Yini i-Pemoline: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Pemoline iyisidakamizwa esikhuthaza uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi nendawo esasike sanconywa ukwelapha i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, lo muthi usususiwe kakhulu emazweni amaningi ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi okukhulu.

Ngenkathi i-pemoline yayisebenza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ADHD, ukwazi kwayo ukubangela izinkinga zesibindi ezisongela impilo kuholele ekutheni ikhishwe emakethe ezindaweni eziningi. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lo muthi ungasasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile kungakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa kwe-ADHD.

Yini i-Pemoline?

I-Pemoline ingeyohlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-stimulants ohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi nendawo. Isebenza ngendlela efana neminye imithi ye-ADHD ngokuthinta amakhemikhali athile obuchopho alawula ukunaka nokuziphatha.

Umuthi waqala ukugunyazwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970 futhi wadayiswa ngaphansi kwamagama emikhiqizo afana ne-Cylert. Ngokungafani neminye imithi ekhuthazayo, i-pemoline yayinesikhathi eside sokusebenza, okusho ukuthi ingasebenza isikhathi eside ngomthamo owodwa ngosuku.

Kodwa-ke, i-pemoline ihluke ngesakhiwo kuma-stimulants afana ne-methylphenidate noma ama-amphetamine. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sanikela ekusebenzeni kwayo kanye nemiphumela yayo emibi.

Yini i-Pemoline Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Pemoline yayinconywa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-ADHD ezinganeni, intsha, nakubantu abadala. Yasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugxila, ukunciphisa ukugcwala, nokulawula ukuziphatha okungaqondakali okuyisici salesi simo.

Umuthi wawukhanga ikakhulukazi kodokotela nemindeni ethile ngoba kwakudingeka kuphela ukuthi uthathwe kanye ngosuku. Lokhu kwenza kwaba lula ezinganeni ukuthi zinamathele ohlelweni lwazo lokwelashwa uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi eyayidinga imithamo eminingi usuku lonke.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-pemoline yayivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume kwezinye izimo ezifana ne-narcolepsy, nakuba lokhu kwakungewona umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ovunyelwe. Nokho, ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha, lezi zinto azisavunyelwe.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Pemoline?

I-Pemoline isebenza ngokukhuphula amazinga amakhemikhali athile obuchopho abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters, ikakhulukazi i-dopamine ne-norepinephrine. Lawa makhemikhali adlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni, ekugxileni, nasekuzithibeni.

Ngokungafani neminye imithi ye-ADHD esebenza ngokushesha, i-pemoline yakheka ohlelweni lwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungathatha amasonto amaningana ukufinyelela ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphelele, kodwa futhi inikeze ukulawulwa kwezimpawu okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Umuthi uthathwa njengento ekhuthazayo enamandla amancane, ewa phakathi kwezinketho ezithambile nezinto ezinamandla eziqinisayo. Nokho, amandla ayo agqamuke ngobungozi obukhulu bokuphepha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Pemoline?

Uma i-pemoline ibingasabhaliwe (okuyinto engavamile kakhulu), ngokuvamile yayizothathwa kanye ngosuku ekuseni. Umuthi ungathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuwuthatha nokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisu.

Isikhathi somthamo sasibalulekile ngoba ukuwuthatha sekwephuzile emini kungaphazamisa ukulala. Odokotela abaningi babezoncoma ukuwuthatha ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo ekuseni ukuze kugcinwe amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile bekuzobaluleka kakhulu uma uthatha i-pemoline, njengoba umsebenzi wesibindi kwakudingeka uqashwe ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuqapha ngokuvamile kungaqala ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi kuqhubeke njalo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Pemoline?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-pemoline bungancika ekuphenduleni komuntu ngamunye nasekubhekeni ukuphepha. Nokho, ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu zesibindi, izikhathi zokwelashwa ngokuvamile zazigcinwa zifushane ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi zisanikeza inzuzo.

Ukuhlolwa njalo bekuzodingeka ukuthola ukuthi umuthi usadingeka yini nokuthi kuphephile yini ukuqhubeka. Odokotela abaningi bebeyozama ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka umuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze babone ukuthi usadingeka yini.

Isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi besizodinga ukulinganisa izinzuzo nezingozi ezingase zibe yingozi ekuphileni. Ezimweni eziningi namuhla, ezinye izindlela eziphephe kakhulu zikhethwa esikhundleni salokho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Pemoline?

I-Pemoline ingabangela imiphumela ehlukahlukene eceleni, kusukela kokulula kuya kokungase kube yingozi ekuphileni. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kubalulekile kunoma ngubani ocabangela lo muthi.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha kwesisindo
• Ubunzima bokulala noma ukuqwasha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu noma isicanucanu
• Ikhanda
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ukucasuka noma izinguquko zemizwa
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo

Le miphumela ejwayelekile eceleni ifana nalezo ezibonwa ngeminye imithi ekhuthazayo futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nokho, i-pemoline inezingozi ezingathi sína eziyihlukanisa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-ADHD:

• Umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi, okuhlanganisa ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo (i-jaundice)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Umchamo omnyama noma izitulo eziphuthukayo
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nesicanucanu

Ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi yikho okwenza i-pemoline ibe yingozi kangaka. Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesixwayiso futhi kungabulala. Yingakho ukuqapha njalo igazi kungaba kubalulekile uma lo muthi usetshenziswa.

Imiphumela eceleni engavamile kodwa engathi sína ingase ihlanganise ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, ukunyakaza okungavamile, noma izinguquko ezinkulu esimweni sengqondo. Noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile zizodinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Pemoline?

Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha, i-pemoline ayifanele abantu abaningi. Izingozi ngokuvamile zidlula izinzuzo zenqwaba enkulu yeziguli.

Akufanele neze uthathe i-pemoline uma une:

• Noma yimuphi umlando wesifo sesibindi noma izinkinga zesibindi
• Ukuphendula komzimba okwedlule ku-pemoline
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezinzima noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongagadiwe
• Umlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukucasuka
• I-Glaucoma noma ezinye izimo zamehlo ezinzima

Noma ngaphandle kwalezi zimo, odokotela abaningi namuhla ngeke banikeze i-pemoline ngenxa yokutholakala kwezinye izindlela eziphephe kakhulu.

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kuzodingeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala, iziguli ezigugile, nanoma ubani onezinkinga zezinso noma izifo zokuvuvukala.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ngamabele kufanele bagweme ngokuphelele lo muthi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Pemoline

I-Pemoline yayithengiswa ngaphambilini ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-Cylert iyona eyayaziwa kakhulu. Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Pemoline kanye nezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezivamile.

Nokho, iningi lala magama omkhiqizo alitholakali emazweni amaningi. Umkhiqizi wokuqala wayeka ukukhiqiza i-Cylert ngo-2005 ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zihlala zitholakala isikhashana.

Uma uhlangana nanoma yimaphi ala magama omkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi athwala izingozi ezifanayo ezinzima njenganoma iyiphi indlela ye-pemoline.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Pemoline

Ngenhlanhla, ziningi ezinye izindlela eziphephe kakhulu nezisebenzayo ze-pemoline zokwelapha i-ADHD. Lezi zinketho zesimanje zinikeza ukulawulwa okuhle kakhulu kwezimpawu ngaphandle kwezingozi zesibindi ezinzima.

Ezinye izindlela zokuvuselela zifaka:

• I-Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate)
• Usawoti we-Amphetamine (Adderall, Vyvanse)
• I-Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
• I-Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

Izinketho ezingezona ezokuvuselela nazo ziyatholakala futhi zingase zithandwe kwabanye abantu:

• I-Atomoxetine (Strattera)
• I-Guanfacine (Intuniv)
• I-Clonidine (Kapvay)
• I-Viloxazine (Qelbree)

Ezinye izindlela ziye zafundwa kabanzi futhi zinezimo zokuphepha ezingcono kakhulu kune-pemoline. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ingabe i-Pemoline ingcono kune-Methylphenidate?

Ngenkathi i-pemoline ne-methylphenidate (Ritalin) zombili ziyimithi ekhuthazayo ye-ADHD, i-methylphenidate ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile futhi isebenza kahle. Ukuqhathanisa kuvuna kakhulu i-methylphenidate ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kokuphepha.

Inzuzo enkulu ye-Pemoline kwakuwukulinganisa kwayo kanye ngosuku, okwakwenza kube lula kunezinye izinhlobo ze-methylphenidate ezindala. Kodwa-ke, amafomula amasha e-methylphenidate akhishwe isikhathi eside manje anikeza lula okufanayo ngaphandle kwezingozi ezingathi sína.

I-Methylphenidate isetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka futhi ayithwali izingozi zokulimala kwesibindi ezihambisana ne-pemoline. Iphinde isebenze ngokushesha futhi inemiphumela engapheli, okwenza kube lula odokotela ukuthi balungise umthamo njengoba kudingeka.

Umphakathi wezokwelapha usuke kakhulu e-pemoline ngokuqonda ezinye izindlela eziphephile njenge-methylphenidate neminye imithi yesimanje ye-ADHD.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Pemoline

Q1. Ingabe i-Pemoline iphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside?

Cha, i-pemoline ayithathwa njengephephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngenxa yengozi yokulimala kwesibindi okukhulu. Le ngozi ibonakala ikhuphuka ngezikhathi zokwelashwa ezinde, okwenza ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kube yingozi ngempela.

Umonakalo wesibindi ungaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga noma iminyaka yokusetshenziswa okubonakala kuphephile. Lokhu okungalindelekile kwenza ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nge-pemoline kube yingozi enkulu futhi yingakho odokotela abaningi manje begwema ukuyincoma ngokuphelele.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithatha i-Pemoline eningi ngengozi?

Uma uthatha i-pemoline eningi ngengozi, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma xhumana nezikhungo zokulawula ubuthi. Ukweqisa kungaba kubi futhi kungase kubeke impilo engozini.

Izimpawu zokweqisa zingase zihlanganise ukuthukuthela okukhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukudideka, noma ukuquleka. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyavela yini - thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma usola ukweqisa.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Pemoline?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-pemoline, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma kusekuqaleni kosuku. Uma sekuhlwile noma sekusihlwa, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokulala.

Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ulungise lowo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Esikhundleni salokho, buyela esimisweni sakho esivamile sokuthatha imithi ngosuku olulandelayo.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Pemoline?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-pemoline ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho futhi angase afune ukunciphisa umthamo kancane kancane kunokuyeka ngokuphazima kweso.

Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha nge-pemoline, odokotela abaningi bangempela bangatusa ukushintshela kwenye indlela ephephile kunokuqhubeka nokwelashwa. Lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Q5. Zikhona Yini Ukudla Noma Imithi Okufanele Ngiyigweme Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Pemoline?

Ngenkathi uthatha i-pemoline, kufanele ugweme utshwala ngokuphelele, ngoba kungandisa ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi. Kufanele futhi uqaphele ngeminye imithi engathinta isibindi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezithile zokudambisa izinhlungu kanye nezithasiselo zemithi yezihlahla.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, kanye nemikhiqizo yemithi yezihlahla oyithathayo. Ezinye izinhlanganisela zingaba yingozi, futhi udokotela wakho udinga lolu lwazi ukuze akugcine uphephile.

I-Caffeine ingase futhi yandise imiphumela emibi efana nokuthuthumela noma izinkinga zokulala, ngakho-ke ungase ufune ukunciphisa ikhofi, itiye, nezinye iziphuzo eziqukethe i-caffeine ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi.