Yini i-Methotrexate: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Methotrexate iyimithi enciphisa amasosha omzimba wakho futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala. Ivame ukunqunywa izimo ze-autoimmune ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Cabanga nge-methotrexate njenge-pedal yamabhuleki ethambile yamasosha akho omzimba asebenza ngokweqile. Lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela ngokungaqondile izicubu zakho ezinempilo, le mithi isiza ukuthulisa izinto ukuze umzimba wakho ukwazi ukuphola futhi uzizwe ungcono.

Yini i-Methotrexate?

I-Methotrexate ingeyodwa yeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antimetabolites noma imithi eguqula izifo ze-antirheumatic (DMARDs). Isebenza ngokugxambukela endleleni amaseli akho enza ngayo i-DNA namaprotheni, okunciphisa ukukhula kwamaseli okusheshayo okubangela ukuvuvukala.

Ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa njengendlela yokwelapha umdlavuza ngeminyaka yama-1940, odokotela bathola ukuthi imithamo ephansi ingelapha izimo ze-autoimmune ngempumelelo. Namuhla, ingenye yemithi enqunywa kakhulu yezifo ezivuthayo ngoba iyasebenza futhi ifundwe kahle.

Ifomu lomlomo liza njengamaphilisi owathatha ngomlomo, ngokuvamile kanye ngesonto. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka umthamo oqondile olungile ngesimo sakho esithile nezidingo zempilo.

Yini i-Methotrexate Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Methotrexate iphatha izimo eziningana lapho amasosha akho omzimba abangela ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwezicubu. Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, noma izifo ezithile ze-autoimmune.

Nge-rheumatoid arthritis, i-methotrexate isiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala, nokuqina ngenkathi ivimbela ukulimala kwamalunga kwesikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi baqaphela ukuthi ukuqina kwabo kwasekuseni kuyathuthuka futhi bangakwazi ukunyakaza kalula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ku-psoriasis, lo muthi unciphisa ukukhula okusheshayo kwamaseli esikhumba okwenza lawo mabhampa aqinile, anesikali. Ungahlanzeka kakhulu isikhumba sakho futhi unciphise ukuluma uma usetshenziswa njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Odokotela baphinda babhale i-methotrexate ngezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ezinye i-leukemias kanye ne-lymphomas. Imithamo yokwelashwa komdlavuza ivame ukuba phezulu kakhulu kunaleyo esetshenziselwa izimo ze-autoimmune.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Methotrexate?

I-Methotrexate isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-dihydrofolate reductase, okudingeka ngamaseli ukwenza i-DNA nokuzala. Lesi senzo sinciphisa amaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa amaseli omzimba asebenzayo abangela ukuvuvukala kwakho.

Lo muthi uthathwa njenge-immunosuppressant ephakathi nendawo. Inamandla kunezidakamizwa eziqeda ukuvuvukala kodwa ithambile kunezinye izidakamizwa ezintsha ze-biologic ezisetshenziselwa izimo ze-autoimmune.

Imiphumela ayisheshayo - ungase ungazizwa ngcono ngokushesha amasonto angu-6 kuya kwangu-8. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nomuthi nokuthi ukuvuvukala kunciphe kancane kancane.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-methotrexate ithinta i-folate metabolism, udokotela wakho cishe uzobhala izithasiselo ze-folic acid ukusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela ethile emibi. Lokhu akuphazamisi ukusebenza komuthi kodwa kusiza ukuvikela amaseli akho anempilo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Methotrexate?

Thatha i-methotrexate ngendlela udokotela wakho ayichaza ngayo, ngokuvamile kanye ngesonto ngosuku olufanayo. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukukhetha usuku oluthile olufana no- "Methotrexate Monday" ukuze bakhumbule umthamo wabo wamasonto onke.

Ungathatha amaphilisi nokuthi ungadli lutho noma udle, kodwa ukuwathatha nokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa isisu esicasulayo. Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngenkomishi yamanzi egcwele - ungaqobi, uhlafune, noma uwaphule.

Udktela wakho cishe uzoqala ngomthamo ophansi bese ewunyusa kancane kancane ngokusekelwe endleleni ozosabela ngayo. Ungalokothi ushintshe umthamo wakho noma uyeke ukuthatha i-methotrexate ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-folic acid njengoba kunqunyiwe, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ongayithathi ngazo i-methotrexate. Lokhu kusiza ekuvikeleni ukuntuleka kwe-folate futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela ethile engemihle efana nokulimala komlomo nokukhathala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Methotrexate?

Abantu abaningi abanezimo ze-autoimmune badinga ukuthatha i-methotrexate izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuze bagcine ukuthuthuka kwabo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha impendulo yakho futhi angase alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nge-rheumatoid arthritis, ungase udinge ukuthatha i-methotrexate unomphela ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga futhi ugcine izinga lakho lempilo. Abantu abaningi bayayithatha ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi ngokuhlolwa njalo.

Uma welashwa umdlavuza, ubude bokwelashwa kwakho buxhomeke ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzokwenza isimiso esinemininingwane yokwelashwa kwakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani futhi aqaphele noma yimiphi imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-methotrexate ngokuzumayo, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibuye noma zibe zimbi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Engemihle Ye-Methotrexate?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-methotrexate ingabangela imiphumela engemihle, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Imiphumela engemihle evame kakhulu ivame ukuba mnene futhi ilawuleka ngokuhlolwa nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Nansi imiphumela engemihle ongase uyithole, iqala ngaleyo evame kakhulu:

• Isicanucanu nokungakhululeki kwesisu, ikakhulukazi ngosuku oluthatha ngalo umthamo wakho
• Ukukhathala nokuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuvuvukala komlomo noma izilonda
• Ukuqina kwezinwele noma ukulahlekelwa izinwele okuncane
• Ukukhathala kwekhanda
• Isiyezi
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukulimala noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane noma amaqhwa.

Izinkinga zesibindi zingenzeka kodwa ngokuvamile zitholwa ekuqaleni ngezivivinyo zegazi ezivamile. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha umsebenzi wesibindi sakho ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa.

Ukuncoma izithasiselo ze-folic acid njengoba kunqunyiwe kungasiza ekuvikeleni imiphumela eminingi emibi, ikakhulukazi izilonda zomlomo nokukhathala. Imiphumela eminingi emibi iyaphathwa futhi ingathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Methotrexate?

I-Methotrexate ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyincoma. Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathathe i-methotrexate ngoba ingabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa.

Akufanele uthathe i-methotrexate uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso, isifo sesibindi, noma amasosha omzimba abuthaka. Abantu abanezifo ezithile zegazi noma labo abaphuza utshwala ngokweqile nabo ababona abaqokelwe kahle lo muthi.

Uma uncelisa, uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma uzama ukuthola ingane, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho. I-Methotrexate ingathinta inzalo futhi ayiphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa.

Udokotela wakho uzophinda aqaphele ngokuncoma i-methotrexate uma unomlando wesifo samaphaphu, izilonda zesisu, noma izifo ezithile. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi ihlala iphephile kuwe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Methotrexate

I-Methotrexate iyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa i-Rheumatrex, i-Trexall, ne-Otrexup. Inguqulo ejwayelekile ibizwa nje ngokuthi i-methotrexate futhi isebenza ngempumelelo njengoba kwenza izinguqulo zegama lomkhiqizo.

Ikhambi lakho lingase linikeze imikhiqizo ehlukene ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa yonke iqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo. Uma unokukhathazeka ngokushintsha phakathi kwemikhiqizo, xoxa lokhu nomphathi wakho wamakhambi noma udokotela.

Ezinye izinhlobo ziza njengamapeni okujova agcwaliswe ngaphambilini noma ama-auto-injectors, kanti ezinye zitholakala njengamaphilisi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha uhlobo olungcono kakhulu nomkhiqizo ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile nokumbozwa komshuwalense.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Methotrexate

Uma i-methotrexate ingasebenzi kahle kuwe noma idala imiphumela emibi, kunezindlela eziningi ezitholakalayo. Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-DMARDs ezifana ne-sulfasalazine, i-hydroxychloroquine, noma i-leflunomide zingase zibe izinketho ezinhle zezimo ze-autoimmune.

Imithi ye-Biologic efana ne-adalimumab, etanercept, noma i-infliximab iyizindlela zokwelapha ezintsha eziqondise izingxenye ezithile zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lezi zivame ukubiza kakhulu kodwa zingasebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu abangaphenduli kuma-DMARDs endabuko.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe esebenzisa i-methotrexate kanye nomunye umuthi. Le ndlela ngezinye izikhathi inganikeza imiphumela engcono kunokusebenzisa umuthi owodwa kuphela.

Ukukhethwa kwesinye isidakamizwa kuncike esimweni sakho esithile, ezinye izici zempilo, nokuthi uphendule kanjani ekwelashweni kwangaphambilini. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Methotrexate ingcono kune-Sulfasalazine?

Kokubili i-methotrexate ne-sulfasalazine bangama-DMARDs asebenzayo, kodwa basebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi banezinhlobo ezihlukene zemiphumela emibi. I-Methotrexate ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni i-rheumatoid arthritis futhi ivame ukuba yinto yokuqala yokwelapha.

I-Methotrexate ivame ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi iphumelela kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukulimala kwamalunga ku-rheumatoid arthritis. Kodwa-ke, i-sulfasalazine ingase ibe yindlela engcono uma unezinkinga ezithile zesisu noma uma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukubekezelela imithi ethile kangcono kuneminye. I-Sulfasalazine ivame ukubangela ukuquleka kwesisu futhi ingashintsha umchamo wakho ube owolintshi, kanti i-methotrexate idinga ukuqashwa kwegazi okuvamile.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile, ezinye izinto zezempilo, kanye nezintandokazi zakho lapho ekhetha phakathi kwale mithi. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Methotrexate

Ingabe i-Methotrexate iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Methotrexate ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa idinga ukuqashwa okucophelelayo. Umuthi awuthinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini, kodwa ungathinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sebeye basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokubheka eduze nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zokugula. Uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinso zakho, njengoba kokubili isifo sikashukela kanye ne-methotrexate kungathinta izinso.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngesifo sakho sikashukela kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo. Bangase badinge ukulungisa isimiso sakho sokuqapha noma basebenze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okungcono kakhulu kwazo zombili izimo.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngithatha i-Methotrexate eningi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-methotrexate eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi, okuhlanganisa isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, kanye nokulimala kwamaseli akho egazi.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi uzizwa ulungile yini - ukweqisa kwe-methotrexate kungaba yingozi ngisho noma ungazizwa ugula ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho angase ancome amalahle asebenzayo noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukusiza ukususa umuthi owedlulele ohlelweni lwakho.

Gcina umkhondo wokuthi uyithatha nini umthamo wakho wamasonto onke ukuze ugweme ukuyithatha ngengozi kabili. Abanye abantu basebenzisa izihleli zamaphilisi noma izikhumbuzi zocingo ukubasiza bakhumbule ukuthi sebekuthathile yini imithi yabo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Methotrexate?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo wakho wamasonto onke we-methotrexate, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, uma nje kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa zomthamo wakho ohleliwe. Ungathathi umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ulungise lowo ophuthelwe.

Uma sekudlule izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3-4 kusukela kumthamo wakho ophuthelwe, weqe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngeshejuli yakho ejwayelekile. Ukuphuthelwa umthamo owodwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngeke kukulimaze, kodwa zama ukugcina ukuqina ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Cabangela ukusetha isikhumbuzi samasonto onke ocingweni lwakho noma ukumaka ikhalenda lakho ukukusiza ukhumbule usuku lwakho lwe-methotrexate. Ukuqina kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle komuthi.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Methotrexate?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-methotrexate ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibuye noma zibe zimbi, futhi ungase ulahlekelwe inqubekela phambili oyenzile ekuphatheni isimo sakho.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi kufanelekile nini ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa umthamo wakho. Lokhu kungenzeka uma isimo sakho singena ekuxolelweni, uma uba nemiphumela emibi, noma uma udinga ukushintshela emuthini ohlukile.

Uma uyeka i-methotrexate, udokotela wakho cishe uzonciphisa umthamo wakho kancane kancane kunokuthi uyiqede ngesikhathi esisodwa. Bazokuqapha eduze ukuze babheke noma yikuphi ukubuya kwezimpawu.

Ngingakwazi Yini Ukuphuza Utshwala Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Methotrexate?

Kufanele ugweme utshwala noma ulunciphise kakhulu ngenkathi uthatha i-methotrexate. Kokubili utshwala ne-methotrexate kungathinta isibindi sakho, futhi ukukuhlanganisa kwandisa ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi.

Uma uphuza utshwala, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho kuqala. Bangase bakuncome ukuthi ukugweme ngokuphelele utshwala noma uzinciphisele ezingxenyeni ezincane kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, kuye ngempilo yakho yonke nokusebenza kwesibindi sakho.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi njalo. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi njengokushintsha kombala wesikhumba sibe phuzi, umchamo omnyama, noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.