Iyini i-Prothrombin Time Test? Inhloso, Amazinga, Inqubo & Imiphumela

Ukuhlolwa kwe-prothrombin time kukala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani igazi lakho ukuthi ligqame. Lolu vivinyo olulula lwegazi lusiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ngabe uhlelo lwakho lokugqama kwegazi lusebenza kahle yini futhi luqapha ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokunciphisa igazi.

Cabanga ngokugqama kwegazi njengomdanso ohlanganiswe ngokucophelela. Uma ulimala, umzimba wakho udinga ukwakha i-clot ngokushesha okwanele ukuyeka ukopha, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha kangangokuthi idala ama-clots ayingozi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho yegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-prothrombin time kunikeza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo iwindi kuleli bhalansi elibucayi.

Iyini i-prothrombin time test?

I-Prothrombin time (PT) iyisivivinyo segazi esikala ukuthi igazi lakho ligqama ngokushesha kangakanani. Ikhomba ngqo amaprotheni egazini lakho abizwa ngokuthi ama-clotting factors, asebenza ndawonye ukuvimbela ukopha uma ulimele.

Uvivinyo lugxila kuphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-prothrombin, eyenziwa yisibindi sakho. Uma uqala ukopha, i-prothrombin iguqulela ku-thrombin, esiza ukwakha imicu ye-fibrin edala i-clot yegazi. Uma le nqubo ithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu noma yenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, ingabonisa izinkinga zempilo.

Imiphumela ivame ukubikwa njenge-INR (International Normalized Ratio), ehlanganisa imiphumela kuwo wonke amalabhorethri ahlukene. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngodokotela wakho ukuqhathanisa imiphumela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi alungise imithi uma kudingeka.

Kungani kwenziwa i-prothrombin time test?

Udokotela wakho u-oda lolu vivinyo ukuqapha imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-warfarin noma ukuhlola izinkinga zokopha. Ingenye yezindlela ezivamile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokugqama kwegazi lusebenza ngokuphepha.

Uma uthatha imithi elwa nokuvuvukala, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT okuvamile kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi athole umthamo ofanele. Imithi emincane kakhulu ingase ingavimbeli ama-clots ayingozi, kuyilapho eningi kakhulu ingase ibangele ukopha ngokweqile. Uvivinyo lusiza ukushaya lelo bhalansi elibalulekile.

Lolu vivinyo lusiza futhi ukuxilonga izinkinga zesibindi njengoba isibindi sakho sikhiqiza iningi lezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi. Lapho ukusebenza kwesibindi kwehla, kuvame ukuvela njengezikhathi ezinde zokujiya kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela balusebenzisela ukuhlola ukuntuleka kwevithamini K, okuthinta izinto eziningana ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi.

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okuthile, ithimba lakho lezempilo lingase li-ode leli vivinyo ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi ngeke ube nokopha ngokweqile ngesikhathi senqubo. Liphinde libe usizo ekuphenyeni ukulimala noma izigameko zokopha ezingachazeki.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-prothrombin?

Uvivinyo lwesikhathi se-prothrombin luyindlela eqondile yokudonsa igazi ethatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Uchwepheshe wezempilo uzoqoqa isampula elincane legazi emthanjeni engalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti encane.

Okokuqala, bazohlanza indawo ngento yokubulala amagciwane futhi bangase babophe ibhande engalweni yakho engenhla ukuze benze imithambo ibonakale kalula. Uzozwa ukuchofoza okusheshayo lapho inaliti ingena, okufana nokugwazwa okuncane. Ukuqoqwa kwegazi kwangempela kuvame ukuthatha ngaphansi komzuzu.

Isampula legazi lingena ethubeni elikhethekile eliqukethe i-sodium citrate, evimbela igazi ukuthi lingajiyi ngokushesha. Lesi silondolozi sibalulekile ngoba ilebhu idinga ukulawula ngqo ukuthi inqubo yokujiya kwegazi iqala nini ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

E-laboratory, ochwepheshe banezela i-calcium kanye nesici sezicubu esampuleni lakho legazi, okuqala inqubo yokujiya kwegazi. Bese belinganisela ngokunembile ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iqhubu lakheke. Lesi sikhathi, esihlanganiswe namasampula okulawula, sinikeza umphumela wakho we-PT.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwesikhathi se-prothrombin?

Abantu abaningi abadingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile ukuze bahlolwe isikhathi se-prothrombin. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekunikeza imiyalelo ethile.

Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukutshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo. Imithi eminingi ingathinta izikhathi zokuqina kwegazi, okuhlanganisa i-aspirin, ama-antibiotics, kanye nezithasiselo zemvelo. Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi ebekiwe ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi bayazi konke okusebenzisayo.

Uma uthatha i-warfarin noma ezinye izinciphisi zegazi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yokuhlela isikhathi. Bangase bakufune ukuthi uthathe imithi yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke futhi ube negazi elidonswayo ngezikhathi ezifanayo ukuze uthole ukuqapha okunembile.

Ukuphuza utshwala kungathinta nezici zokuqina kwegazi, ngakho-ke shono uma uphuze okuthile muva nje. Abanye abantu bakuthola kusiza ukuhlala benamanzi ngaphambi kokudonswa kwegazi, ngoba lokhu kungenza inqubo ibe lula futhi ikhululeke.

Ungayifunda kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwesikhathi se-prothrombin?

Imiphumela yesikhathi se-prothrombin ivame ukubikwa ngamasekhondi, ngenani elijwayelekile elivela kumasekhondi ayi-11 kuya kwayi-13. Kodwa-ke, i-INR (International Normalized Ratio) ivame ukusiza kakhulu ekuchazeni imiphumela, ngenani elijwayelekile eliphakathi kuka-0.8 no-1.2.

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, i-INR yakho eqondiwe izoba phezulu kunokujwayelekile. Ezimweni eziningi ezidinga ukulwa nokuvuvukala, odokotela bahlose i-INR ephakathi kuka-2.0 no-3.0. Amanye ama-valve enhliziyo emishini adinga izinhloso eziphakeme nakakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi phakathi kuka-2.5 no-3.5.

I-PT ende noma i-INR ephakeme isho ukuthi igazi lakho lithatha isikhathi eside ukuba liqine kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi uthatha i-blood thinner eningi kakhulu, unezinkinga zesibindi, noma unentshisekelo ku-vitamin K. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha ukuze anqume imbangela.

I-PT emfushane kunokujwayelekile noma i-INR ephansi iphakamisa ukuthi igazi lakho liqina ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi umthamo wakho we-blood thinner uphansi kakhulu, noma ungase ube nezimo ezenza ingozi yokuqina kwegazi ikhule. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzolungisa ukwelashwa ngokufanele.

Ungazilungisa kanjani amazinga akho esikhathi se-prothrombin?

Ukulungisa amazinga angavamile e-prothrombin time kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho okubangela inkinga. Uma usebenzisa ama-blood thinners, udokotela wakho uzolungisa umthamo womuthi wakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yakho nasezimpawini.

Ngemazinga aphakeme e-PT/INR, udokotela wakho angase anciphise umthamo wakho we-warfarin noma ancome ukudla ukudla okunothile nge-vitamin K njengemifino enamahlamvu. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezinokuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, bangase bakunikeze imijovo ye-vitamin K noma i-plasma entsha eqandisiwe ukuze uguqule ngokushesha imiphumela.

Uma i-PT yakho imfishane kakhulu ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-blood thinners, udokotela wakho cishe uzoqhubeka nomthamo womuthi wakho. Bazobuye babuyekeze eminye imithi kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo, njengoba ezinye zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-blood thinner.

Lapho isifo sesibindi sibangela izikhathi ezingavamile zokujiya kwegazi, ukwelashwa kugxila ekusekeleni ukusebenza kwesibindi nasekulawuleni isimo esingaphansi. Lokhu kungabandakanya imithi, izinguquko ekudleni, noma ezimweni ezinzima, ukufakelwa kwesibindi.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin K kudinga izinguquko ekudleni noma izithasiselo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukudla imifino eluhlaza eningi, ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-vitamin K, noma ukubhekana nezimo ezingaphansi ezivimbela ukumuncwa okufanele kwe-vitamin.

Liyini izinga elingcono kakhulu le-prothrombin time?

Izinga elingcono kakhulu le-prothrombin time lincike esimweni sakho sempilo ngasinye nokuthi ngabe usebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Kubantu abangasebenzisi ama-anticoagulants, amanani ajwayelekile e-PT yemizuzwana engu-11-13 noma i-INR engu-0.8-1.2 ilungele.

Uma usebenzisa i-warfarin ye-atrial fibrillation noma amahlule egazi, udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzohlose i-INR ephakathi kuka-2.0 no-3.0. Lolu hlu luhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhle ekuqongekeni okuyingozi ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi. Umgomo wakho othile ungahluka ngokuya ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezici eziyingozi.

Abantu abanezivalve zenhliziyo ezingokwemishini bavame ukudinga izinhloso eziphakeme ze-INR, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-2.5 no-3.5. Lezi zivalve zokwenziwa zenza ingozi enkulu yokujiya kwegazi, ngakho-ke ukulwa nokujiya kwegazi okunamandla kuyadingeka. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uzonquma inhloso yakho ethile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nendawo ye-valve yakho.

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile zingase zidinge izinhloso ezihlukile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuthola izinga elilinganisela kangcono ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi nengozi yokopha esimweni sakho esiyingqayizivele.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zesikhathi se-prothrombin esingajwayelekile?

Izici eziningana zingathinta isikhathi sakho se-prothrombin futhi zikubeke engozini yemiphumela engajwayelekile. Ukuqonda lokhu kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqaphe ukusebenza kwakho kokujiya kwegazi ngempumelelo.

Nawa amaphuzu amakhulu angathinta imiphumela yakho ye-PT:

• Imithi: Izinciphisi zegazi njenge-warfarin, i-aspirin, ama-antibiotics, neminye imithi eminingi ingathinta izikhathi zokujiya kwegazi
• Isifo sesibindi: Izimo ezinjenge-hepatitis, i-cirrhosis, noma umdlavuza wesibindi zinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezici zokujiya kwegazi
• Ukuntula i-Vitamin K: Ukudla okungahambi kahle, ukungamuncwa kahle, noma imithi ethile kunganciphisa le vithamini ebalulekile
• Izici zofuzo: Abanye abantu bazuza izimo ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwezici zokujiya kwegazi
• Ubudala: Abantu abadala kungenzeka babe nezikhathi zokujiya kwegazi ezihamba kancane ngenxa yokwehla komsebenzi wesibindi
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza kakhulu kungalimaza umsebenzi wesibindi futhi kuthinte izici zokujiya kwegazi
• Ukudla okuthile: Inani elikhulu lokudla okunothile nge-vitamin K lingathinta imiphumela uma usebenzisa izinciphisi zegazi

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile njengokujiya kwegazi okusabalaliswe ngaphakathi kwemithambo (DIC) noma ukuntula izici kungabangela imiphumela engajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela zonke lezi zici lapho echaza imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.

Kungcono yini ukuba nesikhathi se-prothrombin esiphezulu noma esiphansi?

Akukho isikhathi esiphezulu noma esiphansi se-prothrombin esingcono ngokwemvelo - umgomo ukuba nezinga elifanele lesimo sakho sempilo esithile. I-PT yakho ekahle incike ezimeni zakho zezokwelapha nokuthi ngabe udinga ukwelashwa okunciphisa igazi.

Uma ungathathi izinciphisi zegazi, amanani ajwayelekile e-PT abonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokujiya kwegazi lusebenza kahle. I-PT ephezulu kakhulu ingase isikisela izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi, kanti leyo ephansi kakhulu ingase ikhombise ingozi eyengeziwe yokujiya kwegazi.

Kubantu abathatha ukwelashwa kwe-anticoagulant, i-PT ephakanyiswe ngokulinganisela (ngaphakathi kwebanga lakho eliqondiwe) empeleni iyafuneka. Lokhu kunwetshwa okulawulwayo kwesikhathi sokujiya kwegazi kusiza ekuvikeleni amahlule egazi ayingozi ngenkathi kusavumela ukuphola okujwayelekile emilinjeni emincane.

Okubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi efanele kuwe. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga e-PT anikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono kakhulu ekuqongekeni kwegazi noma ekuphumeni kwegazi, kuye ngengozi yakho yomuntu ngamunye kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zesikhathi esiphansi se-prothrombin?

Isikhathi esiphansi se-prothrombin sisho ukuthi igazi lakho lijiya ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile, okungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa amahlule egazi ayingozi. Lokhu kukhathaza ikakhulukazi uma unezimo ezikufaka engcupheni enkulu yokujiya kwegazi.

Izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zihlanganisa i-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), lapho amahlule akheka emithanjeni yomlenze, kanye ne-pulmonary embolism, lapho amahlule ehamba emaphashini akho. Lezi zimo zingasongela impilo uma zingelashwa ngokushesha. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu emlenzeni, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi nayo iyanda ngamazinga aphansi e-PT, ikakhulukazi uma une-atrial fibrillation noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Amahlule egazi angakheka enhliziyweni futhi ahambe ebuchosheni, abangele izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi njengobuthakathaka obuzumayo, izinkinga zokukhuluma, noma izinguquko zombono.

Uma usebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi futhi unamanani aphansi e-PT, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imithi yakho ayisebenzi kahle. Lokhu kukubeka engozini yezimo ezifanayo imithi eyenzelwe ukuzivikela kuzo. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ukuze akunikeze ukuvikeleka okungcono.

Abanye abantu abane-PT ephansi ngokuqhubekayo kungenzeka babe nezimo ezingaphansi ezikhuphula ingozi yokujiya kwegazi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase adinge ukuhlola ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ahlonze futhi aphathe lezi zimo ngendlela efanele.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zesikhathi esiphezulu se-prothrombin?

Isikhathi esiphezulu se-prothrombin sisho ukuthi igazi lakho lithatha isikhathi eside ukujiya, okwandisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga zokopha. Ngenkathi lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungabi nzima njengezinkinga zokujiya, ukopha kungaba yingozi futhi kusongela impilo.

Izimpawu ezincane zokopha zihlanganisa ukulimala kalula, ukopha emakhaleni okunzima ukukumisa, noma ukopha izinsini lapho uxubha amazinyo. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi ukusikeka okuncane kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukopha kunokujwayelekile. Lezi zimpawu, ngenkathi zikhathaza, ngokuvamile zilawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele.

Izinkinga zokopha ezingathi sína zingahlanganisa ukopha kwangaphakathi esiswini sakho, emathunjini, noma ebuchosheni. Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zihlanganisa izihlalo ezimnyama noma ezinegazi, ukuhlanza igazi, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma ubuthakathaka obuzumayo. Lezi zimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha futhi zingasongela impilo.

Uma usebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi futhi unamanani aphezulu kakhulu e-PT, ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukopha okukhulu. Imisebenzi elula efana nokugunda izinwele noma ukulima ingase ibangele ukusikeka okunzima ukukulawula. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukulungisa imithi yakho ukuze anciphise ingozi yokopha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-PT angabangela ukopha okuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokulimala. Lokhu kungase kuvele njengokulimala okungachazeki, ukopha kwamalunga, noma ukopha emisipheni. Izinkinga ezinjalo ezinzima zidinga ukwelashwa kwezempilo eziphuthumayo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zesikhathi se-prothrombin?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-blood thinners noma uma unemiphumela engajwayelekile ye-PT. Ungalindi kuze kube yisikhathi sakho esilandelayo esihleliwe uma unezimpawu.

Funana nosizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo uma unezimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza igazi, izihlalo ezimnyama, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungami. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi okusongela impilo okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Shayela udokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukwanda kokulimala, ukuphuma kwegazi emakhaleni njalo, noma ukusikeka okuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi kunokujwayelekile. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kungabalulekile, kungase kubonise ukuthi umthamo wakho we-blood thinner uphezulu kakhulu futhi udinga ukulungiswa.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zama-blood clots njengobuhlungu emlenzeni nokuvuvukala, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, thola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zokuthi i-anticoagulation yakho ayanele futhi ama-clots ayingozi ayakheka.

Ukuqokwa kokubheka njalo kubalulekile uma usebenzisa ama-blood thinners. Ungageqi lezi zivakashi, njengoba zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi agcine i-PT yakho ebangeni eliphephile, elisebenzayo futhi avimbele izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-prothrombin

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-prothrombin kulungile ekuqapheni izimo zenhliziyo?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-prothrombin kuhle kakhulu ekuqapheni izimo zenhliziyo ezithile, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-blood thinners afana ne-warfarin. Uma une-atrial fibrillation, izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo, noma uke waba nama-blood clots, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT njalo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi yakho isebenza ngempumelelo.

Ukuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-mechanical heart valves, abadinga i-anticoagulation eqinile ukuvimbela ama-clots ukuthi angakheki ku-valve yokwenziwa. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uzosebenzisa imiphumela ye-PT ukulungisa umthamo wakho wemithi futhi akugcine ebangeni eliphephe kakhulu.

Q.2 Ingabe isikhathi esiphansi se-prothrombin sibangela ama-blood clots?

Isikhathi esiphansi se-prothrombin asibangeli ngqo amahlule egazi, kodwa sibonisa ukuthi igazi lakho ligqama ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile, okwandisa ingozi yakho yegazi. Cabanga ngakho njengesixwayiso kunokuba kube yimbangela eqondile.

Uma usebenzisa izinciphisi zegazi futhi unamanani e-PT aphansi, kusikisela ukuthi imithi yakho ayinikezi ukuvikelwa okwanele emahleleni. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi futhi kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwegazi okuyingozi.

Q.3 Ngingadla ngokujwayelekile ngenkathi ngithola izivivinyo ze-PT?

Ungadla ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kwezivivinyo eziningi ze-PT, kodwa uma usebenzisa i-warfarin, zama ukugcina ukudla kwakho kwe-vitamin K kuhambisana. Ukudla okufana nesipinashi, i-kale, ne-broccoli kunovithamini K omningi, ongathinta imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.

Akudingeki ukuthi ugweme lokhu kudla okunempilo ngokuphelele, kodwa ukudla amanani amakhulu kakhulu ngokungajwayelekile kungenza amazinga akho e-PT anyakaze phezulu naphansi. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uhlele ukudla okulinganiselayo okusebenzayo ngemithi yakho.

Q.4 Ngingakanani kufanele ngithole izivivinyo ze-PT?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kuncike esimweni sakho nokuthi imiphumela yakho izinzile kangakanani. Lapho uqala izinciphisi zegazi, ungase udinge izivivinyo njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho amazinga akho ezinzile. Uma usuzinzile, ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke kuvame ukwanele.

Uma wenza ukulungiswa kwemithamo, ukugula, noma izinguquko kweminye imithi, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlolwa okuningi. Abanye abantu abanemiphumela ezinzile kakhulu bangase banwele ekuhlolweni njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-6-8, kodwa lokhu kuyahlukahluka ngomuntu ngamunye.

Q.5 Ingabe zikhona imiphumela emibi evela esivivinyweni se-PT ngokwaso?

Isivivinyo se-PT siphephile kakhulu nemiphumela emibi encane. Ungase ube nokulimala okuncane noma ubuhlungu endaweni yenaliti, okuvame ukuxazululwa ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Abanye abantu bazizwa bekhathazekile ngesikhashana, kodwa lokhu akuvamile.

Izinzuzo zokuqapha umsebenzi wakho wokugqama zidlula kakhulu lokhu kungakhululeki okuncane kwesikhashana. Isivivinyo sinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile olukusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile ngenkathi usebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi.