Yini Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yomdlavuza Webele? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza webele kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza angase asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kuyindlela yokwelapha ejwayelekile futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu esiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi endaweni yebele.

Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokugxila endaweni ethile lapho ishubhu lakho lalikhona khona, kanye nezicubu eziseduze ezingase ziqukethe amaseli omdlavuza amancane. Imisebe ilimaza i-DNA ngaphakathi kwala maseli, okwenza kungabi nakwenzeka ukuthi akhule futhi ahlukaniswe. Amaseli akho anempilo angazilungisa kulokhu kulimala, kodwa amaseli omdlavuza awanakho.

Yini ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza webele?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza eqondiwe esebenzisa imisebe enembile yamandla ukuqeda amaseli omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa ibele. Cabanga ngayo njengemisebe egxilile engafinyelela ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu ukuthi odokotela bahlinze bazibone ngamehlo.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziselwa umdlavuza webele ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-linear accelerator uyazungeza, uletha imisebe evela kuma-engeli amaningi endaweni yokwelashwa. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli omdlavuza athola umthamo ogcwele ngenkathi enciphisa ukuchayeka ezithweni zakho ezinempilo.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela batusa ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi, ebizwa nangokuthi i-brachytherapy. Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka imithombo emincane ye-radioactive ngqo esicutshini sebele lapho ishubhu lisusiwe khona. Le ndlela iletha imisebe evela ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho esikhathini esifushane.

Kungani kwenziwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza webele?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthi umdlavuza webele ubuye ebeleni elifanayo noma kuma-lymph nodes aseduze. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lunganciphisa le ngozi ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-70% uma lusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-lumpectomy.

Udktela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa ngemisebe ezimweni eziningana. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-lumpectomy, imisebe isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza amancane ashiywe ngemuva ayaqothulwa. Le nhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa kanye nemisebe ikunikeza amazinga okusinda afanayo nokuba ne-mastectomy, ngenkathi ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ibele lakho.

Ngemva kwe-mastectomy, imisebe ingase incomwe uma umdlavuza wakho wawukhulu, uma umdlavuza utholakala kuma-lymph nodes amaningi, noma uma amaseli omdlavuza atholakala emaphethelweni ezicubu ezisusiwe. Kulezi zimo, kukhona ithuba eliphezulu lokuthi amaseli omdlavuza angase ahlale odongeni lwesifuba noma kuma-lymph nodes aseduze.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa imithombo emikhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuyisusa. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-neoadjuvant radiation, ayivamile kodwa ingasebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wamabele.

Yini inqubo yokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Inqubo yokwelashwa ngemisebe iqala ngamaseshini okuhlela ngokucophelela abizwa ngokuthi ama-aphoyintimenti okulingisa. Ngezikhathi zokuvakasha, ithimba lakho lemisebe lenza uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondiswe ngqo emzimbeni wakho nasendaweni yomdlavuza.

Okokuqala, uzoqamba amanga etafuleni lokwelashwa ngenkathi ochwepheshe besebenzisa ama-CT scans ukwenza imephu yendawo eqondile edinga ukwelashwa. Bazokwenza izimpawu zeyinki ezincane ezingapheli noma ama-tattoo amancane esikhumbeni sakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebe ifika endaweni efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lezi zimpawu zicishe zibe ngosayizi we-freckle futhi zisiza ukuqondisa umshini.

Udktela wakho we-oncologist uzosebenza nabantu abaqeqeshwe kwezokwelapha ukubala umthamo oqondile nama-engeli adingekayo ekwelashweni kwakho. Le nqubo yokuhlela ingathatha isonto noma amabili, kodwa ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu ngemiphumela emincane.

Izikhathi zokwelashwa zansuku zonke zivame ukuthatha imizuzu engu-15-30, nakuba uzothola imisebe cishe imizuzu engu-2-5 ngaleso sikhathi. Okunye kuhilela ukukubeka ngendlela efanele nokuhlola kabili zonke izilinganiso. Uzoqamba amanga etafuleni lokwelapha ngenkathi umshini uzungeza, ukhulula imisebe evela ezingelini ezihlukene.

Abantu abaningi bathola imisebe izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto amasonto angu-3-6, nakuba ezinye izindlela ezintsha zingakwazi ukunciphisa lokhu kube amasonto angu-3-4. Iseshini ngayinye ayinabuhlungu - ngeke uzizwe, ubone, noma uzwe imisebe ngokwayo.

Ungalungela kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho ngemisebe?

Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuhilela ukulungela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa kunezinyathelo ezivamile ezingakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka futhi ukhululekile.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, yidla ukudla okunomsoco futhi uthole ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho ukubhekana nokwelashwa. Hlala unamanzi kahle futhi ucabangele ukuthatha i-multivitamin emnene uma udokotela wakho evuma. Umzimba wakho uzosebenza kanzima ukuze welaphe, ngakho ukuwunika uphethiloli ofanele kwenza umehluko wangempela.

Hlela umsebenzi wakho wansuku zonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, njengoba uzodinga ukuza njalo amasonto amaningana. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Cabangela ukuhlela ezokuthutha uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase uzizwe ukhathele, ikakhulukazi emasontweni kamuva okwelashwa.

Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe. Sebenzisa insipho ethambile, engenamvini kanye nezinto ezimanzi endaweni yokwelapha. Gwema izingubo eziqinile noma ama-bra anocingo angase acasule isikhumba. Ithimba lakho lemisebe lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.

Ngokomzwelo, kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuqala ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Cabangela ukuletha umngane noma ilungu lomndeni kuma-aphoyintimenti akho okuqala ukuze uthole ukwesekwa. Izikhungo eziningi zomdlavuza nazo zinikeza izinsizakalo zokweluleka noma amaqembu okusekela angakusiza ukuthi uzulazule kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskena ngemifanekiso, ukwelashwa ngemisebe akukhiqizi "imiphumela" esheshayo ongayifunda embikweni. Kunalokho, impumelelo ilinganiswa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kuvimbela kahle kangakanani umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist ozinikele emisebeni uzobheka intuthuko yakho ngokuqokwa okulandelayo njalo. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvame ukwenzeka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala iminyaka embalwa, bese kuba njalo ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi salezi zikhathi zokuqokwa, udokotela wakho uzohlola indawo ewelashwayo futhi angase ayale ukuhlolwa ngemifanekiso ukuze ahlole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokubuyela emuva komdlavuza.

Isilinganiso esibaluleke kakhulu sempumelelo yokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuhlala ungenayo umdlavuza. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi abathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemva kwe-lumpectomy banemiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside. Cishe ama-95% abesifazane bahlala bengenayo umdlavuza ebeleni elilashwayo eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho uzophinda abheke noma yiziphi izimo ezingemihle zesikhathi eside, nakuba lezi zivame ukuba mnene. Ushintsho esikhumbeni endaweni ewelashwayo luvamile kodwa ngokuvamile luyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokungavamile kakhulu, imisebe ingabangela izinguquko enhliziyweni noma emaphashini, yingakho ukunakekelwa okulandelayo njalo kubaluleke kangaka.

Ungazisingatha kanjani izimo ezingemihle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi evela ekwelashweni ngemisebe kuhilela ukuzinakekela kahle nokulandela isiqondiso seqembu lakho lezempilo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi yesikhashana futhi ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele.

Ushintsho esikhumbeni yisimo esivame kakhulu, esifana nokusha yilanga elithuthuka kancane kancane. Isikhumba sakho endaweni yokwelashwa singase sibe bomvu, some, noma sivuvuke kancane. Gcina le ndawo ihlanzekile futhi inamanzi ngemikhiqizo enconywe yithimba lakho lemisebe. Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni endaweni ewelashwayo futhi ugqoke izingubo ezixekile, ezithambile.

Ukukhathala kuvame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane futhi kungahlala amasonto amaningana ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Lokhu kukhathala kwehlukile ekukhathaleni okuvamile - kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokuphendula ekucindezelekeni kwansuku zonke kokwelashwa nokuphola. Phumula uma kudingeka, kodwa zama ukuhlala usebenza kancane ngamahora amancane noma imisebenzi elula.

Abanye abantu bazwa ukuvuvukala kwamabele noma ububele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuphela kwemisebe. I-bra elingana kahle, esekelayo ngaphandle kwe-underwire ingasiza ekunikezeni induduzo ngalesi sikhathi.

Yazisa ithimba lakho lezempilo nganoma yimaphi imiphumela emibi oyitholayo. Banganikeza imithi noma ukwelashwa ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi yezinkinga zokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Abantu abaningi bayakubekezelela kahle ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kodwa izici ezithile zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthola imiphumela emibi. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela ukwelashwa okuphephe kakhulu kuwe.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphambilini endaweni yesifuba kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ngoba izicubu zakho sezivele zithintwe imisebe. Lokhu kungenzeka uma uke walashwa ngomunye umdlavuza esikhathini esidlule. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist wemisebe uzocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wemisebe lapho ehlela ukwelashwa.

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingenza ukwelashwa ngemisebe kube yinselele enkulu. Izifo ezizenzakalelayo ezisebenzayo njenge-lupus noma i-scleroderma zingakhuphula ukuzwela kwesikhumba emisebeni. Izinkinga zenhliziyo zingase zithinte ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ngomdlavuza wamabele ohlangothini lwesobunxele, njengoba inhliziyo isondelene nendawo yokwelashwa.

Ubudala nesimo sempilo esiphelele kudlala indima ekutheni ukubekezelela kahle kangakanani ukwelashwa. Abantu abadala noma labo abanezimo eziningi zezempilo bangase bathole ukukhathala okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ubudala bodwa abuvimbeli umuntu ukuthi athole ukwelashwa ngemisebe uma enempilo.

Ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga futhi kubambezela ukuphola. Uma ubhema, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokukhuthaza ngokuqinile ukuthi uyeke ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Bangakunikeza izinsiza nokusekelwa ukukusiza ukuyeka ukubhema.

Usayizi omkhulu webele ngezinye izikhathi ungenza ukwelashwa kube yinselele enkulu ngenxa yemibimbi yesikhumba kanye nokwanda komthamo wemisebe enhliziyweni noma emaphashini. Ithimba lakho lemisebe lizosebenzisa amasu akhethekile ukunciphisa lezi zingozi ngenkathi liqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuvamile ukuthi kuphephile futhi kwamukeleka kahle, kubalulekile ukuqonda zombili izinkinga ezivamile nezingavamile ezingenzeka. Ukwaziswa kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungaxhumana nini nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Izinkinga ezivamile zesikhashana zihlanganisa ukucasuka kwesikhumba okubukeka futhi kuzizwa sengathi ukusha yilanga. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuqala emasontweni angu-2-3 ekwelashweni futhi kuthuthuka kancane kancane emasontweni amaningana ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Abanye abantu futhi bahlangabezana nokuvuvukala kwamabele, ukuba nobumnene, noma izinguquko ngosayizi noma ukuma kwamabele.

Ukukhathala ngomunye umphumela ovamile ongahlala amasonto amaningana noma izinyanga ngemuva kokwelashwa. Lokhu ukukhathala kuvame ukuzizwa kuhluke ekukhathaleni okuvamile futhi kungase kuze futhi kuhambe ngokungalindelekile. Amazinga akho wamandla kufanele abuyele kancane kancane kokujwayelekile, nakuba le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga eziningana.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zingathinta inhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ngomdlavuza wamabele ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Amasu emisebe yesimanje anciphise kakhulu le ngozi, kodwa izinkinga zenhliziyo zesikhathi eside zingenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kweminyaka yokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist wemisebe usebenzisa amasu akhethekile okuhlela ukunciphisa ukuchayeka emisebeni enhliziyweni yakho.

Izinkinga zamaphaphu azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala kwezicubu zamaphaphu. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Le miphumela ivame ukuba mncane futhi ilawuleka, kodwa udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okulandelayo.

Ngezikhathi ezingavamile, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungakhuphula ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibili endaweni ewelashwayo. Le ngozi incane kakhulu - ngaphansi kuka-1% - futhi ngokuvamile yenzeka ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokwelashwa. Izinzuzo zokwelashwa ngemisebe ekuvikeleni ukuphindeka komdlavuza webele zidlula le ngozi encane.

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezinguquko ekubukekeni kwamabele, okuhlanganisa umehluko ngosayizi, ukuma, noma ukuthungwa uma kuqhathaniswa nebele elingelashwanga. Lezi zinguquko zivame ukuba zicashile futhi zithuthuke kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemva kokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lezempilo uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubuza imibuzo futhi uthole ukuqinisekiswa kunokukhathazeka ngokungadingekile.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqala izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokwelashwa, njengokwanda kobubomvu, ukufudumala, ubomvu, noma imigqa ebomvu evela endaweni ewelashwayo. Umkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi uma ungu-100.4°F (38°C) noma ngaphezulu, futhi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu okubangela ukuvela kwamabhamuza, izilonda ezivulekile, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha. Ngenkathi olunye ukucasuka kwesikhumba kujwayelekile, ukusabela okukhulu kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi mhlawumbe ikhefu elincane lokwelashwa ukuze kuvumele ukuphola.

Izinkinga zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, kufanele zihlolwe ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukucasuka kwamaphaphu emisebeni futhi zingase zidinge ukwelashwa noma ukuqapha.

Xhumana nethimba lakho lezempilo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obungajwayelekile besifuba, ikakhulukazi uma bunzima noma buhlukile kunanoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki owake waba nakho ngaphambili. Izinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo azivamile kodwa zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Unganqikazi ukufinyelela ngezinkinga ezingaphuthumi kakhulu futhi. Ukukhathala okungajwayelekile okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, isicanucanu esiqhubekayo, noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo konke kufanele kuthole ukunakwa nokusekelwa eqenjini lakho lezempilo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wamabele

Q.1 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubuhlungu?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngokwako akunabuhlungu - ngeke uzwe lutho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwangempela. Inqubo ifana nokuba ne-X-ray, kodwa kuthatha imizuzu embalwa.

Noma kunjalo, imiphumela emibi efana nokucasuka kwesikhumba kungadala ukungakhululeki okuthuthuka kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Lokhu kungakhululeki kulawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwesikhumba okufanele kanye nemithi uma kudingeka. Abantu abaningi baqhathanisa nalokhu nokusha kwelanga okuthuthuka kancane kancane bese kuphela kancane kancane.

Q.2 Ngizoba nemisebe ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Cha, ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemisebe yangaphandle akukwenzi ube nemisebe. Ungaba ngokuphephile emndenini, abangane, izingane, nezilwane ezifuywayo ngokushesha ngemva kweseshini ngayinye yokwelashwa.

Imisebe ikhona kuphela ngemizuzu embalwa lapho umshini uvuliwe futhi uqondiswe kuwe. Uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, akukho misebe esele emzimbeni wakho. Awudingi ukuthatha noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile nabanye.

Q.3 Ngingasebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Abantu abaningi baqhubeka nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe, nakuba kungase kudingeke ukuthi ulungise isimiso sakho noma umthwalo wakho womsebenzi. Ukuqokwa kokwelashwa kuvame ukuba kufushane, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuwahlela ngaphambi noma ngemva komsebenzi.

Ukukhathala kungase kuvele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngakho-ke cabangela ukuxoxa ngamalungiselelo omsebenzi aguquguqukayo nomqashi wakho. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi kudingeka banciphise amahora abo noma bathathe izinsuku ezingajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emasontweni alandelayo okwelashwa.

Q.4 Zithatha isikhathi esingakanani izimo ezingezinhle ngemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe?

Izimo eziningi ezingezinhle ezivela ekwelashweni ngemisebe zingezesikhashana futhi zithuthuka kancane kancane ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Ushintsho esikhumbeni ngokuvamile luyelapha phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-6, kanti ukukhathala kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi kulungiswe ngokuphelele.

Ezinye izinguquko, njengomehluko omncane ekubukekeni kwesifuba noma ukuthungwa kwesikhumba, kungase kube unomphela kodwa ngokuvamile zincane. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokuqapha nganoma yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokuqokwa okulandelayo okuvamile.

Q.5 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungayelapha umdlavuza wamabele?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza ubuye. Uma kuhlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa kanye nokunye ukwelashwa, kunomthelela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu okuphulukiswa komdlavuza wamabele wesigaba sokuqala.

Umgomo wokwelashwa ngemisebe ukususa noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuphila isikhathi eside. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abesifazane abathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemuva kwe-lumpectomy banamazinga okuphila alingana nalabo abahlinzwa i-mastectomy.