Yini i-Lucinactant: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Lucinactant iyisidakamizwa esenziwe ngamaphaphu esinikezwa ngqo emgudwini womoya wezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezinobunzima bokuphefumula. Lo muthi okhethekile usiza amaphaphu amancane ukuthi asebenze kangcono ngokunciphisa ukungezwani ezingxenyeni zomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izinsana ziphefumule zodwa.

Lapho izingane zizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amaphaphu azo awazange abe nesikhathi esanele sokukhiqiza into yemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-surfactant. Cabanga nge-surfactant njengensipho evimbela izikhwama zomoya ezincane emaphaphu akho ukuthi zingawi. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi kulaba abancane abasengozini.

Yini i-Lucinactant Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Lucinactant iphatha i-respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) ezinsaneni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-RDS yenzeka lapho izingane zizalwa ngaphambi kokuthi amaphaphu azo akwazi ukwenza i-surfactant yemvelo eyanele, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 okukhulelwa.

Lesi simo senza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ngoba izikhwama zomoya zamaphaphu azo ezincane zihlala ziwela ngomoya ngamunye. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izingane ezinama-RDS ziba nenkinga yokuthola umoya-mpilo owanele egazini lazo, okungaba yingozi ekuphileni.

Odokotela basebenzisa i-lucinactant ezimweni ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, bayinika ukuyivimbela i-RDS ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu ezingozini enkulu. Okwesibili, bayisebenzisa ukwelapha izingane esezivele zibonisa izimpawu zezinkinga zokuphefumula ngemva kokuzalwa.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Lucinactant?

I-Lucinactant isebenza ngokushintsha i-surfactant yemvelo elahlekile emaphaphu ezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lo muthi uqukethe inguqulo yokwenziwa yeprotheni namafutha amaphaphu anempilo akhiqiza ngokwemvelo.

Lapho odokotela befaka i-lucinactant ngqo emgudwini womoya wengane, isakazeka kuwo wonke amaphaphu futhi ihlanganisa izindawo zangaphakathi zezikhwama zomoya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuvimbela izikhwama zomoya ukuthi zinganamatheli ndawonye futhi ziwe lapho ingane iphefumula.

Umuthi usebenza ngokushesha, ngokuvamile uthuthukisa ukuphefumula ngemizuzu kuya emahoreni ngemuva kokuphathwa. Ngokungafani namanye ama-surfactants, i-lucinactant ihlanganisa isici samaprotheni esingahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe zomsebenzi wamaphaphu nokuphulukisa.

Kufanele I-Lucinactant Inikezwe Kanjani?

I-Lucinactant kufanele inikezwe kuphela ngabahlinzeki bezempilo abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile esibhedlela esikhethekile sokunakekela izinsana (i-NICU). Umuthi ungena ngqo emgudwini womoya wengane ngeshubhu lokuphefumula, hhayi ngomlomo noma imithambo.

Ngaphambi kokunikeza i-lucinactant, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bafudumeza umuthi uze ufike ezingeni lokushisa lomzimba bese bewulungiselela endaweni enezinambuzane. Ingane ngokuvamile ithola umuthi ngenkathi isebenzisa i-ventilator noma umshini wokuphefumula osiza ukusekela ukuphefumula kwayo.

Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukukala ngokucophelela umthamo oqondile ngokuya ngesisindo sengane bese iwunikeza kancane ngeshubhu lokuphefumula. Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yengane, amazinga omoya-mpilo, namaphethini okuphefumula eduze ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwelashwa.

Kufanele Ukwelashwa Nge-Lucinactant Kuqhubeke Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani?

Iningi lezingane lithola i-lucinactant njengokwelashwa okukodwa, yize ezinye zingase zidinge imithamo eyengeziwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Isinqumo sincike ekutheni ingane isabela kahle kangakanani nokuthi ukuphefumula kwayo kuyathuthuka yini.

Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza imithamo efinyelela kwemine isiyonke, ihlukaniswe okungenani ngamahora ayisithupha, uma ingane iqhubeka nokuba nobunzima bokuphefumula. Umthamo ngamunye ubhalwa ngokucophelela ngokuya ngesisindo somntwana samanje nesimo somtholampilo.

Imiphumela ye-lucinactant ingahlala izinsuku noma amasonto njengoba amaphaphu engane ngokwawo evuthwa kancane kancane futhi eqala ukukhiqiza i-surfactant yemvelo. Iningi lezingane libonisa ukuthuthuka kungakapheli amahora ngemuva kokuthola umthamo wazo wokuqala.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Lucinactant?

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kwe-lucinactant ihlanganisa izinguquko zesikhashana ekushayeni kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi kuvame ukulungiswa ngokushesha lapho umuthi unikezwe ngokugcwele.

Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezikhathi ezimfushane lapho amazinga o-oksijini azo eguquguquka noma iphethini yazo yokuphefumula ishintsha ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Abahlinzeki bezempilo balindele lezi zimo futhi baqapha izingane ngokuqhubekayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha.

Nawa imiphumela evame ukubonwa kakhulu abasebenzi bezokwelapha abayibhekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Ukwehla noma ukushesha kwesikhashana kokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukwehla okufushane komfutho wegazi
• Ushintsho lwesikhashana emazingeni e-oksijini
• Ushintsho lwesikhashana emaphethini okuphefumula
• Ushintsho oluncane emazingeni e-carbon dioxide yegazi

Le miphumela ngokuvamile imnene futhi ilawuleka ngaphansi kokuqashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Izinzuzo zokuphefumula okuthuthukisiwe ngokuvamile zidlula lezi zinkinga zesikhashana.

Izinkinga ezinzima azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya i-pneumothorax (amaphaphu awile) noma ukopha emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga ezinzima zivame ukuhlobana nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi okuyisisekelo nobunzima bokuphefumula kunomuthi uqobo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Lucinactant?

Bambalwa kakhulu abantwana abangakwazi ukuthola i-lucinactant, kodwa odokotela bahlola ngokucophelela isimo ngasinye. Umuthi wenzelwe ngokuqondile izinsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezinobunzima bokuphefumula, ngakho-ke akufaneleki ezinganeni ezigcwele noma lezo ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zamaphaphu.

Izinsana ezinokukhubazeka okuthile okukhulu kokuzalwa okuthinta izindlela zokuphefumula noma amaphaphu azo kungenzeka zingabi ngabazongenela ukwelashwa nge-lucinactant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsana ezinokopha okusebenzayo emaphashini azo noma lezo ezingazinzile kakhulu ngenqubo yokuphatha zingase zidingeke ukuthi zilinde.

Odokotela bacabangela nesimo somntwana esiphelele, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kanye nekhono lokujiya kwegazi, ngaphambi kokunquma ngemithi. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi sokwelashwa sibaluleke kakhulu kunezinqamulelo eziphelele.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Lucinactant

I-Lucinactant ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Surfaxin e-United States. Lolu wukuphela kohlobo olutholakala ngokuthengisa lolu hlobo oluthile lomuthi wokwenziwa we-surfactant.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo nabazali bangase bezwe kubizwa ngegama lawo elivamile (lucinactant) noma igama lomkhiqizo (Surfaxin) ngokushintshana. Zombili lezi zisho zibhekisela emuthini ofanayo onezithako ezifanayo nemiphumela.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Lucinactant

Eminye imithi ye-surfactant iyatholakala yokwelapha i-respiratory distress syndrome ezinsaneni ezingakazalwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-surfactant emvelo atholakala emaphashini ezilwane kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokwenziwa.

Ama-surfactant emvelo afana ne-beractant (Survanta) kanye ne-poractant alfa (Curosurf) avela emaphapheni enkomo noma engulube futhi asetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-lucinactant kodwa inezakhi ezihlukile kancane.

Enye inketho yokwenziwa yi-colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf), nakuba ingasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla. Ukukhetha phakathi kwama-surfactant ahlukene kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezithandwa yizibhedlela, ukutholakala, kanye nezici zesiguli ngasinye.

Ingabe i-Lucinactant Ingcono Kunezinye Izinto Ze-Surfactant?

I-Lucinactant inikeza ezinye izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithi ye-surfactant, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwayo lokwenziwa kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni. Ukuba ngowokwenziwa kusho ukuthi ayinayo ingozi yokudlulisa izifo ezitholakala ezilwaneni, okungaba yinto ekhathazayo ngama-surfactant emvelo.

Umuthi uhlanganisa isici samaprotheni esingahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe zokuphulukiswa kwamaphaphu nokusebenza ngaphezu nje kokuvimbela ukuwa kwesikhwama somoya. Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni engcono yesikhathi eside.

Noma kunjalo, zonke izinto ezivunyelwe zokwenza i-surfactant zisebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni i-respiratory distress syndrome. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezinjengezimiso zesibhedlela, izindleko, kanye nolwazi lukadokotela kunokuba kube khona umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Lucinactant

Ingabe i-Lucinactant iphephile ezinganeni ezingakazalwa?

Yebo, i-lucinactant ithathwa njengephephile kakhulu uma inikezwa abahlinzeki bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni ezifanele zesibhedlela. Umuthi uhlolwe kabanzi ezinganeni ezingakazalwa futhi uvunyelwe yizinhlangano ezilawulayo.

Iphrofayili yokuphepha isungulwe kahle, ngemiphumela eminingi emibi eba yesikhashana futhi ilawuleka. Izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kokuphefumula kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezingathi sína ezivela ku-respiratory distress syndrome ngokuvamile zidlula noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ngingenzani uma ingane yami ithola i-Lucinactant eningi kakhulu?

Izimo zokweqisa zivamile kakhulu ngoba i-lucinactant inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ababala ngokucophelela imithamo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo basebenzisa izilinganiso ezinembile ezisuselwe esisindweni somntwana wakho futhi baqaphe inqubo yokuphatha ngokucophelela.

Uma umuthi omningi unganikezwa ngengozi, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokwandisa ngokushesha ukuqapha futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo njengoba kudingeka. Ithimba lesibhedlela lihlomele ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele emaphutheni emithi.

Kwenziwani uma ingane yami iphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe?

Ngokungafani nemithi ethathwa ekhaya, ukulinganisa i-lucinactant kulawulwa ngokuphelele yithimba lezokwelapha lomntwana wakho esibhedlela. Baqhubeka nokuhlola ukuthi ngabe imithamo eyengeziwe iyadingeka yini ngokuya ngesimo sokuphefumula somntwana wakho kanye nesimo esiphelele.

Uma umthamo uhlehliswa ngezizathu zezokwelapha, odokotela bazonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuphatha ngokuya ngezidingo zamanje zomntwana wakho. Uhlelo lokwelapha lungalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Ingabe Ingane Yami Ingaluyeka Nini Ukuthola I-Lucinactant?

Iningi lezingane lithola i-lucinactant ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwazo kuphela, futhi eziningi zidinga umthamo owodwa noma emibili kuphela. Ukwelashwa kuyayeka lapho ukuphefumula kwengane yakho kuthuthuka ngokwanele futhi amaphaphu ayo aqala ukukhiqiza i-surfactant yemvelo eyanele.

Ithimba lezokwelapha liqapha ukuqhubeka kwengane yakho ngokuqhubekayo futhi lenza izinqumo mayelana nemithamo eyengeziwe ngokusekelwe kumaphethini okuphefumula, izidingo zomoya-mpilo, kanye nokuthuthuka okujwayelekile komtholampilo. Njengoba amaphaphu engane yakho evuthwa, azodinga ukusekelwa okuncane kancane kokuphefumula.

Ingabe I-Lucinactant Izoluthinta Ukukhula Kwengane Yami Kwesikhathi Eside?

Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-lucinactant akulithinti kabi ukukhula kwesikhathi eside ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Eqinisweni, ngokuthuthukisa ukuphefumula nokulethwa komoya-mpilo ezinsukwini zokuqala ezibucayi, umuthi ungase usize ekuvikeleni izinkinga ezingathinta ukukhula.

Izifundo ezilandelayo izingane ezathola ukwelashwa nge-surfactant zibonisa imiphumela yokukhula efanayo naleyo elindelekile ezingeni labo lokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Umuthi ubhekana nenkinga yokuphefumula ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudala imiphumela ehlala njalo ekukhuleni noma ekuthuthukiseni.