Yini i-Radiation Therapy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-Radiation therapy ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza nokunciphisa izinso. Cabanga ngayo njengemisebe yamandla eqondiswe ngqo esebenza ezingeni lamaselula ukumisa umdlavuza ekukhuleni nasekusabalaleni. Lokhu kwelashwa kusize izigidi zabantu ukuthi balwe nomdlavuza futhi kungasetshenziswa yodwa noma kanye nokunye ukwelashwa okufana nokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy.

Yini i-radiation therapy?

I-Radiation therapy iletha imithamo elawulwayo yemisebe enamandla amakhulu ngqo kumaseli omdlavuza. Imisebe ilimaza i-DNA ngaphakathi kwala maseli, okuyivimbela ukuthi ingahlukani futhi ikhule. Amaseli akho anempilo ngokuvamile angazilungisa kulokhu kulimala, kodwa amaseli omdlavuza awakwazi ukululama kalula.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-radiation therapy. I-External beam radiation ivela emshinini ongaphandle komzimba wakho oqondisa imisebe ngase-cancer. I-Internal radiation, ebizwa nangokuthi i-brachytherapy, ihlanganisa ukubeka izinto ezinomsakazo ngqo ngaphakathi noma eduze kwenhlama.

I-Radiation therapy yanamuhla inembile ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukucabanga okuthuthukisiwe nokuhlela ngekhompyutha kusiza odokotela ukuthi baqondise amaseli omdlavuza ngenkathi bevikele inyama enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kunemba kwenze ukwelashwa kwaba ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi kunethezekile kunakuqala.

Kungani kwenziwa i-radiation therapy?

I-Radiation therapy isebenza ngezinhloso eziningana ezibalulekile ekwelashweni komdlavuza. Ingawelapha umdlavuza uma isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile ezinjengomdlavuza we-prostate noma webele esigabeni sokuqala. Iphinde isebenze kahle ukunciphisa izinso ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, okwenza kube lula ukuzisusa ngokuphelele.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, imisebe ingaqeda noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asele angase abe mancane kakhulu ukuthi angabonakala. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-adjuvant therapy, isiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome imisebe ukunciphisa ukukhula komdlavuza lapho ukwelashwa okuphelele kungenzeki.

Ngesinye isikhathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kugxila ekunikezeni induduzo kunokwelapha. Kunganciphisa izinso ezicindezela imizwa noma izitho, kunciphise ubuhlungu futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo yakho. Le ndlela yokunakekela abagulayo isiza abantu abaningi ukuthi bazizwe ngcono futhi bahlale bekhuthele phakathi nohambo lwabo lomdlavuza.

Yini inqubo yokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Uhambo lwakho lokwelashwa ngemisebe luqala ngokuhlela nokulungiselela ngokucophelela. Okokuqala, uzohlangana nodokotela we-oncologist oqeqeshwe ngemisebe oqeqeshwe kulokhu kwelashwa. Bazobukeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha, bakuhlole, futhi bachaze ukuthi imisebe ingena kanjani ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Inqubo yokuhlela, ebizwa ngokuthi ukulingisa, ihlanganisa ukudala imephu enemininingwane yendawo yakho yokwelashwa. Uzoqamba amanga etafuleni ngenkathi ochwepheshe besebenzisa ama-CT scan noma ezinye izithombe ukuze baqonde kahle ukuthi imisebe kufanele iye ngaphi. Bangase babeke ama-tattoo amancane noma izitika esikhumbeni sakho ukuze bakhombe indawo yokwelashwa.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwangempela, uzoqamba amanga etafuleni lokwelashwa ngenkathi umshini wemisebe uzungeza. Umshini wenza umsindo othile, kodwa imisebe ngokwayo ayinabuhlungu nhlobo. Iseshini ngayinye ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-30, nakuba imisebe yangempela ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto amasonto amaningana. Lolu hlelo luvumela amaseli anempilo isikhathi sokululama phakathi kokwelashwa ngenkathi kugcinwa ingcindezi eqhubekayo kumaseli omdlavuza. Ithimba lakho lemisebe lizokuqapha eduze kuyo yonke inqubo.

Ungalungela kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho ngemisebe?

Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuhilela izinyathelo ezingokoqobo nezingokomzwelo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa ukulungiselela okujwayelekile kusiza abantu abaningi ukuthi bazizwe beqiniseka futhi bekhululekile.

Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala, cishe uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena ukuthola isiqiniseko sokuthi umzimba wakho usukulungele. Udokotela wakho angase alungise eminye imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi uma ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe noma yandise imiphumela emibi.

Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezingakusiza ukuthi uzilungiselele ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo:

• Dla ukudla okunomsoco futhi uhlale unamanzi ukuze usekele ukwelashwa komzimba wakho
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi ukuze ugcine amandla akho kanye nesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba
• Lungiselela ezokuthutha ngoba ungase uzizwe ukhathele ngemva kokwelashwa
• Lungisa isikhumba sakho ngokusebenzisa izinto ezithambile, ezingenamvini
• Hlela izingubo ezikhululekile okulula ukuzisusa ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela ekwelashweni
• Cabangela ukuletha umculo noma ama-audiobook ukukusiza ukuthi uphumule ngesikhathi semihlangano
• Buza ngamaqembu okusekela noma izinsizakalo zokweluleka uma uzizwa ukhathazekile

Unganqikazi ukubuza iqembu lakho lemisebe imibuzo mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ukuqonda inqubo ngokuvamile kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kukwenza uzizwe ulawula kakhulu ulwazi lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwegazi okunezinombolo ezithile, imiphumela yokwelashwa ngemisebe ilinganiswa ngokusebenzisa izithombe zokuskena kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuskena kwe-CT, ama-MRI, noma ukuskena kwe-PET ukuze abone ukuthi izimila zisabela kanjani ekwelashweni nokuthi umdlavuza usabalale yini.

Ukusabela okuphelele kusho ukuthi izithombe azibonisi umdlavuza obonakalayo ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kuwumphumela ongcono kakhulu, nakuba kungaqinisekisi ukuthi amaseli omdlavuza amancane awasekho. Ukusabela okuyingxenye kubonisa ukuthi isimila sinciphe kakhulu, ngokuvamile okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-30.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuskena kubonisa isifo esizinzile, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza awukhulanga noma awunciphanga kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba umphumela omuhle ngempela, ikakhulukazi uma umgomo ukulawula ukukhula komdlavuza kunokuthi uqede ngokuphelele. Isifo esiqhubekayo sichaza ukuthi umdlavuza uqhubekile nokukhula naphezu kokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile. Bazokuqapha futhi izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa, ngoba imiphumela yemisebe ingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngemuva kweseshini yakho yokugcina.

Ungayiphatha kanjani imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi yemisebe kugxila ekusekeleni ukuphulukiswa komzimba wakho kwemvelo ngenkathi uhlala ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Imiphumela eminingi emibi yesikhashana futhi ingalawuleka ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakwa.

Ukukhathala kungenye yemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu, ngokuvamile kwakheka kancane kancane emasontweni amaningana okwelashwa. Lokhu ukukhathala kwehluka ekukhathaleni okuvamile ngoba ukuphumula akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuzivocavoca okulula, ukudla ukudla okuvamile, nokugcina isimiso sokulala esiqhubekayo kungasiza ukugcina amazinga akho wamandla.

Ushintsho lwesikhumba endaweni yokwelashwa nalo luvamile kakhulu. Isikhumba sakho singase sibe bomvu, some, noma sizwelana, sifane nelanga. Nansi indlela yokunakekela isikhumba esiphathwe ngemisebe:

• Sebenzisa insipho ethambile, engenamvini kanye nezinto ezithambisa isikhumba
• Gwema amanzi ashisayo futhi geza ngamanzi afudumele esikhundleni salokho
• Ungasebenzisi ama-lotion anotywala, amakha, noma amakhemikhali anolaka
• Vikela isikhumba esiphathwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngemvunulo evulekile
• Buza ithimba lakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimiphi imikhiqizo emisha yesikhumba
• Bika noma yikuphi ukubomvu okukhulu, ukuvela kwamabhamuza, noma izilonda ezivulekile ngokushesha

Ezinye izimo ezibangelwa imiphumela emibi zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ethola imisebe. Ukwelashwa ekhanda nasentanyeni kungase kubangele izilonda zomlomo noma izinguquko ekunambitheni. Imisebe esifubeni ingaholela ekucasulweni komphimbo noma ubunzima bokugwinya. Ithimba lakho lemisebe lizokulungiselela imiphumela emibi ethile endaweni futhi linikeze amasu okuphatha.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Izici eziningana zingathonya ukuthi ukubekezelela kanjani ukwelashwa ngemisebe nokuthi ngabe izinkinga ziyavela yini. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lihlele ukwelashwa okuphephe kakhulu, okuphumelelayo esimweni sakho esithile.

Ubudala nesimo sempilo esiphelele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekubekezeleleni imisebe. Abantu abadala noma abantu abanezimo zempilo ezingapheli njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo bangase bahlangabezane nemiphumela emibi eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ubudala bodwa abuvimbeli ukwelashwa ngemisebe okuphumelelayo.

Ukwelashwa ngaphambilini komdlavuza kungathinta imiphumela yokwelashwa ngemisebe. Uma uke waba nemisebe ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi endaweni efanayo, ingozi yakho yezinkinga iyanda. Eminye imithi ye-chemotherapy nayo ingenza izicubu zizwele kakhulu emiphumeleni yemisebe.

Nazi ezinye izici ezingase zandise izingozi zezinkinga:

• Ukubhema, okuphazamisa ukuphulukiswa futhi kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka
• Isimo sokudla okunganele esenza buthakathaka amasosha akho omzimba
• Izifo ze-Autoimmune ezithinta ukuphulukiswa kwezicubu
• Izimo zemvelo ezenza uzwele kakhulu emisebeni
• Izindawo ezinkulu zokwelapha eziveza izicubu ezinempilo eziningi
• Imithamo ephezulu yemisebe edingekayo ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza
• I-chemotherapy ehambisanayo eqinisa imiphumela yemisebe

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist wemisebe uzohlola ngokucophelela lezi zici lapho ehlela ukwelashwa kwakho. Bangase balungise imithamo yemisebe, bashintshe amashejuli okwelashwa, noma bancomise ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kokusekela ukuze banciphise ingozi yakho yezinkinga.

Kungcono yini ukuba nemithamo ephezulu noma ephansi yemisebe?

Umthamo "ongcono kakhulu" wemisebe awuhlobene nezinombolo eziphezulu noma eziphansi, kodwa kumayelana nokuthola ibhalansi efanele yomdlavuza wakho kanye nesimo sakho. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist wemisebe ubala umthamo oqondile odingekayo ukuze kubhujiswe amaseli omdlavuza ngenkathi kuvikelwa izicubu ezinempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imithamo ephezulu ingasebenza kahle ekubulaleni amaseli omdlavuza, kodwa futhi ikhuphula ingozi yemiphumela emibi nezinkinga. Imithamo ephansi ingase ibe mnene emzimbeni wakho kodwa ingase ingalawuli ukukhula komdlavuza ngempumelelo. Umgomo ukuthola indawo emnandi ethuthukisa ukulawulwa komdlavuza ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulimala ezicutshini ezinempilo.

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yesimanje kusebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuletha imithamo efanele ngokunemba okukhulu. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe okulawulwa ngamandla (IMRT) kungahluka amandla emisebe ngaphakathi endaweni efanayo yokwelapha. Ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe ye-stereotactic kuletha imithamo ephezulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane, eziqondile ngamaseshini ambalwa.

Udokotela wakho ucabangela izinto eziningi lapho enquma umthamo wakho wemisebe, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, indawo, usayizi, nempilo yakho yonke. Baphinda bacabangele ukuthi ngabe uthola ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nemigomo yakho yokwelashwa.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Abantu abaningi baqeda ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemiphumela emibi elawulekayo, kodwa ukuqonda izinkinga ezingaba khona kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi nini okufanele ufune usizo. Izinkinga zingenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngemva nje, noma ngezinye izikhathi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

Izinkinga zakuqala zivame ukuthuthuka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa. Le miphumela ebukhali ivame ukuba yesikhashana futhi ixazululwe emasontweni kuya ezinyangeni ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Isikhumba sakho singase sicasuke kakhulu, noma ungase uthuthukise izilonda zomlomo uma uthola imisebe yekhanda nentamo.

Nawa amanye ama-complications okuqala adinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha:

• Ukwaphuka kwesikhumba okukhulu noma amanxeba anezifo endaweni yokwelashwa
• Ukungakwazi ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula ngenxa yokuvuvukala komphimbo
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza okuvimbela ukudla noma ukuphuza
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane, amaqhafuza, noma ukukhipha okungajwayelekile
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuvimbela imisebenzi yansuku zonke eyisisekelo
• Ubuhlungu obungalawulwa ngemithi enqunyiwe

Izinkinga zokugcina zingavela ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukulimala kwezicubu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalungu, noma umdlavuza wesibili. Ngenkathi izinkinga zokugcina zingavamile ngamasu emisebe yanamuhla, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa okulandelayo.

Ubungozi bezinkinga buhlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngomthamo wemisebe, indawo yokwelashwa, nezici zakho zempilo. Ithimba lakho lemisebe lizoxoxa ngezingozi ezithile zesimo sakho futhi lenze uhlelo lokuqapha ukuze kubanjwe noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho le-oncology lemisebe ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima noma ezikhathazayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ungalindi ukuqokwa kwakho okulandelayo okuhleliwe uma kukhona okuzizwa kungalungile noma kuhluke kulokho ithimba lakho elikwenza ukuba ulindele.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma uthola umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C), ikakhulukazi uma futhi uthola i-chemotherapy. Umkhuhlane ungakhombisa ukutheleleka, okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo lapho amasosha akho omzimba engase abe sengozini.

Nawa amasignali axwayisa athile adinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukonakala kwesikhumba okukhulu ngamanxeba avulekile noma amadiyiza
• Ukungakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza ngenxa yezilonda zomlomo noma ubuhlungu bomphimbo
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo okuvimbela ukugcina ukudla noma uketshezi phansi
• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni njengokuphatheka kabi ikhanda, umchamo omnyama, noma ukoma okukhulu
• Ukuphuma igazi okungavamile noma ukuqaqeka
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungaphenduli emithini enqunyiwe
• Noma yisiphi isimpawu esiba sibi kakhulu noma esingathuthuki njengoba kulindelekile

Noma ngabe izimpawu zibonakala zincane, unganqikazi ukushayela ithimba lakho lemisebe ngemibuzo noma izinkathazo. Banolwazi ekulawuleni imiphumela emibi yemiswebe futhi bangavame ukunikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo ngocingo. Ukungenelela ngokushesha kuvame ukuvimbela izingqinamba ezincane ukuthi zingabi yizinkinga ezinkulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokwelashwa ngemisebe

Q.1 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngemisebe kulungile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyasebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza, kodwa akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu kuyo yonke imbangela. Kusebenza kahle ikakhulukazi emdlavuzeni ohlala endaweni eyodwa, njengomdlavuza webele, wendlala yesinye, wamaphaphu, nekhanda nentamo esigabeni sokuqala. Eminye imidlava yegazi kanye nemidlava esabalale kabanzi ingahle ingaphenduli kahle emisebeni.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist ucabangela izici eziningi lapho encoma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba, indawo, nempilo yakho yonke. Bazoxoxa ukuthi ngabe imisebe cishe izoba usizo esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi ingena kanjani ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa lonke.

Q.2 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubangela umdlavuza?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungakhuphula kancane ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibili kamuva empilweni, kodwa le ngozi incane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nenzuzo yokwelapha umdlavuza wakho wamanje. Imidlava yesibili evela emisebeni ivame ukuthuthuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20 ngemuva kokwelashwa, futhi ingozi ilinganiswa ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esingu-1 ekhulwini kubantu abaningi.

Izindlela zesimanje zokwelapha ngemisebe zinciphise kakhulu le ngozi esivele incane ngokuletha imithamo eqondile ezindaweni ezincane. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist ozokwelapha ngemisebe uzoxoxa nawe ngale ngozi, kodwa kubantu abaningi, izinzuzo zokwelashwa ngemisebe zidlula kakhulu ingozi encane yomdlavuza wesibili.

Q.3 Ngizoba nemisebe ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemisebe yangaphandle akukwenzi ube nemisebe. Imisebe idlula emzimbeni wakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kodwa ayihlali ngaphakathi kuwe. Ungaphephile ukuba seduze nomndeni, abangane, nezilwane ezifuywayo ngokushesha ngemva kweseshini ngayinye yokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi (i-brachytherapy) kwehlukile ngoba izinto ezinemisebe zibekwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Kuye ngohlobo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ukhawulele ukuxhumana eduze nabanye isikhathi esifushane. Ithimba lakho lemisebe lizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile uma lokhu kusebenza ekwelashweni kwakho.

Q.4 Zingakanani izikhathi ezithatha imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Imiphumela eminingi emibi esheshayo evela ekwelashweni ngemisebe ithuthuka kancane kancane phakathi kwamasonto angu-2 kuya kwangu-6 ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Ukucasuka kwesikhumba kuvame ukuphola phakathi nenyanga, kuyilapho ukukhathala kungase kuthathe amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni ukuthi kuqede ngokuphelele. Umzimba wakho uyaqhubeka nokuphola ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Eminye imiphumela yokuqala ingase ivele ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni emva kwalokho, kodwa lokhu akuvamile ngezindlela zesimanje zokwelapha ngemisebe. Ukunakekelwa kwakho okulandelayo kufaka phakathi ukuqapha kokubili ukululama kwesikhashana nemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi babuyela emisebenzini yabo ejwayelekile phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Q.5 Ngingasebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Abantu abaningi bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe, ikakhulukazi uma benamashejuli aguquguqukayo noma bengasebenza besemakhaya. Izikhathi zokwelashwa zivame ukuba mfushane futhi zihlelelwe ngezikhathi ezifanayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlela ngemisebenzi yomsebenzi.

Noma kunjalo, ukukhathala neminye imiphumela emibi kungase kuthinte amazinga akho wamandla, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukwelashwa kuqhubeka. Cabangela ukuxoxa ngamalungiselelo omsebenzi aguquguqukayo nomqashi wakho, futhi unganqikazi ukuthatha ikhefu uma ulidinga. Impilo yakho nokululama kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube yinto eza kuqala.