Yini i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Emtricitabine-rilpivirine-and-tenofovir-alafenamide iyikhambi elihlanganisiwe elisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abadala nasebancane. Le pilisi eyodwa iqukethe imithi emithathu ehlukene ye-HIV esebenza ngokubambisana ukusiza ukulawula igciwane emzimbeni wakho.

Ungase uyazi le mithi ngegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi Odefsey. Yenzelwe ukwenza ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kube lula ngokuhlanganisa imithi emithathu esebenzayo ibe yithebhulethi eyodwa yansuku zonke, engakusiza ukuthi unamathele ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha kalula.

Yini i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Le mithi iyindlela ephelele yokwelapha i-HIV epilisi eyodwa. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zemithi ye-HIV ehlasela igciwane ngezindlela ezihlukene ukulivimbela ukuthi lingaphindaphindi emzimbeni wakho.

Izingxenye ezintathu zisebenza njengeqembu. I-Emtricitabine ne-tenofovir alafenamide zombili ziyizithiyo ze-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, kuyilapho i-rilpivirine iyi-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Cabanga ngazo njengokuvimba izindlela ezihlukene igciwane le-HIV elidinga ukuzala.

Le nhlanganisela ithathwa njengendlela ephelele yokwelapha, okusho ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi uthathe eminye imithi ye-HIV ngayo. Udokotela wakho uzokunika lokhu uma kufaneleka ngesimo sakho esithile kanye nomthwalo wegciwane.

Isetshenziselwani i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Le mithi isetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 kubantu abadala nasebancane abalinganisa okungenani amakhilogremu angama-35 (cishe amaphawundi angama-77). Yenzelwe abantu abaqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV okokuqala noma abashintsha kwenye indlela yokwelapha i-HIV.

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzokunika lokhu uma umthwalo wakho wegciwane ungezansi kwamakopi ayi-100,000 ngemililitha yegazi. Lo mkhawulo ubalulekile ngoba i-rilpivirine, enye yezingxenye, isebenza kahle uma umthwalo wegciwane ungaphezulu kakhulu.

Iphinde isetshenziselwe abantu abafuna ukwenza lula ukwelashwa kwabo i-HIV. Uma njengamanje uthatha amaphilisi amaningi e-HIV usuku lonke, udokotela wakho angase akuqhubekisele kule nketho eyodwa ngosuku ukuze wenze inqubo yakho ibe lula ukuphathwa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Lo muthi usebenza ngokuvimbela i-HIV ekuzikopishini emzimbeni wakho. Ingxenye ngayinye iqondisa isinyathelo esihlukile enqanabeni lokuzala le-virus, idala izithiyo eziningi i-HIV ezingeke izinqobe kalula.

I-Emtricitabine ne-tenofovir alafenamide zisebenza ngokulingisa izakhi ezakhiwayo i-HIV ezidinga ukudala izinto zayo zofuzo. Uma i-virus izama ukusebenzisa lezi zakhi ezakhiwayo ezingamanga, ayikwazi ukuqeda inqubo yokukopisha futhi iyabambeka.

I-Rilpivirine isebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngokuvimba ngokuqondile i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse transcriptase i-HIV edinga ukuguqula izinto zayo zofuzo zibe yifomu amaseli akho angalifunda. Ngaphandle kokuthi le enzyme isebenza kahle, i-virus ayikwazi ukuhlanganisa emaseleni akho.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengohlelo oluqinile lwe-HIV. Lisebenza kahle kubantu abaningi abane-HIV, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu uma unomthwalo we-viral ophezulu kakhulu noma izinhlobo ezithile zokumelana nemithi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Thatha lo muthi ngendlela udokotela wakho ayala ngayo, ngokuvamile ithebhulethi eyodwa kanye ngosuku ngokudla. Ukuyithatha ngokudla kubalulekile ngoba kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba umunce ingxenye ye-rilpivirine kahle.

Kufanele uyithathe ngokudla, hhayi nje ukudla okulula. Ukudla okungenani okungu-390 kilojoule kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba isidlo sasekuseni, sasemini, noma sakusihlwa - noma yini evumelana neshejuli yakho, kodwa zama ukuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.

Gwinya ithebhulethi yonke ngamanzi. Ungayichobozi, uhlafune, noma uhlukanise ithebhulethi ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi okhululwa ngayo emzimbeni wakho. Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zakho.

Zama ukusungula isimiso ngokuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi egazini lakho futhi kwenza kube lula ukukhumbula umthamo wakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Uzodinga ukuthatha lo muthi isikhathi eside njengoba udokotela wakho encoma, okuyinto ngokuvamile impilo yakho yonke. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside, futhi ukuyeka umuthi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke futhi kungenzeka ukuthi likwazi ukumelana.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okuhlola umthwalo wakho wegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukunquma ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ngabe udinga ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa okufanayo.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle ngokuphelele. I-HIV ingaba khona emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu, futhi ukuyeka ukwelashwa kungazelelwe kungaholela egciwaneni libuya liqine kunakuqala.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi noma unenkinga ngemithi, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangase bakwazi ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho noma bakusize ukulawula noma yiziphi izinkinga obhekene nazo.

Yini Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Njengayo yonke imithi, le nhlanganisela ingabangela imiphumela emibi, yize kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela emithini emasontweni ambalwa okuqala.

Nawa amanye amiphumela emibi ongase uyithole njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi:

• Ukopha ikhanda
• Ukuhluleka ukulala noma amaphupho angajwayelekile
• Isiyezi
• Isicanucanu
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba

Lezi zimo ezivamile ezingezinhle ngokuvamile ziba ngaphansi kokuphazamisa ngemva kwenyanga yokuqala yokwelashwa. Uma ziqhubeka noma ziba yinkinga, udokotela wakho angase ancome izindlela zokuzilawula.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Nakuba lokhu kungenzeki kubantu abaningi, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele:

• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma izinguquko zemizwa
• Izinkinga zezinso (izinguquko ekuchameni, ukuvuvukala)
• Izinkinga zamathambo (ubuhlungu obungavamile emathanjeni noma ukuqhekeka)
• Izinkinga zesibindi (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama)
• I-Lactic acidosis (ukukhathala okungavamile, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala ukuphefumula)
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo ezingezinhle ezingathi sína. Ukungenelela ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvikeleni izinkinga futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuqhubeka kahle.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Lo muthi awulungile kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sempilo yamanje ngaphambi kokuwunika ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi uphephile kuwe.

Akufanele uthathe lo muthi uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso noma use-dialysis. Lezi zinto zingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso, ngakho-ke abantu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zezinso badinga ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zesibindi, okuhlanganisa i-hepatitis B, bangase bangabi ngabantu abafanelekayo kulo muthi. Uma une-hepatitis B, ukuyeka lo muthi kungazelelwe kungabangela i-hepatitis yakho ukuba ibe yimbi, ngakho-ke ukubhekwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka.

Lo muthi kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu uma unomthwalo we-viral ophezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-100,000 amakhophi ngemililitha) noma uma usuthuthukise ukumelana nanoma iyiphi yezingxenye ezintathu. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo zokuhlola ukumelana ngaphambi kokuku-oda.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baxoxe ngezinketho ezinye nodokotela wabo, njengoba le nhlanganisela ethile ngokuvamile akuyona inketho yokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kukhona neminye imithi ye-HIV enemininingwane yokuphepha yokukhulelwa etholakalayo.

Igama Lomkhiqizo le-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide

Igama lomkhiqizo lalesi sithako esihlangene yi-Odefsey. Yenziwa yi-Gilead Sciences futhi yavunywa yi-FDA ngonyaka ka-2016 ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1.

I-Odefsey itholakala njengohlu olulodwa oluqukethe i-200 mg ye-emtricitabine, i-25 mg ye-rilpivirine, kanye ne-25 mg ye-tenofovir alafenamide. Le nhlanganisela ethile kanye nokulinganisa akutholakali ngesimo esivamile okwamanje.

Uma ukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi, ungabhekisa kuyo ngegama lomkhiqizo elithi Odefsey noma igama eliphelele elivamile. Zombili lezi zisho zibhekisela emuthini ofanayo.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide

Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ze-HIV ezitholakala ngohlu olulodwa uma lo muthi ungakulungele. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole enye indlela ekufanela kangcono izidingo zakho nesimo sempilo yakho.

Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa i-Biktarvy (bictegravir, emtricitabine, kanye ne-tenofovir alafenamide), evame ukukhethwa kubantu abanomthwalo omkhulu wegciwane. I-Triumeq (dolutegravir, abacavir, kanye ne-lamivudine) enye inketho, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha i-tenofovir.

I-Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, kanye ne-tenofovir alafenamide) enye inketho yohlu olulodwa esebenza kahle kubantu abaningi. Udokotela wakho angase futhi acabange ngezinhlanganisela ezindala njenge-Atripla noma i-Complera, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinketho kuncike ezintweni ezinjengomthwalo wakho wegciwane, ukusebenza kwezinso, eminye imithi oyithathayo, kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo kanye nobubi benketho ngayinye.

Ingabe i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide Ingcono Kune-Biktarvy?

Zombili le mithi iyasebenza ekwelapheni i-HIV, kodwa inamandla ahlukene futhi ingase ilungele abantu abahlukene. I-Biktarvy ivame ukuthathwa njengeqinile futhi ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanemithwalo yamagciwane ephezulu.

I-Biktarvy iqukethe i-integrase inhibitor (bictegravir), okuyisigaba esisha somuthi we-HIV ovame ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi onokuxhumana okuncane kwemithi. Futhi ayidingi ukudla ukuze kumuncwe, okwenza kube lula ngabanye abantu.

Kodwa-ke, i-Odefsey ingase ibe yindlela engcono kubantu asebeke basebenzisa imithi ye-HIV ngaphambili futhi abaye bathuthukisa amanye amaphethini okumelana. Futhi ivame ukubangela imiphumela emibi emincane emathunjini kwabanye abantu.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela umthwalo wakho wamagciwane, umlando wokwelashwa, ukusebenza kwezinso, eminye imithi, nezintandokazi zomuntu siqu lapho ekhetha phakathi kwalezi zinketho. Akukho okukhethwa “okungcono” emhlabeni wonke - kuya ngesimo sakho somuntu ngamunye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide

Ingabe i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide iphephile kubantu abanezifo zezinso?

Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqapha kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi akuqaphele njalo ngenkathi uthatha umuthi.

Uma unezifo zezinso ezilula, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukuyala lo muthi kodwa uzokubheka eduze. Abantu abanezifo zezinso eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu noma labo abase-dialysis ngokuvamile badinga imithi ehlukene ye-HIV ephephe kakhulu ezinso.

Ingxenye ye-tenofovir ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukubamba noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni. Uma ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kushintsha, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ukusebenzisa i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngabe uthatha umthamo omningi kunalowo odokotela abakuqokele wona ngengozi, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi uzizwa ugula yini - kungcono ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuthatha umuthi omningi kakhulu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta izinso zakho, isibindi, noma isigqi senhliziyo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangakuqapha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo uma kudingeka.

Gcina ibhodlela lomuthi unawo uma ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi uthatheni nokuthi kungakanani. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuthi banikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula khona, uma nje kungaphakathi kwamahora angu-12 esikhathi sakho esivamile. Qiniseka ukuthi uyawuthatha nokudla, njengomthamo wakho ovamile.

Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-12 kusukela esikhathini sakho esivamile somthamo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngesikhathi esivamile. Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe.

Ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngeke kubangele izinkinga ngokushesha, kodwa zama ukuthatha umuthi wakho njalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Imithamo ephuthelwe njalo ingavumela igciwane ukuthi likhule ukumelana futhi lenze ukwelashwa kungasebenzi kahle.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha lo muthi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuvame ukuba ngokuphila konke, futhi ukuyeka kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphinde futhi lingase likwazi ukumelana nemithi.

Udokotela wakho angase ashintshe uhlelo lwakho lwe-HIV uma uba nemiphumela emibi, ukumelana nemithi, noma uma izinketho ezintsha, ezingcono zitholakala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ungashintshela emuthini ohlukile we-HIV kunokuyeka ukwelashwa ngokuphelele.

Uma ucabanga ukuyeka ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ezinye izinto ezikukhathazayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ngokuvamile bangasiza ekuphatheni imiphumela emibi noma bathole ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kangcono kuwe.

Ngingayithatha yini i-Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine-and-Tenofovir-Alafenamide neminye imithi?

Lo muthi ungasebenzisana neminye imithi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo. Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisana zingenza umuthi we-HIV ungasebenzi kahle noma zinyuse imiphumela emibi.

Ama-antacid, ama-proton pump inhibitors (njenge-omeprazole), kanye nama-H2 blockers (njenge-ranitidine) anganciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-rilpivirine. Uma udinga le mithi, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngesikhathi esifanele sokugwema ukusebenzisana.

Ezinye izibulala-magciwane, ama-antifungals, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuthuthumela nayo ingasebenzisana nale nhlanganisela. Udokotela wakho nomuthi wakho womuthi bangakusiza ukuphatha lezi zindlela zokusebenzisana ngokuphepha ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithi yakho isebenza ngempumelelo.