo lokuhlolwa olunconyiwe.

Ihhovisi leqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umshuwalense wakho uhlanganisa ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuhlolwa. Izinkampani eziningi zokuhlola nazo zinikeza izinhlelo zosizo lwezezimali uma ubhekene nezinselelo zokuhlanganiswa. Ungavumeli izindleko zikuvimbele ukuthi uxoxe ngezinketho zomuthi onembile nodokotela wakho.

Q.2 Ingabe umuthi onembile usebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele?

Izindlela zomuthi onembile zingazuza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele, nakuba ukwelashwa okuthile okutholakalayo kuhluka ngokuya ngezici zofuzo zomdlavuza wakho. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele zinezinketho zokwelashwa eziqondiwe ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinye.

Imidlavaza yomdlavuza webele engathathi hlangothi kathathu, eyayinesibalo esincane sezinketho zokwelashwa eziqondiwe, iyazuza ngokuqhubekayo ezindleleni zomuthi onembile. Abacwaningi bathola izinhloso ezintsha zofuzo futhi bathuthukisa ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo ngalo mdlavuza onzima.

Q.3 Kufanele ukuhlolwa komuthi onembile kuphindwe kangaki?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuphindwayo uma umdlavuza wakho uyeka ukuphendula ekwelashweni kwamanje noma uma ubuyela emva kwesikhathi sokuxolelwa. Amaseli omdlavuza angathola izinguquko ezintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ukuhlolwa kofuzo okubuyekeziwe kungadalula izinketho ezintsha zokwelashwa.

Isikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphindwayo sincike esimweni sakho ngasinye nokuthi umdlavuza wakho usabela kanjani ekwelashweni. I-oncologist yakho izokweluleka ngokuthi nini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungaba usizo esimweni sakho esithile.

Q.4 Ingabe umuthi onembile ungasiza ekuvikeleni ukuphindeka komdlavuza webele?

Umuthi oqondile ungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza webele uphinde ube khona ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa kokuqala okuphumelela kakhulu ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza. Okutholakele okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo nakho kuyasiza ukuqagela ingozi yokuphindeka futhi kuqondise izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa okwengeziwe kokuvimbela.

Isibonelo, izivivinyo ezithile zezakhi zofuzo zingasiza ukunquma ukuthi ungazuza yini ekwelashweni ngamaphilisi ama-hormone isikhathi eside noma ekwelashweni okwengeziwe ngamakhemikhali ukunciphisa ingozi yokuphindeka. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukudala uhlelo olubanzi lokusinda olwenzelwe izidingo zakho.

Q.5 Kwenzekani uma kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondiwe okutholakalayo ngezinguquko zomdlavuza wami?

Noma ngabe ukwelashwa okuqondiwe okuthile akutholakali ngezinguquko zomdlavuza wakho, imininingwane yezakhi zofuzo isabalulekile ekuhleleni ukwelashwa. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukukhetha izinhlelo ezifanele kakhulu zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma licabangele izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezihlola ukwelashwa okusha okuqondiwe.

Umkhakha womuthi oqondile uyashintsha ngokushesha, ngemithi emisha eqondiwe ethuthukiswa njalo. Udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza uzokugcina unolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa ezivelayo ezingase zitholakale ngephrofayili yakho yezakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza esikhathini esizayo.