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October 10, 2025
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ILefamulin iyisibulala-magciwane esisha esisiza ukulwa nezifo ezithile zamagciwane emaphashini akho. Ingaphansi kohlobo oluyingqayizivele lwama-antibiotics olubizwa ngokuthi ama-pleuromutilins, asebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuma-antibiotics amaningi ongase uwazi.
Lo muthi wenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini, uhlobo lokutheleleka kwamaphaphu ongathola ngaphandle kwezibhedlela. Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-lefamulin uma amanye ama-antibiotics avamile engeyona inketho engcono kakhulu yokutheleleka kwakho okuthile.
ILefamulin iphatha i-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini kubantu abadala. Lokhu ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa amagciwane owathola ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, hhayi ngokuvela esibhedlela noma endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzokunika lo muthi uma izivivinyo zikhombisa ukuthi une-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane athile afana ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, noma i-Haemophilus influenzae. Lawa amanye amagciwane avamile abangela ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kubantu abadala abanempilo.
Umuthi uza ngamaphilisi omlomo, okwenza kube lula ukwelashwa ekhaya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile ungalulama ku-pneumonia ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlala esibhedlela, okutholakala abantu abaningi beqinisekisa.
ILefamulin isebenza ngokuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi enze amaprotheni awadingayo ukuze asinde futhi azale. Cabanga ngakho njengokuphazamisa ikhono lamagciwane lokwakha izingxenye ezibalulekile zawo.
Leli antibiotic lithathwa njengeliqine ngokulinganisela futhi liqondise ama-ribosomes amagciwane, afana namafektri amancane ngaphakathi kwamagciwane. Ngokuvimba lawa mafektri, i-lefamulin ivimbela amagciwane ukuthi angakhuli futhi ekugcineni awabulale.
Okuthi i-lefamulin yinto ekhethekile ngayo yindlela yayo yokusebenza eyingqayizivele. Ngokungafani nama-antibiotics amaningi, isebenza ngendlela amanye amagciwane angazange afunde ukulwa nayo okwamanje, okuyenza isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ekulweni nezifo ezithile ezinzima.
Thatha i-lefamulin njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyala, ngokuvamile kanye njalo emahoreni ayi-12 izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ungayithatha nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa ukuyithatha nokudla okulula kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisu esibuhlungu.
Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngamanzi agcwele. Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uwaphule, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo emzimbeni wakho.
Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo e-antibiotic ohlelweni lwakho. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale emgqeni ngeshejuli yakho yokuthatha imithi.
Uma uzizwa unesiyezi, ukudla ukudla okulula okufana nama-crackers noma isinkwa esosiwe ngaphambi kokuthatha i-lefamulin kungasiza ukuzinzisa isisu sakho. Gwema ukuyithatha esiswini esingenalutho uma uthambekele ekuzweni isiyezi esihlobene nemithi.
Abantu abaningi bathatha i-lefamulin izinsuku eziyisihlanu ngqo, bathatha ithebhulethi eyodwa njalo emahoreni ayi-12. Le nkambo emfushane ingenye yezinzuzo zale antibiotic entsha uma iqhathaniswa nezinye ezindala ezidinga izikhathi zokwelashwa ezinde.
Kubalulekile ukuqeda inkambo yonke yezinsuku eziyisihlanu, noma ngabe uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngemuva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela amagciwane ukuthi asinde futhi athuthukise ukumelana nomuthi.
Udokotela wakho ukhethe lesi sikhathi esithile ngoba izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izinsuku eziyisihlanu zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekwelapheni umkhuhlane otholwe emphakathini ngenkathi kuncishiswa ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Unganwebi isikhathi sokwelashwa ngokwakho, ngoba lokhu akuthuthukisi ukusebenza kahle futhi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi.
Njengayo yonke imithi, i-lefamulin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile ithambile futhi iyazilungisa yona ngokwayo njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.
Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, iqala ngaleyo evame kakhulu:
Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivamise ukuthuthuka phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili futhi ayidingi ukuyeka umuthi. Kodwa-ke, uma iba nzima noma iphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
Eminye imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqunjelwa okukhulu okungami, izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo, noma izinguquko ezingavamile esigqi senhliziyo yakho.
Ngokuvamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi yokungezwani komzimba, okuhlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka okukhulu, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.
I-Lefamulin ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Umuthi unezinye izinto ezibalulekile zokuvikela ukuphepha kwakho.
Akufanele uthathe i-lefamulin uma unokungezwani nayo noma nganoma yiziphi izithako zayo. Udokotela wakho uzogwema ukuyinika uma unezinkinga ezithile zesigqi senhliziyo noma uthatha imithi engathinta umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho.
Abantu abanezifo zesibindi ezinzima ngokuvamile akufanele bathathe i-lefamulin ngoba isibindi sisebenzisa lo muthi. Udokotela wakho kungadingeka ukuthi alungise umthamo wakho noma akhethe i-antibiotic ehlukile uma unezinkinga zesibindi.
Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngama-antibiotics, njengoba kungekho datha eyanele yokuphepha ye-lefamulin kulezi zimo. Njalo yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ukhulelwe, uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa.
Izingane nentsha engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 akufanele ithathe i-lefamulin, njengoba ingakahlolisiswa ngokwanele emaqenjini amancane obudala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.
I-Lefamulin itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Xenleta e-United States. Leli yigama lomkhiqizo elilodwa elitholakala njengamanje ngohlobo lwethebhulethi yomlomo yalo mithi elwa namagciwane.
Lapho uthatha umuthi wakho, ilebula lekhemisi lizokhombisa ukuthi
Kokubili i-lefamulin ne-azithromycin ziyizindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo ze-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini, kodwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezehlukene futhi zinezinzuzo ezehlukene. Akukho noyedwa 'ongcono' kunomunye.
I-Lefamulin inikeza inkambo yokwelapha emfushane (izinsuku ezi-5 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezi-5-7 ze-azithromycin) futhi isebenza ngamanye amagciwane asevele amelana ne-azithromycin. Lokhu kuyenza ibaluleke uma i-azithromycin ingase ingasebenzi kahle.
I-Azithromycin isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi futhi inesithombe sokuphepha esisungulwe kahle. Ivame ukukhethwa kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo ezithile noma labo abathatha imithi eminingi ngenxa yokuxhumana okuncane kwemithi.
Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengomlando wakho wezokwelapha, amagciwane athile abangela ukutheleleka kwakho, kanye namaphethini okumelana endawo lapho ekhetha phakathi kwale mithi. Zombili ziyizinketho ezinhle uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
I-Lefamulin idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kubantu abanezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo. Umuthi ungase ukwazi ukuthinta umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele unezimo ezinjenge-QT prolongation noma uthatha imithi ethinta isigqi senhliziyo.
Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza impilo yakho yenhliziyo nemithi yamanje ngaphambi kokukuyalela i-lefamulin. Bangase bayalele i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola isigqi senhliziyo yakho uma unokukhathazeka nganoma yini yenhliziyo.
Uma unomlando wezinkinga zenhliziyo, ungavumeli lokhu kukudikibalise ekuxoxeni nge-lefamulin nodokotela wakho. Abantu abaningi abanezinkinga zenhliziyo bangayithatha ngokuphepha le mithi ngokuqapha okufanele.
Uma ngengozi uphuze i-lefamulin eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngokushesha ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Ukuphuza okuningi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta isigqi senhliziyo yakho.
Ungazami ukulungisa ngokususa umthamo wakho olandelayo. Kunalokho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha mayelana nendlela yokuqhubeka ngokuphepha ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengokugajuka okukhulu, ukuquleka, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile ngemva kokuthatha okuningi kakhulu, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha noma shayela izinsiza eziphuthumayo.
Uma weqa umthamo we-lefamulin, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo oweqiwe bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile.
Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo oweqiwe, njengoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Kunalokho, hlukanisa imithamo yakho esele ngokulinganayo ukuze uqedele inkambo yakho yezinsuku ezinhlanu.
Uma ungaqiniseki ngesikhathi noma uqede imithamo eminingi, xhumana nomkhemisi wakho noma udokotela wakho ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiqondile sokuthi ungabuyela kanjani emgwaqeni ngokuphepha.
Kufanele uqedele inkambo yonke yezinsuku ezinhlanu ze-lefamulin, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele ngemva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili nje. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela amagciwane ukuthi asinde futhi kungenzeka ukuthi athuthukise ukumelana.
Yeka kuphela ukuthatha i-lefamulin ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngqo ukuthi wenze njalo, okungenzeka uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathí sina noma uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi unohlobo oluhlukile lokutheleleka.
Uma ukhathazekile ngemiphumela emibi noma uzwa ukuthi umuthi awusebenzi, xhumana nodokotela wakho kunokuyeka ngokwakho. Bangahlola isimo sakho futhi benze izincomo eziphephe kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwakho.
Ngenkathi kungekho ukusebenzisana okuqondile phakathi kwe-lefamulin notshwala, ngokuvamile kungcono ukugwema noma ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngenkathi ululama eminenzeni. Utshwala bungaphazamisa amasosha akho omzimba futhi buvimbela ukululama kwakho.
Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, zinciphise ezinqobeni ezincane futhi unake indlela ozizwa ngayo. Kokubili i-lefamulin notshwala kungadala isiyezi, ngakho ukukuhlanganisa kungase kwandise lo mphumela.
Gxila ekuhlaliseni kahle ngamanzi nezinye iziphuzo ezingena-alcohol ngenkathi uthatha i-lefamulin ukuze usekele ukululama kwakho futhi usize ekuvikeleni imiphumela emibi efana nesicanucanu.
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