Liyini i-Rh Factor Blood Test? Injongo, Amazinga/Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-Rh factor blood test inquma ukuthi ngabe unayo yini iphrotheni ethile ebizwa nge-Rh antigen kuma-red blood cells akho. Lolu vivinyo olulula lwegazi lukutshela ukuthi ngabe uyi-Rh-positive (unayo iphrotheni) noma i-Rh-negative (awunayo). Ukuqonda isimo sakho se-Rh kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukumpontshelwa igazi, kanye nokufakelwa izitho zomzimba ngoba kusiza ekuvikeleni izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Yini i-Rh Factor?

I-Rh factor iyiphrotheni ehlala ebusweni bama-red blood cells akho, njengokungathi yithegi yegama ekhomba uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Uma unayo le phrotheni, uthathwa njenge-Rh-positive, futhi uma ungenayo, uyi-Rh-negative. Cishe ama-85% abantu yi-Rh-positive, kuyilapho ama-15% eyi-Rh-negative.

Isimo sakho se-Rh sitholwa kubazali bakho futhi sihlala sinjalo kukho konke ukuphila kwakho. Sisebenza kanye nohlobo lwakho lwegazi lwe-ABO (A, B, AB, noma O) ukudala uhlobo lwakho oluphelele lwegazi, njengo-O-positive noma A-negative.

I-Rh factor ithola igama layo emakhehleni e-rhesus, lapho ososayensi baqala ukuthola le phrotheni ngesikhathi socwaningo ngawo-1940. Ngenkathi empeleni kuneziphrotheni eziningana ze-Rh, ebaluleke kakhulu ngezinhloso zezokwelapha ibizwa nge-RhD.

Kungani kwenziwa i-Rh Factor Blood Test?

I-Rh factor test yenziwa ukuvimbela ukusabela okungase kube yingozi ekuphileni lapho igazi lakho lithintana negazi elinesimo se-Rh esihlukile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha lapho ukuhambisana kwegazi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lolu vivinyo lusiza ukukhomba ukungahambisani kwe-Rh phakathi komama nomntwana. Uma uyi-Rh-negative futhi ingane yakho iyi-Rh-positive, amasosha akho omzimba angase ngokungaqondile ahlole ama-red blood cells engane yakho, ecabanga ukuthi ayizihlaseli zangaphandle.

Ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa igazi, odokotela kumele bazi isimo sakho esiqondile se-Rh ukuze bakufanise negazi elihambisanayo. Ukuthola uhlobo olungalungile lwe-Rh kungabangela ukusabela okukhulu komzimba okubhubhisa amaseli abomvu egazi afakwe.

Lolu vivinyo lubalulekile futhi ngaphambi kokufakelwa izitho zomzimba, ngesikhathi senqubo ethile yezokwelapha, nalapho unikelela ngegazi. Abanye abantu badinga lolu vivinyo njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile noma lapho belungiselela ukuhlinzwa.

Yini Inqubo Yokuhlolwa Kwe-Rh Factor?

Uvivinyo lwe-Rh factor luyindlela eqondile yokudonswa kwegazi elithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela ukuqedela. Uchwepheshe wezempilo uzohlanza indawo encane engalweni yakho, ngokuvamile eduze nendololwane yakho, bese efaka inaliti encane ukuze aqoqe isampula legazi.

Uzozwa ukugwaza okusheshayo lapho inaliti ingena, okufana nokugwazwa okufushane. Ukuqoqwa kwegazi kwangempela kuthatha ngaphansi komzuzu owodwa, futhi abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukukubekezelela.

Ngemva kokuqoqa isampula, uchwepheshe uzosebenzisa ingcindezi endaweni yokubhoboza bese efaka ibhandishi elincane phezu kwayo. Ngokuvamile ungakwazi ukususa ibhandishi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa uma noma yikuphi ukopha okuncane kuyeka.

Isampula legazi liya elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe belixuba ngama-antibody akhethekile. Uma igazi lakho liqhubeka ndawonye (agglutinates) uma lixutshwe nama-anti-Rh antibodies, une-Rh-positive. Uma kungekho ukuqhubeka ndawonye, une-Rh-negative.

Ungalungiselela Kanjani Uvivinyo Lwakho Lwe-Rh Factor?

Awudingi noma yikuphi ukulungiselela okukhethekile ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile, uphuze uketshezi, futhi uthathe imithi yakho evamile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezinemikhono engagxishulwa kalula endololwaneni yakho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kumhlinzeki wezempilo ukufinyelela ingalo yakho ukuze kuthathwe igazi.

Uma unomlando wokuphelelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwegazi, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambili. Bangakwenza ulale phansi ngesikhathi senqubo futhi bakuqaphe ngemva kwalokho ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa kahle.

Cabanga ngokuletha uhlu lwayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, yize ngokuvamile ngeke zithinte imiphumela yakho ye-Rh factor. Abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukuhlala benamanzi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi, njengoba kungenza ukuthola umthambo kube lula.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-Rh Factor?

Imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor izokhombisa ukuthi "positive" noma "negative" kanye nohlobo lwakho lwegazi lwe-ABO. Uma ungumuntu one-Rh-positive, kusho ukuthi unamaprotheni e-Rh ezingxenyeni zakho zegazi elibomvu, okuyinto ejwayelekile.

Umphumela we-Rh-negative usho ukuthi awunawo amaprotheni e-Rh, okwenzeka cishe kuma-15% abantu. Akukho nomphumela ongcono noma omubi kunomunye - bamane nje bayizici ezihlukene eziqediwe, njengokuba namehlo ansundu kunamehlo aluhlaza.

Uhlobo lwakho oluphelele lwegazi luhlanganisa zombili lezi zicucu zolwazi. Isibonelo, uma unegazi lohlobo A futhi une-Rh-positive, uhlobo lwakho lwegazi yi-A-positive. Uma unegazi lohlobo O futhi une-Rh-negative, uhlobo lwakho lwegazi yi-O-negative.

Imiphumela ivame ukutholakala phakathi namahora ambalwa kuya osukwini olulodwa, kuye ngendawo yakho yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ukuthi imiphumela yakho ethile isho ukuthini ngesimo sakho sempilo, ikakhulu uma ukhulelwe noma udinga izinqubo zezokwelapha.

Yiziphi Izici Zengozi Zokungahambisani kwe-Rh?

Ukungahambisani kwe-Rh ikakhulukazi kuthinta abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho umama ene-Rh-negative futhi ubaba ene-Rh-positive. Le nhlanganisela ingaholela engane ye-Rh-positive, idale ukungahambisani okungenzeka phakathi komama nomntwana.

Ingozi yakho incike kakhulu emvelweni wakho womndeni, njengoba isimo se-Rh siqediwe. Abantu abavela eYurophu maningi amathuba okuba ne-Rh-negative, kuyilapho labo abavela e-Afrika, e-Asia, noma e-Native American bavame ukuba ne-Rh-positive.

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-Rh, okwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba edala ama-antibody ngokumelene negazi le-Rh-positive:

• Ukukhulelwa kwangaphambilini ngezingane ezi-Rh-positive
• Ukuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukukhipha isisu okubandakanya ukukhulelwa kwe-Rh-positive
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi ngegazi elingahambisani ne-Rh
• Izinqubo zangaphambi kokuzalwa ezinqamulayo njenge-amniocentesis
• Ukwelashwa kwesisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukukhulelwa okungaphandle kwesibeletho

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imithi yesimanje inezindlela ezinhle zokuvimbela izinkinga zokungahambisani kwe-Rh. Ngokuqapha nokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abanomehluko we-Rh factor bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo nezinqubo zezokwelapha eziphephile.

Ingabe Kungcono Ukuba Ne-Rh Factor Ephezulu Noma Ephansi?

Akukho okuthi "phezulu" noma "phansi" i-Rh factor - unayo i-Rh protein noma awunayo. Ukuba yi-Rh-positive noma i-Rh-negative kumane kuyisici sezakhi zofuzo, njengombala wamehlo akho noma uhlobo lwegazi.

Noma i-Rh-positive noma i-Rh-negative akukuhle noma akunempilo kunenye. Zombili ziyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezinamakhulu ezigidi zabantu ngaphandle kwezinkinga zempilo.

Okuphela kwesikhathi lapho isimo sakho se-Rh siba semqoka ngokwezokwelapha yilapho sihlangana nesimo somunye umuntu esihlukile se-Rh. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukumpontshelwa igazi, noma ukufakelwa izitho.

Abanye abantu bayazibuza ukuthi ukuba yi-Rh-negative kubenza bakhetheke noma bahluke. Ngenkathi kungavamile ukuba yi-Rh-positive, akunikezi noma yiziphi izinzuzo zempilo noma ukungalungi empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.

Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezingaba Khona Zokungahambisani Kwe-Rh?

Ukungahambisani kwe-Rh kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingathí sina, kodwa lezi zivame ukuvikeleka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Okukhathaza kakhulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho umama ongu-Rh-negative ethwele ingane engu-Rh-positive.

Isifo se-hemolytic somntwana osanda kuzalwa yisinkinga esiyinhloko esingase sithuthuke. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-antibody kamama ewela i-placenta futhi ehlasela amaseli abomvu egazi lengane, okubangela ukuthi awohloke ngokushesha kunokuba ingane ingawashintsha.

Ezimweni ezilula, izingane zingase zibe ne-jaundice, lapho isikhumba namazwi abo kubonakala kuphuzi ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Izimo ezinzima kakhulu zingaholela ku-anemia, lapho ingane ingenayo amaseli abomvu egazi anempilo anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo ngempumelelo.

Izinkinga ezinzima ezingenzeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa zihlanganisa:

• I-anemia enkulu enganeni
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanzima kakhulu
• Umonakalo wobuchopho ovela emazingeni aphezulu e-bilirubin
• Ukwakheka kwamanzi ezicutshini zengane (i-hydrops fetalis)
• Ukuzalwa kufile ezimweni ezinzima

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi lezi zinkinga manje azivamile ngenxa yokwelashwa okuvikelayo. Abesifazane abaningi bathola imijovo ye-RhoGAM ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuvimbela amasosha omzimba kamama ukuthi angathuthukisi ama-antibody ngokumelene negazi le-Rh-positive.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ukuze ngihlolwe i-Rh Factor?

Kufanele uthole ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor ngokushesha nje lapho uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, okungcono ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kokuqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kuvumela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi aqaphe ukukhulelwa kwakho ngendlela efanele futhi anikeze ukwelashwa okuvikelayo uma kudingeka.

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa futhi ungazi isimo sakho se-Rh, kuhle ukuthi uhlolwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lolu lwazi lukusiza kanye nodokotela wakho ukuthi nilungiselele ukukhulelwa okunempilo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukumpontshwa kwegazi, ukufakelwa amalunga, noma ukuhlinzwa okukhulu lapho ungase udinge imikhiqizo yegazi. Izibhedlela ngokuvamile zikuhlola lokhu ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kuhle ukwazi isimo sakho kusengaphambili.

Cabangela ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh uma unikelela igazi njalo, njengoba amabhange egazi kudingeka azi uhlobo lwakho oluphelele lwegazi. Abanye abantu nabo bayahlolwa ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi komuntu siqu noma ngezinhloso zokuhlela umndeni.

Uma uke waba nokukhulelwa okungaphumelelanga, ukukhipha isisu, noma ukopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi une-Rh-negative, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ungase udinge umjovo we-RhoGAM ukuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokuhlolwa Kwegazi Le-Rh Factor

Q1: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Rh factor kulungile ekutholeni izifo zofuzo?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor ngokukhethekile kuthola ukuthi ngabe unayo yini iphrotheni ye-Rh emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, kodwa akuklanyelwe ukuthola izifo zofuzo. Kuyisivivinyo sokuthayipha igazi elinquma ukuhambisana kokumpontshelwa kanye nokuhlela ukukhulelwa.

Ngenkathi isimo sakho se-Rh sizuzwa ngofuzo, ukuba nomphumela omuhle noma omubi akubonisi noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo yofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kusebenzela izinjongo zezokwelapha ezihlobene nokuhambisana kwegazi kunokuba ukuhlolwa kofuzo.

Q2: Ingabe ukuba yi-Rh-negative kubangela izinkinga zempilo?

Ukuba yi-Rh-negative akubangeli noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ngokwako. Kumane nje kuyinto eguquguqukayo yofuzo ejwayelekile ukuthi cishe u-15% wabantu banayo ngokwemvelo.

Isikhathi kuphela lapho isimo se-Rh-negative siba semqoka kwezokwelapha yilapho sihlangana negazi le-Rh-positive ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukumpontshelwa, noma ukufakelwa. Noma kunjalo, imithi yesimanje inezindlela ezinhle zokuvimbela izinkinga.

Q3: Ingabe i-Rh factor yami ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

I-Rh factor yakho ayishintshi empilweni yakho yonke. Uzalwa unegazi le-Rh-positive noma le-Rh-negative, futhi lokhu kuhlala njalo kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni.

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi isimo sabo se-Rh singashintsha ngenxa yokugula, imithi, noma ubudala, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki. Uma uthola imiphumela ehlukene ekuhlolweni okuphindwayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yephutha lelabhorathri kunokushintsha kwangempela egazini lakho.

Q4: Ngabe ngidinga ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor?

Akukho ukuzila ukudla okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, futhi ngeke kuthinte imiphumela yakho nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile okulinganisa ushukela noma amazinga e-cholesterol, ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor kubheka kuphela amaprotheni e-red blood cells yakho, angathintwa ukudla noma isiphuzo.

Q5: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor kubuhlungu?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor kuhilela ukudonswa kwegazi okujwayelekile, okuchazwa abantu abaningi njengokucindezela okusheshayo noma ukungakhululeki okufushane. Ukufakwa kwenelidi kwangempela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.

Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane endaweni yokubhoboza usuku noma ezimbili, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuba mnene kakhulu. Inqubo yonke ithatha ngaphansi kwemizuzu emihlanu kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.