Liyini i-Stool DNA Test? Injongo, Amazinga/Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-stool DNA test iyithuluzi elilula lokuhlola elibheka izinguquko zofuzo kanye nezimpawu zegazi esampulini yakho yesitulo ezingase zibonise umdlavuza wamathumbu noma ukukhula okungaphambi komdlavuza. Ungaqoqa isampula ekhaya usebenzisa ikhithi ekhethekile, okwenza kube enye indlela elula ezinqubweni zokuhlola ezinzima njenge-colonoscopy.

Lolu vivinyo lusebenza ngokuthola amaphethini e-DNA angajwayelekile amaseli omdlavuza nama-polyps amakhulu akhipha esitulweni sakho. Inguqulo evame kakhulu ibizwa nge-Cologuard, ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA nokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe ukuze inikeze odokotela umbono ocacile wempilo yamathumbu akho.

Yini i-stool DNA test?

I-stool DNA test ihlola ukunyakaza kwamathumbu akho ukuze kutholwe izimpawu ezincane zezinto zofuzo okungafanele zibe khona. Lapho amaseli amathumbu akho eba nomdlavuza noma ekhula abe ama-polyps amakhulu, akhipha i-DNA engajwayelekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi amanani amancane egazi emgudwini wakho wokugaya ukudla.

Uvivinyo lubamba lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu. Yenzelwe ngokuqondile abantu abasengozini ephakathi nendawo yomdlavuza wamathumbu, ngokuvamile labo abaneminyaka engu-45 nangaphezulu abangenalo umlando womndeni noma izimpawu zomuntu siqu.

Kucabange njengomphenyi wama-molecular ongabona inkinga ebilayo emathunjini akho. Uvivinyo lubheka izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezivame ukutholakala emidlavuzeni yamathumbu, ngaphezu kwalokho ihlola i-hemoglobin, ekhombisa ukopha amehlo akho angakwazi ukukubona.

Kungani kwenziwa i-stool DNA test?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome lolu vivinyo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile komdlavuza wamathumbu, ikakhulukazi uma ungafuni ukuhlolwa nge-colonoscopy. Isebenza njengendawo emaphakathi ephumelelayo phakathi kokuhlolwa kwegazi elilula esitulweni nezinqubo ezinzima.

Inhloso enkulu ukubamba umdlavuza wamathumbu ngaphambi kokuba usheshe ukwelashwa, noma ukuthola ama-polyps amakhulu ngaphambi kokuba abe nomdlavuza. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma umdlavuza wamathumbu utholakala ngesikhathi, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuba yigugu ikakhulukazi uma unokukhathazeka ngokulungiselela i-colonoscopy, ukuthuliswa, noma isikhathi sokuphumula emsebenzini. Kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe isinqumo sokuhlolwa kwempilo yakho usuka ekhaya lakho ngenkathi usathola imiphumela ethembekile.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo?

Inqubo iqala lapho udokotela wakho e-oda ukuhlolwa bese kuthunyelwa ikhithi yokuqoqa ekhaya lakho. Uzothola imiyalelo enemininingwane, iziqukathi zokuqoqa, nezinto zokuthumela ezikhokhelwe ngaphambili ukuthumela isampula lakho elebhu.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqoqa:

1. Qoqa ukuhamba kwamathumbu okuphelele esitsheni esinikeziwe
2. Sebenzisa i-probe ekhethekile ukuqoqa amasampula ezindaweni ezihlukene zesitulo
3. Beka isampula kusixazululo sokugcina esifakwe kukhithi
4. Vala konke ngokuya ngemiyalelo
5. Thumela isampula emuva elebhu ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe

Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa nje yesikhathi sakho. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula futhi kungabi nengcindezi kangako kunokulungiselela ezinye izivivinyo zokuhlola.

Ochwepheshe baselebhu bazohlaziya isampula lakho besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulandelana kwe-DNA. Imiphumela ivame ukufika phakathi nesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemuva kokuthi elebhu ithole isampula lakho.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-DNA yesitulo?

Ukulungiselela lolu vivinyo kulula ngendlela emangalisayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuhlola umdlavuza wamathumbu. Akudingeki ukuthi ulandele ukudla okukhethekile, uyeke imithi, noma ushintshe imikhuba yakho yokudla ngaphambi kokuqoqa isampula lakho.

Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sibalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile kakhulu. Qoqa isampula lakho ekuhambeni kwamathumbu okwenzeka ngokwemvelo kunokusebenzisa izithambisi noma ama-enemas, okungaphazamisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa.

Qiniseka ukuthi unayo isitsha esihlanzekile, esomile sokubamba isampula lakho lendle. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukubeka ipulasitiki phezu kwesitsha sangasese noma basebenzise isitsha esilahlayo ukuze kwenze ukuqoqa kube lula.

Gwema ukuqoqa amasampula ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, njengoba igazi elivela kulowo mthombo lingathinta imiphumela. Uma uhlangabezana nohudo noma ubesebenzisa ama-antibiotics muva nje, xoxa ngesikhathi nodokotela wakho.

Ungayifunda kanjani inhlolokhono yakho ye-DNA yendle?

Imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yendle ibuyela njengoba ilungile noma ingalungile, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda. Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akutholanga amazinga akhathazayo e-DNA engavamile noma igazi esampuleni lakho.

Umphumela omuhle ukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kutholwe izinguquko zofuzo noma igazi elidinga ukucwaningwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unomdlavuza, kodwa kusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, ngokuvamile i-colonoscopy, ukuze unqume ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zitholakele.

Ukuhlolwa kunenani lokutholwa elingaba ngu-92% ngomdlavuza we-colorectal kanye cishe ngama-69% kuma-polyps amakhulu angase abe nomdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi kungaveza okuhle okungamanga, okusho ukuthi kuthola ukungajwayelekile okutholakala kungalimazi.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela imiphumela yakho ethile futhi axoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye. Bazobuye bacabangele izimpawu zakho, umlando womndeni, nempilo yonke lapho behumusha imiphumela yakho.

Ungayilungisa kanjani izinga lakho lokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yendle?

Ngeke ukwazi ngempela "ukulungisa" umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yendle ngoba iyithuluzi lokuhlola kunokukala okuthile ongakulawula ngokuqondile. Noma kunjalo, ungenza izinyathelo zokusekela impilo yakho yonke yamathumbu futhi unciphise ingozi yakho yomdlavuza we-colorectal.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kuphuma kulungile, isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe udokotela wakho akukhuthazayo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuhlela i-colonoscopy ukuze ubone ngqo emathunjini akho amakhulu futhi unqume ukuthi yini ebangela okutholakele okungajwayelekile.

Ukuze uthole impilo yamathumbu amakhulu yesikhathi eside, cabangela lezi zindlela zokuphila ezingasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho:

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• Yidla ukudla okunothe ngemfucumfucu efana nezithelo, imifino, kanye okusanhlamvu okuphelele
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• Nciphisa ukudla inyama esetshenzwayo nenyama ebomvu
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• Zivocavoce njalo ukuze ugcine uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla lusempilweni
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• Gwema ukubhema futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
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• Gcina isisindo esinempilo
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Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zisekela impilo yokugaya ukudla iyonke futhi zingasiza ekuvikeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwama-polyps nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukushintsha umphumela wokuhlolwa oseluvele lwenziwe.

Yini izinga elingcono kakhulu lokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo akukali amazinga ngomqondo wendabuko, ngakho-ke akukho izinga

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo ongajwayelekile. Ubudala buyisici esiyingozi esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba iningi lomdlavuza wamathumbu olukhulu lwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, nakuba imihlahlandlela manje incoma ukuhlolwa kuqala eneminyaka engu-45.

Umlando wakho womndeni udlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwakho. Ukuba nomzali, umzalwane, noma ingane enomdlavuza wamathumbu olukhulu kwandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa lesi sifo ngokwakho, okungenzeka kuholele emiphumeleni emihle yokuhlolwa.

Nawa amanye ama-risk factors amakhulu angaba nomthelela emiphumeleni engajwayelekile:

• Umlando womuntu siqu wama-polyps wamathumbu olukhulu noma isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo
• Izifo zofuzo ezinjenge-Lynch syndrome noma i-familial adenomatous polyposis
• Ukudla okunenyama eningi esetshenzwayo futhi enefayibha encane
• Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
• Ukukhuluphala nokuphila impilo engasebenzi
• Uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi banqume izimiso ezifanele zokuhlolwa futhi bahumushe imiphumela ngokuya ngomongo. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza wamathumbu olukhulu ungenza kubantu abangenazo izici eziyingozi, yingakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuhlala kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo ophezulu noma ophansi?

Lo mbuzo ubonisa ukuqonda okungafanele ngendlela izivivinyo ze-DNA yesitulo ezisebenza ngayo. Ngokungafani nezivivinyo zegazi ezilinganisa amazinga ezinto emzimbeni wakho, izivivinyo ze-DNA yesitulo zinikeza umphumela omuhle noma omubi ngokusekelwe ekutheni zithola yini izimpawu ezithile zofuzo kanye nezimpawu zegazi.

Umphumela omubi ngokuqinisekile yilokho ofuna ukukuthola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akutholanga amazinga akhathazayo e-DNA engajwayelekile noma igazi elifihliwe esampulini yakho, okusikisela ukuthi amathumbu akho olukhulu abonakala enempilo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Umphumela omuhle akudingeki ukuthi "phezulu" noma "phansi" kodwa kunalokho ukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kutholile izinguquko zemvelo noma igazi elidinga ukucwaningwa okwengeziwe. Ukuhlolwa akuhlinzeki ngesikolo esinamanani noma izinga elingaqhathaniswa nebanga elijwayelekile.

Cabanga ngakho njengesitholi somusi ekhaya lakho. Akulinganisi amazinga ahlukene omusi, kumane kukuxwayise uma kunomusi owanele wokufuna ukunakwa. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo kuxwayisa udokotela wakho uma kukhona okutholakele okukhathazayo okwanele ukuncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo okungajwayelekile?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo ongajwayelekile ngokwawo awubangeli izinkinga zomzimba, kodwa kungadala ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo nokukhathazeka ngenkathi ulindele ukuhlolwa okulandelayo. Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngokushesha ngokuba nomdlavuza, yize imiphumela emihle ivame ukuba nezincazelo ezingelona iqiniso.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ngomphumela omuhle yilokho okungase kukhombe kunokuba umphumela wokuhlolwa ngokwawo. Uma ukuhlolwa kutholile umdlavuza wamathumbu wasekuqaleni noma ama-polyps amakhulu, isimo esingaphansi sidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka.

Noma kunjalo, imiphumela engamanga emihle ingaholela ekukhathazekeni okungadingekile nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi cishe u-13% wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo okuhle kuvela ukuthi kungamanga okuhle, okusho ukuthi i-colonoscopy elandelayo ayivezi umdlavuza noma ama-polyps abalulekile.

Izinkinga ezingavamile zingavela ezinqubweni zokulandela kunokuba ukuhlolwa kwesitulo ngokwako. Uma umphumela wakho omuhle uholela ku-colonoscopy, leyo nqubo ithwala izingozi ezincane zokopha, ukugqobhoza, noma ukusabela okungalungile ekuthuliseni, yize izinkinga ezinzima zenzeka kwabambalwa kunabangu-1 kwabangu-1,000.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo esibi?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo ongemuhle ngokuvamile uyaduduza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akukho ukuhlolwa okuyisikrini okuyi-100% okuphelele. Okukhathaza kakhulu ngemiphumela engemihle yithuba lokuthi kube khona okungemanga, lapho ukuhlolwa kungaboni umdlavuza okhona noma ama-polyps.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo kungase kungaboni cishe u-8% wemidlavuza ye-colorectal kanye cishe u-31% wama-polyps amakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanye abantu abanemiphumela engemihle bangase babe nezimo ezidinga ukunakekelwa.

Ingozi yokungemanga ivame ukuba phezulu kuma-polyps amancane kanye nemidlavuza esesigabeni sokuqala. Lezi zimo zingase zingakhiphi i-DNA engavamile eyanele noma igazi ukuze kuqale umphumela omuhle, okungenzeka ukuthi kulibazise ukuxilongwa.

Enye inkinga engaba khona ukuthi imiphumela engemihle ingase inikeze abanye abantu umuzwa wokuphepha ongamanga, okubenza bangazinaki izimpawu noma bangeqi ekuqokweni okuzayo kokuhlolwa. Noma ngabe uthole ukuhlolwa okungemuhle, kufanele usaxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uba nezimpawu ezikhathazayo njengoshintsho oluqhubekayo emikhubeni yamathumbu, igazi esitulweni, noma ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngoba ngithole ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola umphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo. Bazokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi umphumela usho ukuthini futhi bahlele ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okufanele, ngokuvamile i-colonoscopy, ukuze kutholakale imbangela yokutholakele okungavamile.

Ungalindi noma uzame ukuchaza imiphumela uwedwa. Isikhathi singaba esibalulekile uma ukuhlolwa kuthola umdlavuza osaqala noma ama-polyps amakhulu, futhi ukulandela ngokushesha kukunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphumelela ekwelashweni uma kudingeka.

Noma ngabe uthole umphumela ongemuhle, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho uma uba nezimpawu ezikhathazayo. Lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungakhathaliseki imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa yakamuva:

• Igazi esitulweni sakho noma izitulo ezimnyama, ezinamathelayo
• Ushintsho oluqhubekayo emikhubeni yamathumbu oluhlala amasonto angaphezu kwambalwa
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo noma ukuqaqamba
• Umuzwa wokuthi awukwazi ukukhipha amathumbu akho ngokuphelele

Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlela ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuze uxoxe ngohlelo lwakho oluqhubekayo lokuhlola. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi udinga nini ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo kwe-DNA yesitulo noma ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokuhlola zingase zifaneleke kakhulu ngokuya ngezici zakho eziyingozi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo

Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamathumbu?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo kuyithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuthola umdlavuza wamathumbu, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi libamba cishe u-92% womdlavuza okhona. Lokhu kubenza bazwele kakhulu kunezivivinyo ezindala ezisekelwe esitulweni ezazibheka kuphela igazi.

Ukuhlolwa kulunge kakhulu ekutholeni imidlavuza emikhulu, ethuthukile eyeka i-DNA engavamile esitulweni. Kodwa-ke, akusebenzi kangako ekutholeni ama-polyps amancane kanye nemidlavuza esigabeni sokuqala uma iqhathaniswa ne-colonoscopy.

Kubantu abasengozini ejwayelekile abakhetha ukuhlolwa okungahlaseli, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo kunikeza ibhalansi enhle yokunemba nokulula. Kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abangase bagweme ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokukhathazeka nge-colonoscopy.

Umbuzo 2: Ingabe umphumela ophezulu wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo ubangela umdlavuza?

Cha, umphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo awubangeli umdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kumane nje kuthola izinguquko zofuzo kanye nezimpawu zegazi ezingase zibonise ukuthi umdlavuza noma izimo ezingaphambi komdlavuza seziphambi kwamathumbu akho.

Cabanga ngokuhlolwa njengomthunywa obika lokho akutholayo, hhayi njengento edala inkinga. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kulungile, kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kutholile izinguquko ezikhathazayo ezidinga ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuze kutholwe imbangela yazo.

Isimo esingaphansi esibangele umphumela omuhle, njengama-polyps noma umdlavuza, sathuthuka ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni ngokuhlolwa empeleni kuthuthukisa amathuba akho okuphumelela ekwelashweni uma kutholakala isimo esibi.

Q3: Kufanele ngiphinde kangaki ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo?

Imihlahlo yezokwelapha incoma ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo njalo eminyakeni emithathu uma imiphumela yakho ingemihle futhi usahlala engozini evamile yomdlavuza we-colorectal. Lesi sikhawu silinganisa ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo nokucatshangelwa okusebenzayo.

Isikhathi seminyaka emithathu sisekelwe ocwaningweni olukhombisa ukuthi imidlavuza ye-colorectal ivame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ama-polyps abe nomdlavuza. Lolu hlelo lusiza ukubamba izinkinga zisasekuqaleni ngenkathi kugwenywa ukuhlolwa okungadingekile.

Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase ancome isikhathi esihlukile esisekelwe ezingozini zakho ngazinye, umlando womndeni, noma uma uba nezimpawu phakathi kokuhlolwa okuhleliwe. Njalo landela izincomo ezithile zomnikezeli wakho wezempilo ngesimo sakho.

Q4: Ingabe imithi ingawathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo?

Imithi eminingi ayiphazamisi kakhulu imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo, okuyinzuzo eyodwa yale ndlela yokuhlola. Ngokuvamile akudingeki ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphambi kokuqoqa isampula lakho.

Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamuva kwama-antibiotic kungase kuthinte ukunemba kokuhlolwa ngokushintsha imvelo yamabhaktheriya emathunjini akho amakhulu. Uma uthathe ama-antibiotics emasontweni ambalwa edlule, xoxa ngesikhathi nodokotela wakho.

Imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-aspirin noma i-warfarin ngokuvamile ayiphazamisi ingxenye ye-DNA yokuhlolwa, kodwa ingase ikhulise amathuba okuthola igazi esitulweni sakho. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekuhumusheni imiphumela ngokuya ngemithi yakho.

Q5: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo kungcono kune-colonoscopy?

Uvivinyo lwe-DNA yesitulo kanye ne-colonoscopy ngalinye linamathuba ahlukile, okwenza ukuthi kufaneleke ezimweni ezihlukene kunokuthi kube khona okukodwa okungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Colonoscopy isahlala iyindinganiso yegolide yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamathumbu ngoba ingathola futhi isuse ama-polyps ngendlela efanayo.

Inzuzo enkulu yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo ukulula nokunethezeka. Ungaqoqa isampula ekhaya ngaphandle kokulungiselela, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, noma ukuthuliswa. Lokhu kukwenza kube yindlela enhle kubantu abangase bagweme ukuhlolwa.

Kodwa-ke, i-colonoscopy inembile kakhulu, ibamba cishe u-95% wama-polyps amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-69% wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesitulo. Uma usengozini enkulu noma unezimpawu ezikhathazayo, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma i-colonoscopy ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuphelele kakhulu.