Yini i-Prostate Biopsy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-prostate biopsy iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho udokotela wakho ethatha amasampula amancane ezicubu ezivela endleni yakho ye-prostate ukuze aziyihlole ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lolu vivinyo lusiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona yini ku-prostate yakho, ekunikeza wena nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo izimpendulo ezicacile ozidingayo ukuze uqhubeke ngokuzethemba.

Ngenkathi igama elithi "biopsy" lingase lizwakale lingaphezu kwamandla, le nqubo empeleni ivamile futhi iyaphathwa. Izinkulungwane zamadoda athatha ama-biopsy e-prostate minyaka yonke, futhi iningi lithola ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kulula kakhulu kunalokho ababekulindele ekuqaleni.

Yini i-prostate biopsy?

I-prostate biopsy ihlanganisa ukususa izingcezu ezincane zezicubu ezivela endleni yakho ye-prostate ukuze zihlaziwe e-laboratory. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa inaliti encane, engenalutho ukuqoqa lawa masampula, ngokuvamile ethatha ama-cores ezicubu eziyi-10-12 ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukene ze-prostate.

I-prostate iyigland engosayizi wama-walnut ehlala ngaphansi kwesinye sakho futhi izungeze ingxenye ye-urethra yakho. Uma odokotela besola izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi noma ekuhlolweni komzimba, i-biopsy inikeza indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi kwenzakalani ngempela ezicutshini ngokwazo.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuthola impendulo eqinisekile kunokuthi uqhubeke uzibuza. Amasampula ezicubu embula ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana ajwayelekile, abonisa izimpawu zokuvuvukala, aqukethe izinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza, noma abonisa umdlavuza.

Kungani kwenziwa i-prostate biopsy?

Udokotela wakho uncoma i-prostate biopsy lapho kudingeka ukuthi baphenye izinkathazo ezingaba khona ngempilo yakho ye-prostate. Isizathu esivamile kakhulu yi-PSA (i-prostate-specific antigen) ekhuphukile ekuvivinyweni kwegazi lakho noma ukutholwa okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal.

Amazingo le-PSA lingakhuphuka ngezizathu eziningi ngaphandle komdlavuza, okuhlanganisa i-benign prostatic hyperplasia (i-prostate ekhulisiwe), i-prostatitis (ukuqubuka), noma ngisho nomsebenzi womzimba wakamuva. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-PSA ephakeme ngokuqhubekayo noma ekhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-biopsy isiza ukuthola imbangela eqondile.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela batusa ama-biopsy lapho izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe njenge-MRI zikhombisa izindawo ezisolisayo ku-prostate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza we-prostate noma uphethe izinguquko ezithile zofuzo, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuqapha okuningi okungabandakanya ama-biopsy.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, odokotela bangase batusa i-biopsy ephindwayo uma imiphumela yangaphambilini ingaqinisekile noma uma bethola amaseli angajwayelekile adinga ukucwaningwa okwengeziwe.

Yini inqubo ye-prostate biopsy?

Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yi-transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, lapho udokotela wakho esebenzisa i-ultrasound probe efakwe ngendlela yakho ukuze aqondise ukubekwa kwenelidi. Ngokuvamile uzolala ngohlangothi lwakho ngesikhathi sale nqubo yemizuzu engu-15-20.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala enze i-ultrasound ukuze abone i-prostate yakho futhi athole izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthatha amasampula. Bese bazosebenzisa isibhamu se-biopsy esilayishwe entwasahlobo ukuze baqoqe ngokushesha amasampula ezicubu, okwenza umsindo omfushane wokuchofoza nomuzwa wokucindezela okwesikhashana.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngokuqhelekile ngesikhathi senqubo:

1. Uzothola ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka
2. I-anesthetic yendawo ifakwa ngaphakathi kwe-prostate ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki
3. I-ultrasound probe ifakwa ukuze iqondise inqubo
4. Amasampula ezicubu angu-12-15 aqoqwa ezindaweni ezihlukene ze-prostate
5. Amasampula athunyelwa ngokushesha elabhorethri ukuze ahlaziywe

Abanye odokotela manje basebenzisa ama-biopsy aqondiswa yi-MRI, angakwazi ukuqondisa izindawo ezithile ezisolisayo ngokunembile. Le ndlela ingase ihilele ubuchwepheshe be-MRI-ultrasound fusion noma ukuqondiswa okuqondile kwe-MRI ngesikhathi senqubo.

Indlela engavamile kakhulu yi-transperineal biopsy, lapho amasampula athathwa ngesikhumba esiphakathi kwescrotum yakho kanye nendawo yakho yangasese. Le ndlela inganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kodwa ngokuvamile idinga i-anesthesia eningi.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-prostate biopsy yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-prostate biopsy yakho kuhlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ezisiza ukuqinisekisa kokubili ukuphepha nokunethezeka. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa amalungiselelo amaningi aqondile futhi alawuleka.

Ngokuvamile uzoqala ukuthatha ama-antibiotics usuku olulodwa kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kwe-biopsy yakho ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Kubalulekile ukuthatha lokhu ngendlela eqondile njengoba kunqunywe, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile ngokuphelele.

Nawa amasu ajwayelekile okulungiselela iqembu lakho lezempilo elizokuqondisa ngalo:

• Yeka ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-aspirin noma i-warfarin njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kwale nqubo
• Qedela noma yimuphi umsebenzi wegazi noma izifundo zokucabanga ngaphambili
• Sebenzisa i-enema yokuhlanza ekuseni kwe-biopsy yakho uma kunconyiwe
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile ezenzelwe ukuqokwa kwakho

Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza uhlu lwakho olugcwele lwemithi futhi angakucela ukuthi uyeke okwesikhashana izithasiselo ezithile noma imithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Ungayeki noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esithile esivela eqenjini lakho lezempilo.

Uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nokukhathazeka noma ukungakhululeki, xoxa lokhu ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho. Bavame ukunikeza ezinye izinketho zokuphatha ubuhlungu noma ukuthulisa okuncane ukukusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-prostate biopsy?

Imiphumela yakho ye-biopsy ngokuvamile ibuya phakathi nesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili, futhi udokotela wakho uzohlela ukuqokwa okulandelayo ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela ngemininingwane. Ukuqonda le miphumela kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho ukuqhubela phambili.

Uchwepheshe wezifo uhlola amasampula akho ezicubu futhi anikeze umbiko ophelele ngalokho akutholile. Imiphumela ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana, ngasinye sinemiphumela ehlukene empilweni yakho.

Nakhu okushiwo imiphumela ehlukene ye-biopsy:

• Izicubu ezijwayelekile: Akutholakali amaseli omdlavuza, nakuba lokhu kungakukhiphi ukuba khona komdlavuza ezindaweni ezingahloliwe
• I-Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Izicubu ze-prostate ezikhulisiwe ngaphandle kwamaseli omdlavuza
• I-Prostatitis: Ukuvuvukala ezicutshini ze-prostate, okuvame ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics
• Amaseli angajwayelekile: Amaseli angajwayelekile angacacile ukuthi anomdlavuza, angase adinge i-biopsy ephindwayo
• I-High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN): Ushintsho olungaphambi komdlavuza oludinga ukuqashwa
• Umdlavuza we-Prostate: Amaseli omdlavuza akhona, enolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlasela

Uma umdlavuza utholakala, umbiko wakho uzohlanganisa i-Gleason score, elinganisela ukuthi umdlavuza ubonakala uhlasela kangakanani. Ama-Gleason score aphansi (6-7) asikisela imidlazva ekhula kancane, kuyilapho ama-score aphezulu (8-10) abonisa izimila ezinolaka olukhulu.

Umbiko uphinde uqaphele ukuthi zingaki izinhlayiya ze-biopsy ezinomdlavuza nokuthi yiliphi iphesenti le-core ngalinye elithintekile. Lolu lwazi lusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi linqume izinga nobukhulu banoma yimuphi umdlavuza okhona.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zemiphumela engajwayelekile ye-prostate biopsy?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela engajwayelekile ku-prostate biopsy. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ukubeka isimo sakho ngasinye embonweni futhi kuqondise izinqumo zakho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ubudala buyisici esiyingozi esibaluleke kakhulu, ngomdlavuza we-prostate oqala ukuvama ngemva kweminyaka engama-50. Nokho, ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothuthukisa izinkinga, futhi amadoda amaningi anezici eziyingozi eziningi awaze athuthukise izinkinga ezingathi sína ze-prostate.

Izinto eziyingozi ezaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-50: Ingozi iyanda kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokuphila
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba noyihlo noma umfowenu onomdlavuza wendlala yesinye kwandisa ingozi yakho ngokuphindwe kabili
• Uhlanga nobuzwe: Amadoda ase-Afrika-American anamazinga aphezulu omdlavuza wendlala yesinye
• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo: I-BRCA1, BRCA2, nezinye izinguquko zofuzo ezizuzwe ngokuqhubekayo ziyakwandisa ingozi
• Ukudla okunenyama ebomvu nemikhiqizo yobisi eningi: Kungase kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwengozi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Izinto eziyingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambilini endaweni ye-pelvic, nokuba ne-Lynch syndrome noma ezinye izifo eziyingozi eziqhubekayo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezinye izinto zingase zivikele, okuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ukudla okunemifino nezinhlanzi eziningi, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo. Kodwa-ke, ngisho namadoda anezinto ezivikelayo angase athuthukise izinkinga zendlala yesinye.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-prostate biopsy?

Ngenkathi ama-biopsies e-prostate ngokuvamile eyizinqubo eziphephile, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingaba khona ukuze ukwazi ukuzibona futhi ufune ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka. Amadoda amaningi athola imiphumela emincane, yesikhashana kuphela ethatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi ilulame.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zithambile futhi ziyalawuleka ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqapha. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo enemininingwane mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungabiza nini usizo.

Nazi izinkinga okufanele uzazi:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi: Igazi emchameni, endleni yokuzitholela, noma emanzini ocansi izinsuku eziningana kuya emavikini
• Ukutheleleka: Umkhuhlane, amakhaza, noma ukusha ngesikhathi sokuchama
• Ubunzima bokuchama: Izinkinga zesikhashana ngokuchama noma ukugcinwa komchamo
• Ukuphatheka kabi: Ukuba buhlungu endaweni ye-rectal noma i-pelvis izinsuku ezimbalwa
• Ukuphendula kwe-Vasovagal: Isiyezi sesikhashana noma ukuquleka ngesikhathi senqubo

Izinkinga ezinzima azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya ukutheleleka okukhulu okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu okudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha, noma ukugcinwa komchamo okude. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1-2% wezinqubo.

Igazi emanzini akho ocansi livamile ikakhulukazi futhi lingahlala amasonto amaningana noma izinyanga ngemuva kwe-biopsy. Ngenkathi kuthusa ukukubona, lokhu kuvame ukungalimazi futhi kulungiseka kancane kancane ngokwako.

Ngokuvamile, amadoda angase abe nokusabela komzimba ngemithi elwa namagciwane noma ama-anesthetics endawo asetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lihlolwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemuva kwe-prostate biopsy?

Ukwelulama okuningi ku-prostate biopsy kuqondile, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ungathintana nini nethimba lakho lezempilo kukunika ukuzethemba futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga zixazululwa ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile mayelana nokunakekelwa okulandelayo nezimpawu zokuxwayisa.

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C), ngoba lokhu kungase kubonise ukutheleleka okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotics. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi umkhuhlane uyazixazulula yini ngokwawo.

Nazi izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu noma amaqhafuza: Izimpawu zokutheleleka okungase kudingeke ukwelashwa ngokushesha
• Ukungakwazi ukuchama: Ukugcinwa komchamo okuphelele okudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha
• Ukuphuma kwegazi eliningi: Igazi eliqhubekayo, eliningi emchameni elingathuthuki
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu: Ubuhlungu obungalawulwa ngemithi enconyiwe
• Izimpawu ze-sepsis: Ukuzizwa ugula kakhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukudideka, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula

Kufanele futhi ushayele udokotela wakho ngezimpawu ezingaphuthumi kakhulu kodwa ezikhathazayo njengokusha okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuchama, amahlule egazi emchameni aqhubeka ngaphezu kosuku lokuqala, noma ukungakhululeki okwanda kunokuthuthuka kancane kancane.

Ngokuvamile, uzoba nokuqokwa okulandelayo okuhlelelwe phakathi neviki elilodwa kuya kwamabili ukuze uxoxe ngemiphumela yakho ye-biopsy. Kodwa-ke, unganqikazi ukushaya ucingo ngokushesha uma unemibuzo noma izinkathazo mayelana nokululama kwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-biopsy ye-prostate

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy ye-prostate kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza?

I-biopsy ye-prostate njengamanje iyindinganiso yegolide yokuxilonga umdlavuza we-prostate futhi inikeza imiphumela enembile kakhulu lapho umdlavuza ukhona ezindaweni ezihlolwe. Ukuhlolwa kulihlonza ngendlela efanele umdlavuza cishe kuma-95% wamacala lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhona emasampulini ezicubu athathiwe.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-biopsy engemihle ayiqinisekisi ukungabikho komdlavuza kuyo yonke i-prostate yakho. Njengoba izinaliti zithatha izingxenye ezincane kuphela zendlala, umdlavuza ungase ube khona ezindaweni ezingazange zihlolwe. Yingakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bencoma ama-biopsy aphindwayo uma ukusola kuhlala kuphezulu naphezu kwemiphumela yokuqala engemihle.

Q.2 Ingabe i-PSA ephezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi isho ukuthi ngidinga i-biopsy?

Amazingi e-PSA aphezulu awasho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi udinga i-biopsy, njengoba izinto eziningi ngaphandle komdlavuza zingakhuphula i-PSA. Udokotela wakho ucabangela iminyaka yakho, ukuthambekela kwe-PSA ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlando womndeni, nezinye izinto eziyingozi lapho enza izincomo ze-biopsy.

Amanye amadoda ane-PSA ekhuphukile anezimo ezingezinhle njenge-prostate enwetshiwe noma i-prostatitis. Udokotela wakho angase aqale azame ukwelapha lezi zimo noma aqaphe izinguquko ze-PSA ezinyangeni eziningana ngaphambi kokuncoma i-biopsy.

Q.3 Ubuhlungu obungakanani i-prostate biopsy?

Amadoda amaningi achaza ukungakhululeki kwe-prostate biopsy njengokulingene futhi okufushane, okufana nokuthola imigomo eminingi ngokushesha. I-anesthetic yendawo inciphisa kakhulu ubuhlungu, futhi ukuthatha amasampula ngempela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ngakunye.

Kungenzeka uzwe ingcindezi futhi uzwe imisindo yokuqhekeka njengoba amasampula ethathwa, kodwa ubuhlungu obukhulu abavamile. Amadoda amaningi abika ukuthi ukulindela inqubo kwakucindezela kakhulu kunokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela. Udokotela wakho angahlinzeka ngokuphathwa kobuhlungu obengeziwe uma ukhathazekile kakhulu.

Q.4 Ngingakwazi yini ukubuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile ngemva kwe-prostate biopsy?

Ngokuvamile ungaqala kabusha imisebenzi eminingi ejwayelekile phakathi kwama-24-48 amahora ngemva kwe-biopsy yakho, nakuba udokotela wakho ezohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile esekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye. Imisebenzi elula efana nokuhamba nomsebenzi wedeski ivame ukuba kahle ngosuku olulandelayo inqubo yakho.

Kuzodingeka ukuthi ugweme ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, ukuzivocavoca okukhulu, nomsebenzi wezocansi cishe isonto elilodwa ukuze uvumele ukuphulukiswa okufanele. Ukubhukuda nokugeza kufanele kugwenywe izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka, nakuba ukushawa kuvamile.

Q.5 Kwenzekani uma i-biopsy yami ikhombisa umdlavuza?

Uma i-biopsy yakho yembula umdlavuza, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoxoxa ngazo zonke izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nobuhlobo bomdlavuza, iminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, nezintandokazi zakho. Imidlava eminingi ye-prostate ikhula kancane futhi ingase ingadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izinketho zokwelapha zisukela ekugadeni okusebenzayo (ukuqapha ngokucophelela) ngomdlavuza onengozi ephansi kuya ekuhlinzweni, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ukwelashwa ngamahomoni ngemidlavuza enobudlova obuningi. Uzoba nesikhathi sokucabangela izinketho zakho futhi ufune imibono yesibili uma ufisa. Khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye kuthuthuke kakhulu, futhi amadoda amaningi aphila impilo egcwele, ejwayelekile ngemva kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa.