Yini i-Spirometry? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-Spirometry iyisivivinyo sokuphefumula esilula esilinganisa ukuthi ungakanani umoya ongawuphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle, nokuthi ungakwenza ngokushesha kangakanani. Cabanga ngayo njengesivivinyo sokufaneleka kwamaphaphu akho - isiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi isimiso sakho sokuphefumula sisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi zikhona izinkinga ezithinta ukuphefumula kwakho.

Yini i-spirometry?

I-Spirometry iyisivivinyo sokusebenza kwamaphaphu esingabuhlungu esilinganisa umthamo wakho wokuphefumula nokugeleza komoya. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uzophefumulela ngaphakathi kudivayisi ebizwa nge-spirometer, eqopha imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokusebenza kwamaphaphu akho.

Uvivinyo lugxila ezilinganisweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuthi mangakanani umoya amaphaphu akho angawubamba nokuthi ungawukhipha ngokushesha kangakanani lowo moya. Lezi zinombolo zisiza odokotela ukuthi babone izinkinga zokuphefumula kusenesikhathi futhi balandele ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Abantu abaningi bathola i-spirometry iqondile futhi ikhululekile. Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-15-30, futhi uzokwazi ukuqhubeka nosuku lwakho olujwayelekile ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

Kungani kwenziwa i-spirometry?

Odokotela batusa i-spirometry ukuze bathole izimo zokuphefumula, baqaphe izinkinga zamaphaphu ezikhona, futhi bahlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ingenye yezindlela ezithembeke kakhulu zokuthola isithombe esicacile sempilo yamaphaphu akho.

Uma ube nezimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula kanzima, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ukuqina kwesifuba, i-spirometry ingasiza ekuhlonzeni imbangela eyisisekelo. Uvivinyo luwusizo ikakhulukazi ekutholeni izimo ezinjengomdlavuza, isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu (COPD), nezinye izifo zokuphefumula.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayale i-spirometry njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo samaphaphu. Lokhu kungabandakanya umlando wokubhema, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali emsebenzini, noma umlando womndeni wezimo zokuphefumula.

Ngesinye isikhathi i-spirometry yenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphaphu akho anempilo ngokwanele i-anesthesia. Kuyasiza futhi ekuqapheni ukuthi imithi ilawula kahle kangakanani izimo ezinjenge-asthma noma i-COPD.

Yini inqubo ye-spirometry?

Inqubo ye-spirometry iqondile futhi yenzeka ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma endaweni ekhethekile yokuhlola. Uzohlala kahle esihlalweni ngenkathi uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ekuqondisa kuyo yonke inqubo.

Okokuqala, uchwepheshe uzobeka isiqeshana esithambile ekhaleni lakho ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi wonke umoya udlula ngomlomo wakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzobeka izindebe zakho ngomlomo ohlanzekile oxhunywe emshinini we-spirometer.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuphefumula kwangempela:

1. Uzothatha umoya ojulile ngangokunokwenzeka, ugcwalise amaphaphu akho ngokuphelele
2. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokhipha umoya kanzima futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka
3. Uchwepheshe uzokuqeqesha ngokuphefumula ngakunye, enikeze imiyalelo ecacile
4. Uzoziphinda le nqubo izikhathi eziningana ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela enembile
5. Ngesinye isikhathi uzokwenza nokuhlolwa kokuphefumula okuhamba kancane, okuzinzile ukuze uthole izilinganiso ezengeziwe

Uchwepheshe uzokukhuthaza kuyo yonke inhlolokhono futhi angakucela ukuthi uzame izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze uthole umzamo wakho ongcono kakhulu. Ungakhathazeki uma uzizwa unesiyezi kancane - lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kuzodlula ngokushesha.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase afune ukubona ukuthi amaphaphu akho asabela kanjani emithini. Uma kunjalo, uzosebenzisa i-inhaler bese uphinda ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15 ukuze uqhathanise imiphumela.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-spirometry?

Ukulungiselela i-spirometry kulula, kodwa ukulandela imihlahlandlela embalwa kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni imiphumela enembile kakhulu. Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa nazi izinyathelo zokulungiselela ezijwayelekile.

Ngosuku lokuhlolwa kwakho, gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezinethezekile ezingeke zikuvimbele ukuphefumula. Gwema amabhande aqinile, amahembe aqinile, noma yini engenza kube nzima ukuthatha ukuphefumula okujulile.

Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uyeke imithi ethile okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kulungiselela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yakho ibonisa ukusebenza kwemvelo kwamaphaphu akho:

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• Gwema ukusebenzisa ama-inhaler okusindisa amahora angu-4-6 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
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• Ungasebenzisi ama-bronchodilators asebenza isikhathi eside amahora angu-12-24 ngaphambi kwalokho
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• Yeqa i-caffeine futhi ugweme ukubhema okungenani amahora angu-4 ngaphambi kwalokho
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• Yidla ukudla okulula kuphela ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho
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• Qhubeka nokuthatha imithi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphandle uma utshelwe ngokuqondile ngenye indlela
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Qiniseka ukuthi utshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo. Bazokusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo oluphephile lwesimo sakho esithile.

Zama ukufika ekuqokweni kwakho uzizwa ukhululekile futhi uphumule kahle. Uma unomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma ukutheleleka ngamaphefumulo, kungcono ukuhlela kabusha ukuhlolwa uma uzizwa kahle ngokuphelele.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-spirometry?

Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho ye-spirometry kuba lula uma wazi ukuthi izinombolo ezibalulekile zisho ukuthini. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela imiphumela yakho ethile, kodwa nakhu okushiwo yizilinganiso eziyinhloko mayelana nokusebenza kwamaphaphu akho.

Izilinganiso ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu yi-FEV1 ne-FVC. I-FEV1 imelela

• 80% noma ngaphezulu wamanani alindelekile: Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile
• 70-79% wamanani alindelekile: Ukwehla okuncane ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu
• 60-69% wamanani alindelekile: Ukwehla okuphakathi nendawo
• 50-59% wamanani alindelekile: Ukwehla okukhulu okuphakathi nendawo
• Ngezansi kuka-50% wamanani alindelekile: Ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu

Isilinganiso phakathi kwe-FEV1 ne-FVC sibalulekile futhi. Isilinganiso esivamile sivame ukuba ngu-0.75 noma ngaphezulu, okusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukukhipha okungenani u-75% womthamo wakho wamaphaphu ngomzuzwana wokuqala.

Udokotela wakho uzobheka zonke lezi zinombolo ndawonye, kanye nezimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha, ukuze athole isithombe esiphelele sempilo yamaphaphu akho. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okukodwa kumane kuyisithombe esisodwa - udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe ukuze alandelele izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ungawathuthukisa kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-spirometry?

Ngenkathi ungeke ukwazi ukushintsha umthamo wakho wamaphaphu wemvelo, kunezindlela eziningana zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho futhi okungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise imiphumela yakho ye-spirometry ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okubalulekile ukugxila empilweni yokuphefumula iyonke nokulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho.

Uma ubhema, ukuyeka yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongathatha sempilo yamaphaphu akho. Noma ngabe ubelokhu ubhema iminyaka eminingi, amaphaphu akho aqala ukuphola futhi asebenze kangcono kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa uyekile.

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho nokuphefumula kahle. Le misebenzi ingaba yinzuzo enkulu empilweni yakho yokuphefumula:

• Ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ukuze uqine inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
• Ukuvivinya umzimba kokuphefumula namasu afana nokuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic
• I-Yoga noma i-tai chi yokulawula umoya nokuphumula
• Ukucula noma ukudlala izinsimbi zomoya ukuqinisa imisipha yokuphefumula
• Izinhlelo zokuvuselela amaphaphu uma zinconywe udokotela wakho

Ukunatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe kubalulekile ekuphatheni izimo ezinjenge-asthma noma i-COPD. Ungagxumi imithamo noma uyeke imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Ukwenza ngcono ukugwema izinto ezicasulayo zokuphefumula kungasiza futhi ukuvikela ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukugwema intuthu yesibili, imikhiqizo enamandla yamakhemikhali, nokungcola komoya uma kungenzeka.

Uma unezifo zokungezwani komzimba, ukuziphatha ngempumelelo kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala emoyeni wakho futhi kuthuthukise ukuphefumula kwakho. Udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi yokungezwani komzimba noma aphakamise izindlela zokugwema izinto ezikucasulayo.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zemiphumela engavamile ye-spirometry?

Izici eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela engavamile ye-spirometry, futhi ukuqonda lezi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yamaphaphu akho. Ezinye izici eziyingozi ongazilawula, kanti ezinye ziyingxenye yokwakheka kwakho kwemvelo.

Ukubhema yisona esikhulu kakhulu esilawulekayo esiyingozi sokusebenza kwamaphaphu okungahlelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ugwayi, usigidi, amapayipi, ngisho nokuchayeka entuthwini yesibili iminyaka eminingi.

Ukwambulwa kwemvelo nokomsebenzi kungathinta kakhulu impilo yamaphaphu akho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zici eziyingozi zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile:

• Ukwambulwa isikhathi eside othulini, amakhemikhali, noma intuthu emsebenzini
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okungcola komoya
• Ukwambulwa ku-asbestos, i-silica, noma ezinye izinhlayiya eziyingozi
• Ukungcola komoya ngaphakathi endlini okuvela ezitofini zokushisa izinkuni noma ukungena komoya okungahlelekile
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivamile ngesikhathi sobuntwana

Ezinye izici eziyingozi zingaphandle kokulawula kwakho kodwa zisabalulekile ukuzazi. Umlando womndeni wezifo zamaphaphu njenge-asthma, i-COPD, noma i-pulmonary fibrosis ingakhuphula ingozi yakho.

Ubudala buwathinta ngokwemvelo umsebenzi wamaphaphu - ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-25, umthamo wamaphaphu wehla kancane ngonyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele, kodwa izimo ezinjenge-COPD zingasheshisa lokhu kwehlisa.

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nazo zingathinta imiphumela yakho ye-spirometry. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, ukukhubazeka kodonga lwesifuba, izifo ze-neuromuscular, kanye nezifo zamaphaphu zangaphambili noma ukulimala.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zemiphumela ephansi ye-spirometry?

Imiphumela ephansi ye-spirometry ivame ukukhombisa izimo zamaphaphu ezingaphansi, okuthi, uma zingelashwa, zingaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kungakusiza ukuthi usebenzisane eduze nethimba lakho lezempilo ekwelashweni nasekuphathweni.

Ukuncipha komsebenzi wamaphaphu kungenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe yinselele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungase uzithole uphelelwa umoya kalula lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi, uhamba amabanga amade, noma ngisho nasezintweni zansuku zonke ezivamile.

Lapho umsebenzi wamaphaphu ukhubazeka kakhulu, umzimba wakho ungase ungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ngisho nasekuphumuleni. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezikhathazayo:

• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka ngamathambo okuphefumula njenge-pneumonia
• Ukucindezeleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima ukuphusha igazi ngamaphaphu alimele
• Ukuncipha kokubekezelela ukuzivocavoca nokufaneleka komzimba
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nemikhawulo yokuphefumula

Ezimweni ezinzima, umsebenzi wamaphaphu ophansi ungaqhubekela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula, lapho amaphaphu engakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngomoya-mpilo owanele noma ukususa i-carbon dioxide eyanele egazini. Lesi yisimo esibi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu abanomsebenzi wamaphaphu onciphile kakhulu bangase badinge ekugcineni ukwelashwa ngomoya-mpilo owengeziwe ukuze bagcine amazinga omoya-mpilo afanele egazini labo. Ngenkathi lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, ukwelashwa ngomoya-mpilo kungakusiza ngempela ukuthi uzizwe unamandla futhi ukhululekile.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngemithi efanele nokuphathwa, izinkinga eziningi zingavinjelwa noma zihlehliswe kakhulu. Ukutholwa ngokushesha ngokuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kuvumela ukungenelela ngesikhathi kanye nemiphumela engcono yesikhathi eside.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela we-spirometry?

Kufanele ucabangele ukubuza udokotela wakho mayelana ne-spirometry uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo noma unezici eziyingozi zesifo samaphaphu. Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kungabamba izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Ukuphefumula kanzima okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi obuvame ukuyenza kalula, kufanele kuhlolwe nge-spirometry.

Lezi zimpawu zikhomba ukuthi kungase kube yisikhathi sokuxoxa ngokuhlolwa kwe-spirometry nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo:

• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okuthatha amasonto ambalwa
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngesikhathi semisebenzi ejwayelekile
• Ukuhwihla noma imisindo yokushaya uma uphefumula
• Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ukuzwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthola umoya owanele
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivamile
• Ukukhathala okungase kuhlobane nezinkinga zokuphefumula

Noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-spirometry uma unezici eziyingozi ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu obhemayo noma owayebhema, usebenza endaweni enezinto ezicasulayo zamaphaphu, noma unomlando womndeni wesifo samaphaphu.

Uma usuvele utholwe isimo samaphaphu esifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD, ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry okuvamile kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe isimo sakho futhi alungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Ungalindi ukuthi izimpawu zibe zimbi - ukuqapha okuvikelayo kubalulekile.

Thembela emizweni yakho mayelana nokuphefumula kwakho. Uma kukhona okuzizwa kuhluke noma kukhathaza, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukukuhlola. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi i-spirometry ilungile yini ngesimo sakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-spirometry

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kulungile ekuxilongweni kwe-asthma?

Yebo, i-spirometry ilungele ukuxilonga i-asthma futhi ithathwa njengenye yezivivinyo ezithembeke kakhulu zalesi simo. Ingakhombisa iphethini elibonakalayo yokuvaleka komoya okuthuthukayo ngemithi ye-bronchodilator.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, abantu abane-asthma ngokuvamile bakhombisa ukwehla kokugeleza komoya okuthuthuka kakhulu ngemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kuyisici esibalulekile esisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlukanise i-asthma nezinye izimo zokuphefumula.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe imiphumela ephansi ye-spirometry ibangela ukukhathazeka?

Imiphumela ephansi ye-spirometry ayibangeli ngokuqondile ukukhathazeka, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ingaba nomthelela emizweni yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka ngempilo yakho. Kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma ufunda ngomsebenzi wamaphaphu owanciphile.

Nokho, ubunzima bokuphefumula ngokwabo ngezinye izikhathi bungabangela izimpawu zokukhathazeka, okudala umjikelezo lapho ukukhathazeka ngokuphefumula kwenza inkinga izizwe ibi kakhulu. Ukusebenza nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuzo zombili izici zomzimba nezingokomzwelo zezimo zamaphaphu kungasiza kakhulu.

Umbuzo 3. Ingabe i-spirometry ingathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

I-Spirometry ayikwazi ukuthola ngokuqondile umdlavuza wamaphaphu, njengoba ilinganisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kunokuthi ibheke izimila noma ukukhula okungavamile. Nokho, ingase ikhombise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu okunciphile uma isimila sikhulu ngokwanele ukuvala izindlela zomoya noma sithinte ukuphefumula.

Uma udokotela wakho esola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, uzo-oda ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba, ama-CT scan, noma ezinye izifundo zokucabanga. I-Spirometry ilusizo olukhulu ekuxilongeni izimo ezinjenge-asthma, i-COPD, nezinye izinkinga zamaphaphu ezingokomsebenzi.

Umbuzo 4. Kufanele ngiyiphinde kangaki ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kuncike esimweni sakho ngasinye kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo zamaphaphu ongase ube nazo. Kubantu abane-asthma noma i-COPD, odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuhlolwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6-12 ukuze baqaphe isimo.

Uma uqeqeshwa ngesimo samaphaphu, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlolwa kaningi ukuze abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ukuze kuhlolwe impilo ejwayelekile kubantu abasengozini enkulu, ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni embalwa kungase kufanele.

Q.5 Zikhona yini izingozi noma imiphumela emibi evela ku-spirometry?

I-Spirometry iphephile kakhulu enezingozi ezincane kubantu abaningi. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yesikhashana futhi ithambile, njengokuzizwa unesiyezi kancane noma ukukhathala ngemva kokuzivocavoca kokuphefumula ngamandla.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhwehlela okufushane noma bazizwe bekhathele ngemva kokuhlolwa, kodwa le miphumela ivamise ukuxazululeka ngemizuzu. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kungase kubangele ubunzima bokuphefumula kubantu abanesifuba esikhulu, kodwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bayazi ukuthi bangazisingatha kanjani lezi zimo ngokuphepha.