Liyini i-PSA Test? Inhloso, Amazinga, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-PSA test ilinganisa iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-prostate-specific antigen egazini lakho. Le phrotheni yenziwa ngokwemvelo yigland yomdlavuza, ilunga elincane elinosayizi wama-walnut elihlala ngaphansi kwesitho sakho somchamo futhi lisiza ekukhiqizeni uketshezi lwesidoda. Cabanga nge-PSA njengophawu olunganika udokotela wakho imininingwane ebalulekile ngempilo yakho yomdlavuza, nakuba kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yendida lapho uhlola inhlalakahle yakho yonke.

Liyini i-PSA test?

I-PSA test iyisivivinyo segazi esilula esilinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-prostate-specific antigen ejikeleza egazini lakho. I-PSA iyiphrotheni ekhishwa ngokwemvelo ngamaseli akho omdlavuza ukusiza ukunciphisa isidoda ngemva kokuchama.

Lapho umdlavuza wakho unempilo futhi usebenza ngendlela evamile, amanani amancane e-PSA avuza egazini lakho. Nokho, izimo ezihlukahlukene zingabangela amazinga e-PSA ukuthi anyuke, okuhlanganisa ukuvuvukala, ukutheleleka, ukukhula, noma izinkinga ezingathi sína njengomdlavuza.

Isivivinyo ngokwaso silula futhi sithatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Umhlinzeki wezempilo udonsa isampula elincane legazi ezingalweni zakho, elihlanganiswa elabhorethri ukuze kutholwe ukugxila kwakho kwe-PSA.

Kungani kwenziwa i-PSA test?

Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA ikakhulukazi ukuhlola umdlavuza womdlavuza nokuqapha impilo yomdlavuza emadodeni, ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Isivivinyo sisiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele, okungaba kubalulekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni kusenesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome lesi sivivinyo uma unezimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuchama, ukuchama njalo ebusuku, noma ukungakhululeki emgodleni. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa izimo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza, futhi amazinga e-PSA asiza ukuqondisa ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo.

Emadodeni asevele etholakele ukuthi anomdlavuza womdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuba ithuluzi lokuqapha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA okuvamile kusiza ukulandelela ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa futhi kubheke noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi umdlavuza ungase ubuye.

Lolu vivinyo futhi lusiza amadoda anendlala yamaphrostate elukhuni (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia) ukuqapha isimo sawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Odokotela abathile basebenzisa amazinga e-PSA kanye nezinye izinto ukwenza izinqumo zokwelapha.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA iyashesha futhi ayinazinhlungu kangako, ifana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Uzohlala esihlalweni ngenkathi umhlinzeki wezempilo ehlanza indawo encane engalweni yakho ngesihlanzi.

Okulandelayo, bazofaka inaliti encane emthanjeni ongaphakathi engalweni yakho ukuze baqoqe isampula legazi ethubeni elincane. Ungase uzwe ukuchofoza okufishane noma ukucindezela okuncane, kodwa abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukukubekezelela.

Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwegazi, uzothola ibhandishi elincane ngaphezulu kwendawo yokubhoboza, futhi ungaqala kabusha imisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile ngokushesha.

Isampula lakho legazi liya elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe belinganisela khona ukugxila kwe-PSA. Imiphumela ivame ukutholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi udokotela wakho uzokuthinta ukuze axoxe ngalokho izinombolo ezisho ngempilo yakho.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-PSA?

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-PSA kudinga ukulungiselela okuncane, kodwa imisebenzi ethile ingakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga akho e-PSA futhi ithinte ukunemba. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa kulokho okufanele ukugweme ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho.

Kufanele ugweme ukuphuma kwesidoda amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, njengoba ucansi lungabangela ukukhuphuka okwesikhashana kwamazinga e-PSA. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ucansi, ukuzithokozisa, noma yimuphi umsebenzi oholela ekuphumeni kwesidoda.

Ukuzivocavoca kanzima, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili noma ukugibela amahhashi, kufanele kugwenywe amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Le misebenzi ingacindezela endlaleni yakho yamaphrostate futhi ikhuphule okwesikhashana amazinga e-PSA.

Uma uke waba nezinqubo ezithile zamaphrostate muva nje, udokotela wakho angase afune ukulinda ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ama-biopsies, ama-cystoscopies, noma ukufakwa kwama-catheter kungakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-PSA amasonto amaningana.

Yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi leyo yezimo ze-prostate. Eminye imithi efana ne-finasteride noma i-dutasteride inganciphisa amazinga e-PSA, okudingeka ukuthi udokotela wakho akucabangele lapho echaza imiphumela.

Ungayifunda kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-PSA?

Amazinga e-PSA alinganiswa ngama-nanograms ngemililitha (ng/mL) yegazi, futhi ukuqonda ukuthi la manani asho ukuthini kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezihlanganisa iminyaka yakho, uhlanga, nempilo yonke. Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-PSA angaphansi kuka-4.0 ng/mL abhekwa njengavamile kumadoda amaningi.

Nokho, ububanzi obujwayelekile bungahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho. Amadoda aneminyaka yawo yama-40 ngokuvamile anamazinga e-PSA angaphansi kuka-2.5 ng/mL, kanti amadoda aneminyaka yawo yama-70 angase abe namazinga ajwayelekile afika ku-6.5 ng/mL njengoba ama-prostate ekhula ngokwemvelo ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Amazinga e-PSA aphakathi kuka-4.0 no-10.0 ng/mL awela endaweni engahlelekile lapho ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuvame ukudingeka. Cishe u-25% wamadoda kulolu hlu angase abe nomdlavuza we-prostate, kodwa abaningi banezimo ezingezona eziyingozi njengokukhula kwe-prostate noma ukuvuvukala.

Amazinga angaphezu kuka-10.0 ng/mL adinga ukunakwa ngokushesha, njengoba amathuba okuba nomdlavuza we-prostate anda kakhulu. Nokho, amazinga e-PSA aphezulu kakhulu angase futhi avele ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu kwe-prostate noma ezinye izimo ezingezona eziyingozi.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izitayela emazingeni akho e-PSA ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, hhayi nje ukufunda okukodwa. Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kwe-PSA (okubizwa ngokuthi i-PSA velocity) noma amazinga akhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo angase abe necala elikhulu kunezazinga eziphakeme ezinzile.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amazinga akho e-PSA?

Ukuphatha amazinga e-PSA kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho okubangela ukuthi aphakanyiswe, futhi ukwelashwa kugxila ekubhekaneni nesimo esibangela kunokumane kwehlisa izinombolo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu esekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Uma ukutheleleka kwendlala yesinye kubangela amazinga aphezulu e-PSA, ama-antibiotics angakwazi ukwelapha ngempumelelo ukutheleleka futhi ehlise amazinga. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha amasonto amaningana, futhi udokotela wakho angase aphinde ahlolisise i-PSA yakho ngemva kokuqeda inkambo yama-antibiotic.

Endodeni enokukhula kwendlala yesinye okungenabungozi, imithi efana nama-alpha-blockers noma ama-5-alpha reductase inhibitors ingasiza ekuphatheni izimpawu futhi ingase ithinte amazinga e-PSA. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kodwa ingathuthukisa izimpawu zomchamo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

Ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila lungase futhi lusekele impilo yendlala yesinye, nakuba ngeke lushintshe kakhulu amazinga e-PSA. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okunothe ngemifino nezithelo, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kungaba negalelo enhlalakahleni yonke yendlala yesinye.

Ezimweni lapho umdlavuza wendlala yesinye utholakala, izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, i-radiation therapy, i-hormone therapy, noma ukubhekwa okusebenzayo kuye ngezici zomdlavuza nempilo yakho yonke. Ithimba lakho le-oncology lizokuqondisa ngalezi zinqumo.

Liyini izinga elingcono kakhulu le-PSA?

Akukho izinga elilodwa elithi “elingcono kakhulu” le-PSA elisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu, njengoba ububanzi obufanele buhlukahluka ngokuya ngobudala bakho, umlando womndeni, nezici eziyingozi zomuntu ngamunye. Nokho, odokotela abaningi babheka amazinga e-PSA angaphansi kuka-4.0 ng/mL njengaqinisekisayo ngokujwayelekile kumadoda amaningi.

Emadodeni amancane aneminyaka yobudala engama-40 kanye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-50, amazinga e-PSA angaphansi kuka-2.5 ng/mL ngokuvamile abhekwa njengafanele. Njengoba ukhula, amazinga aphezulu kancane aba amukelekayo ngenxa yokukhula kwendlala yesinye okwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umgomo wakho siqu ubaluleke kakhulu kunokufinyelela inombolo ethile eqondiwe. Uma i-PSA yakho ibilokhu izinzile ku-3.0 ng/mL iminyaka eminingi, lokho kungaguquguquki kuqinisekisa kakhulu kunokufunda okukodwa okuphansi ngaphandle komlando wangaphambilini.

Amadoda anezici eziyingozi eziphakeme, njengelifa lase-Afrika-American noma umlando womndeni womdlavuza wendlala yesinye, angazuza ngokugcina amazinga e-PSA aphansi nokuqapha kaningi. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ukusungula ukuthi yini ekahle esimweni sakho esithile.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi ze-PSA ephezulu?

Izici eziningana zingathinta ngokwemvelo amazinga akho e-PSA, futhi ukuqonda lokhu kusiza ukubeka imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa endaweni efanele. Ubudala buyisici esibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba amazinga e-PSA ethambekele ekukhuphukeni kancane kancane njengoba amadoda ekhula ngenxa yokukhula okuvamile kwendlala yesinye.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezingathinta amazinga akho e-PSA:

• Ubudala - I-PSA ikhuphuka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kweminyaka njengoba indlala yesinye ikhula
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wendlala yesinye noma webele
• Ifa lase-Afrika-American - ingozi ephezulu ye-PSA ephakeme nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye
• Izifo zendlala yesinye noma ukuvuvukala (i-prostatitis)
• Ukwanda kwendlala yesinye okungenabungozi (BPH)
• Izinqubo zakamuva zendlala yesinye noma ama-biopsies
• Imithi ethile ethinta amazinga e-hormone
• Ukuphuma kwesidoda kwakamuva noma umsebenzi wezocansi
• Umsebenzi onzima womzimba noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile zingabangela amazinga e-PSA aphakeme, okuhlanganisa ukulimala kwendlala yesinye ngenxa yezingozi noma izinqubo zezokwelapha. Ukutheleleka ngamathumbu omchamo okusabalala endlaleni yesinye kungakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga e-PSA kakhulu.

Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahumushe imiphumela yakho ngokunembile futhi anqume ukuthi ngabe ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.

Kungcono yini ukuba namazinga e-PSA aphezulu noma aphansi?

Amazinga e-PSA aphansi ngokuvamile angcono, njengoba ngokuvamile ekhombisa indlala yesinye enempilo enokuvuvukala okuncane, ukwanda, noma ukungajwayelekile kwamaselula. Kodwa-ke, umgomo awukona ukufeza inombolo ephansi kakhulu kodwa kunalokho ukugcina amazinga azinzile, afanele ubudala.

Amazingi amazingi e-PSA (ngaphansi kuka-1.0 ng/mL) ngokuvamile ziyizindaba ezinhle kakhulu futhi zihlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi kakhulu yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Amadoda anamazinga e-PSA aphansi ngokuqhubekayo angase adinge ukuhlolwa okungavamile njengoba ekhula.

Amazinga e-PSA aphakeme ngokulinganisela awakhathazi ngokuzenzakalelayo, ikakhulukazi uma ehlala ezinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu yindlela yamazinga akho e-PSA kunokufunda okukodwa.

Amazinga e-PSA akhuphuka ngokushesha, ngisho nangaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi angase akhathaze kakhulu kunamazinga aphakeme azinzile. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha izitayela ku-PSA yakho ezinyangeni naseminyakeni ukuze athole isithombe esinembile kakhulu sempilo yakho yendlala yesinye.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zamazinga aphansi e-PSA?

Amazinga aphansi e-PSA akuvamile ukubangela noma yiziphi izinkinga futhi ngokuvamile athathwa njengophawu oluhle lwempilo yendlala yesinye. Amadoda amaningi anamazinga aphansi e-PSA ngokuqhubekayo anezindlala zesinye ezinempilo ezinengozi encane yezinkinga ezingathi sína.

Nokho, amazinga aphansi kakhulu e-PSA emadodeni amadala ngezinye izikhathi angase abonise ukuthi imithi ethile ithinta imiphumela. Amadoda athatha ama-5-alpha reductase inhibitors okukhuliswa kwendlala yesinye angase abe namazinga e-PSA ancishiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo okudinga ukuhunyushwa okukhethekile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, eminye imidlavuza yendlala yesinye enolaka ingakwazi ngempela ukukhiqiza i-PSA encane kunezifo eziqhelelene, okuholela emazingeni aphansi aqinisekisayo ngamanga. Lokhu akuvamile kodwa kuqokomisa ukuthi kungani odokotela becabangela izimpawu nokuhlolwa komzimba kanye nemiphumela ye-PSA.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ngamazinga aphansi e-PSA akuyona amazinga ngokwawo kodwa amathuba okuqinisekiswa kwamanga. Amadoda anamazinga aphansi e-PSA asadinga ukuhlolwa njalo futhi kufanele abike noma yiziphi izimpawu zomchamo kodokotela bawo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zamazinga aphezulu e-PSA?

Amazinge e-PSA ngokwazo azibangeli zimpawu noma izinkinga, kodwa zingase zibonise izimo ezingaphansi ezidinga ukunakekelwa. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi i-PSA ephakeme ingase ibonise umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, odinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokwelashwa uma ukhona.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko ezihlotshaniswa namazinga e-PSA aphakeme:

• Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye - okungenzeka okubi kakhulu okudinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha
• Ukwanda kwendlala yesinye okungenabungozi okubangela ubunzima bokuchama
• Izifo zendlala yesinye eziholela ebuhlungwini nasezimpawini zokuchama
• I-Prostatitis engapheli ebanga ukungakhululeki okuqhubekayo kwesisu
• Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yesinye okuvela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene

Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka okuvela emazingeni e-PSA aphakeme kungase futhi kuthinte izinga lempilo yakho ngenkathi ulinde ezinye izivivinyo. Amadoda amaningi athola ukukhathazeka ngomdlavuza ngisho nalapho i-PSA ephakeme inezimbangela ezingenangqondo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amazinga e-PSA aphezulu kakhulu angase abonise umdlavuza wendlala yesinye oqhubekayo oye wasabalala ngaphandle kwendlala yesinye. Kodwa-ke, amadoda amaningi anamazinga aphezulu e-PSA anezimo eziphathwayo, ezitholakala endaweni eneziphumo ezinhle kakhulu.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezinjenge-MRI noma ama-biopsies wendlala yesinye zingase zidingeke ukuze kunqunywe imbangela eqondile ye-PSA ephakeme, futhi lezi zinqubo zithwala izingozi zazo ezincane ukuthi udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ukuze ngihlolwe i-PSA?

Izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha zincoma ukuxoxa ngokuhlolwa kwe-PSA nodokotela wakho kusukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 yamadoda anobungozi obujwayelekile, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unezici eziyingozi eziphakeme. Isinqumo sokuqala ukuhlolwa kufanele kube yingxoxo ehlanganyelwe phakathi kwakho nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Amadoda anezici eziyingozi eziphakeme kufanele acabangele izingxoxo zokuhlolwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile kusukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-45. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amadoda ase-Afrika-America nalabo obaba babo noma abafowabo ababenomdlavuza wendlala yesinye ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65.

Kufanele ngempela uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zomchamo ezinjengobunzima ekuqaleni ukuchama, ukugeleza komchamo okubuthakathaka, ukuchama njalo ebusuku, noma ukuzwa sengathi isinye sakho asikhiphi ngokuphelele. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakho.

Uma usuvele uhlolwe i-PSA futhi uqaphela izimpawu ezikhathazayo phakathi kokuhlolwa okuhleliwe, ungalindi ukuqokwa kwakho okulandelayo okuvamile. Izimpawu ezintsha ezinjengegazi emchamweni, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besinqe, noma izinguquko ezinkulu emikhubeni yomchamo kufanele zibangele ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Amadoda aseke alashwa ngomdlavuza wendlala yesinye adinga ukuqapha i-PSA njalo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wabo we-oncologist. Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwakho lokwelashwa kanye nezici eziyingozi zomuntu ngamunye.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kulungile ekuhloleni umdlavuza wendlala yesinye?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlolwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye, kodwa akuphelele futhi kusebenza kangcono uma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa kungathola imidlavuza eminingi yendlala yesinye ngesikhathi lapho ingelashwa kakhulu, okungenzeka ukuthi kusindisa izimpilo ngokungenelela ngokushesha.

Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA nakho kunemingcele okufanele uyizwisise. Ukuhlolwa kungaphuthelwa yimithombo ethile yomdlavuza (ama-false negatives) futhi kungakhuphuka ngenxa yezimo ezingenasici (ama-false positives), okuholela ekukhathazekeni okungadingekile nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha bayavuma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kungazuza amadoda amaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini enkulu, kodwa isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngamunye ngamunye. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo ezingaba khona nezingozi ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Q.2 Ingabe izinga eliphezulu le-PSA libangela ukungasebenzi kahle?

Amazinga aphezulu e-PSA ngokwawo awabangeli ngokuqondile ukungasebenzi kahle, kodwa izimo ezingaphansi ezikhuphula i-PSA zingase zithinte ukusebenza ngokocansi. I-PSA protein imane nje iyisikhombi somsebenzi wendlala yesinye futhi ayiphazamisi izindlela zokwakheka.

Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo ezenyusa i-PSA, njengokukhula kwendlala yesinye noma ukuvuvukala, ngezinye izikhathi zingathinta ukusebenza kocansi ngokuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela ye-PSA ephakeme kanye nokukhathazeka ngempilo yendlala yesinye kungathinta ukusebenza kocansi.

Uma uhlangabezana kokubili ne-PSA ephakeme kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, kubalulekile ukuxoxa zombili lezi zinkinga nodokotela wakho. Bangasiza ekutholeni ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuxhumana futhi bancoma ukwelashwa okufanele kuzo zonke izinkinga.

Q.3 Ingabe amazinga e-PSA angashintsha usuku nosuku?

Amazinga e-PSA angashintsha kancane kusuka ekuhlolweni kuya ekuhlolweni, kepha izinguquko ezinkulu zansuku zonke azivamile emadodeni anempilo. Ukuhluka okujwayelekile kwebhayoloji kungase kubangele i-PSA yakho ukuthi ihluke ngamaphesenti angama-15-20% phakathi kokuhlolwa, ngisho nalapho kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

Izici eziningana zingabangela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwesikhashana emazingeni e-PSA. Umsebenzi wocansi wakamuva, ukuzivocavoca okunamandla, ukukhohlisa kwendlala yesinye ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, noma ukuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwendlala yesinye kungakhuphula amazinga okwesikhashana.

Yingakho odokotela bevame ukuphinda izivivinyo ze-PSA uma ziphakeme ngokungalindelekile futhi kungani bebheka amathrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokugxila ekufundeni okukodwa. Uma i-PSA yakho igxuma kakhulu, udokotela wakho uzophendukela ekuphenyeni izimbangela ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokwenza iziphetho.

Q.4 Kufanele ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kwenziwe kaningi kangakanani?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuncike eminyakeni yakho, izici eziyingozi, nemiphumela ye-PSA yangaphambilini, kepha amadoda amaningi azuza ekuhlolweni konyaka noma okweminyaka emibili uma eseqala. Amadoda anezici eziyingozi eziphakeme angadinga ukuhlolwa kaningi.

Uma amazinga akho e-PSA ephansi futhi ezinzile ngokuqhubekayo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni emibili esikhundleni sonyaka. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 anethemba lokuphila elilinganiselwe kungenzeka angadingi ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokuthi banezimpawu ezithile.

Ngemuva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye, imvamisa yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA iyanda kakhulu futhi ilungiswa ngokuya ngemithi yakho ethile kanye nezinga lobungozi. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzoqala uhlelo olufanele lokuqapha olususelwe ezimweni zakho.

Q.5 Ingabe ukudla noma izithasiselo kungawathinta amazinga e-PSA?

Ukudla kanye nezithasiselo ngokuvamile zinomthelela omncane emazingeni e-PSA, nakuba ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi okunye ukudla kungase kube nemiphumela emincane esikhathini eside. Akukho ukudla okuqondile okuzokwehlisa kakhulu amazinga akho e-PSA ngokushesha.

Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukudla okunothile nge-lycopene (etholakala kuthamatisi), ama-omega-3 fatty acids, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-soy kungase kusekele impilo yendlala yesinye, kodwa ubufakazi abuqinile ngokwanele ukuncoma izinguquko ezithile zokudla nje ukunciphisa i-PSA.

Ezinye izithasiselo, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqukethe i-saw palmetto noma ezinye izithako zemithi ezinikezwa ngemakethe ngenxa yempilo yendlala yesinye, zingase zithinte kancane amazinga e-PSA. Njalo yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izithasiselo ozithathayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ukuze uqinisekise ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwemiphumela.