Yini i-Pretomanid: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Pretomanid iyimithi elwa namagciwane entsha eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zokukhwehlela ngamathambo (TB) ezingasabeli kahle ekwelashweni okujwayelekile. Isebenza ngokuhlasela amagciwane abangela i-TB ngendlela eyingqayizivele, okwenza ibaluleke ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezingamelani nemithi yalolu hlobo olukhulu lokutheleleka emaphashini.

Le mithi imelela ukuqhubeka okubalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-TB, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangathuthukiswanga izifo zabo ngama-antibiotics endabuko. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-pretomanid isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu ngohambo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Yini i-Pretomanid?

I-Pretomanid ingeyodwa yeqembu lama-antibiotics abizwa ngokuthi ama-nitroimidazoles, asebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunemithi endala ye-TB. Yenzelwe ngqo ukulwa namagciwane e-tuberculosis asemelana nezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezijwayelekile.

Umuthi uphazamisa ikhono lamagciwane lokwakha nokugcina izindonga zawo zamaseli, ngokuwenza buthakathaka aze angabe esakwazi ukusinda. Le ndlela eqondiwe yenza i-pretomanid isebenze ngempumelelo ekulweni nezifo ze-TB ezinzima ezinye izibulala-magciwane ezinzima ukuziqeda.

Ngokuvamile uzothola i-pretomanid njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe, okusho ukuthi isebenza kanye neminye imithi ye-TB ukudala indlela yokwelapha enamandla kakhulu. Leli su lokuhlanganisa lisiza ekuvikeleni amagciwane ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana kunoma iyiphi imithi eyodwa.

Isetshenziselwani i-Pretomanid?

I-Pretomanid isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-tuberculosis emelana nemithi kakhulu (XDR-TB) kanye namacala athile e-tuberculosis emelana nemithi eminingi (MDR-TB). Lezi yizinhlobo ezinkulu ze-TB ezingasabeli kuma-antibiotics ajwayelekile omugqa wokuqala.

Udktela wakho angase akunikeze i-pretomanid uma une-pulmonary tuberculosis - uhlobo oluthinta amaphaphu akho - futhi ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini akuzange kuphumelele. Ivunyelwe ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela ne-bedaquiline kanye ne-linezolid, okudala okubizwa ngokuthi i-BPaL regimen.

Lo muthi ugcinelwe amacala lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha seziphelelwe noma zingafaneleki. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho esithile ukuze linqume ukuthi i-pretomanid iyona ndlela efanele yokwelapha i-TB yakho.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Pretomanid?

I-Pretomanid isebenza ngokugxambukela nekhono lamagciwane e-tuberculosis lokukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile azidingayo ukuze ziphile. Ithathwa njenge-antibiotic ephakathi nendawo eqinile eqondise amagciwane e-TB ngendlela eyingqayizivele uma iqhathaniswa nemithi endala.

Umuthi uvulwa ngaphakathi kwamagciwane e-TB ngenqubo ethile ye-enzyme. Uma isivuliwe, idala izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi ezilimaza i-DNA yamagciwane futhi ziphazamise ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwamandla, ekugcineni kuholele ekufeni kwawo.

Okuthakazelisayo nge-pretomanid ikhono layo lokusebenza ngokumelene namagciwane akhula ngempela kanye nalawo alala angase acashe emzimbeni wakho. Lesi senzo esiphindwe kabili sisiza ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphelele kokutheleleka kwakho nge-TB.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Pretomanid?

Kufanele uthathe i-pretomanid ngendlela eqondile njengoba unqunyelwe udokotela wakho, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ngokudla. Ukuyithatha ngokudla kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba umunce umuthi ngempumelelo futhi kunganciphisa ithuba lokucasuka kwesisu.

Kungcono ukuthatha i-pretomanid ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze kugcinwe amazinga aqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho. Ungayithatha ngamanzi, ubisi, noma ijusi - noma yini ozizwa ukhululekile ngayo. Ukuba nesnakhi esilula noma ukudla ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunconywa.

Gwema ukuthatha i-pretomanid ngesisu esingenalutho, njengoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba nesicanucanu futhi kungase kuthinte ukuthi umzimba wakho uyithatha kahle kangakanani imithi. Uma uzwa ukungakhululeki esiswini, zama ukuyithatha nokudla okukhulu noma ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokulungiswa kwesikhathi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Pretomanid?

Inkambo yokwelashwa ejwayelekile nge-pretomanid ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-6, nakuba udokotela wakho ezoqoka isikhathi esiqondile esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Lokhu kufushane kakhulu kunezindlela zokwelapha i-TB zendabuko, ezivame ukudinga izinyanga eziyi-18-24.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizobheka inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nezifundo zokuthwebula izithombe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imithi isebenza ngempumelelo. Bangase balungise ubude bokwelashwa uma kudingeka ngokuya ngokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngaphambi kokuqeda yonke imithi. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela amagciwane e-TB ukuthi abuye futhi kungenzeka ukuthi athuthukise ukumelana nemithi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Pretomanid?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-pretomanid ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule noma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo futhi wazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ivame ukulawuleka futhi ivamise ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi. Nawa ama-effects ongase uhlangabezane nawo:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla noma izinguquko ekunambitheni
• Ukukhathala nokukhathala okujwayelekile
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukuqunjelwa noma ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unovalo

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukungabonakali kangako njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela ukwelashwa. Ukuthatha imithi nokudla nokuhlala unamanzi kahle kungasiza ekunciphiseni le miphumela.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukukwazi:

• Isicanucanu esibi noma ukuhlanza okukuvimbela ukuthi ungagcini ukudla noma uketshezi
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi, njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima ezinoshintsho embonweni
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu noma ukuqubuka

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinzima, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphuthumayo. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Pretomanid?

I-Pretomanid ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Izimo ezithile nezimo zingenza lo muthi ungafaneleki noma zidinge izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile.

Akufanele uthathe i-pretomanid uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani nezidakamizwa ze-nitroimidazole noma yiziphi izithako zamaphilisi e-pretomanid. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoxoxa ngezindlela zokwelapha ezingezinye uma unezi zokungezwani komzimba.

Izimo eziningi zezempilo zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-pretomanid:

• Isifo sesibindi esibi noma umlando wezinkinga zesibindi
• Isifo sezinso esibi esidinga i-dialysis
• Ukukhulelwa noma izinhlelo zokukhulelwa
• Ukuncelisa
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14
• Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesigqi senhliziyo

Udokotela wakho uzokala izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona esimweni sakho esithile. Bangase batusa ukuqapha okwengeziwe noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma unezinye zalezi zimo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Pretomanid

I-Pretomanid iyatholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Pretomanid FGK, elikhiqizwa yi-FGK Representative Service LLC. Lolu okwamanje umkhiqizo oyinhloko otholakalayo ezimakethe eziningi lapho imithi ivunyelwe khona.

Lo muthi ungase ubizwe nangegama lawo elivamile, i-pretomanid, emibhalweni yezokwelapha kanye nasezincwadini zokwelapha. Ikhemisi lakho ngokuvamile lizokunikeza umkhiqizo othile otholakala endaweni yakho.

Njalo qinisekisa nekhemisi lakho ukuthi uthola imithi efanele, futhi ungashintshi phakathi kwamafomula ahlukene ngaphandle kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha Nge-Pretomanid

Uma i-pretomanid ingakulungele, ziningi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umkhuhlane wamathambo ongamelana nemithi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lwe-TB kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Eminye imithi emisha ye-TB engase icatshangelwe ihlanganisa i-bedaquiline, i-delamanid, noma i-linezolid, evame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene. Le mithi isebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene kodwa ingasebenza kahle ekulweni nezinhlobo ze-TB ezingamelani nemithi.

Imithi yendabuko ye-TB yesibili efana ne-fluoroquinolones, ama-antibiotics ajovwayo, noma eminye imithi yomlomo ingase futhi ibe yizinketho, kuye ngendlela amagciwane akho e-TB amelana ngayo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokwenza ukuhlolwa kokuzwela ukuze linqume ukuthi imiphi imithi okungenzeka isebenze kahle ngokusho kokutheleleka kwakho okuthile.

Ingabe i-Pretomanid Ingcono Kune-Rifampin?

I-Pretomanid ne-rifampin zisebenzela izinjongo ezihlukene ekwelapheni i-TB, ngakho-ke akuqondile ukuthi enye “ingcono” kunenye. I-Rifampin iyisisekelo sokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-TB, kuyilapho i-pretomanid yenzelwe ngokuqondile amacala amelana nemithi.

Uma i-TB yakho izwela ku-rifampin, udokotela wakho cishe uzochaza ukwelashwa okusekelwe ku-rifampin ngoba kumisiwe kahle, kuyasebenza, futhi kuneminyaka eyishumi yemininingwane yokuphepha. I-Rifampin isebenza kahle kakhulu nge-TB ethambekele emithini futhi ngokuvamile iyindlela ekhethwayo uma isebenza.

I-Pretomanid iba yindlela engcono uma i-rifampin neminye imithi ejwayelekile ingasebenzi noma uma une-TB engamelani nemithi. Inikeza isikhathi sokwelashwa esifushane futhi ingasebenza ngokuphikisana nezinhlobo ezingaphenduli ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe ku-rifampin.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Pretomanid

Ingabe i-Pretomanid iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Pretomanid ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Umuthi awuthinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini, kodwa ukutheleleka nge-TB ngokwayo kungenza ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela kube yinselele enkulu.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza eduze nawe ukuqapha kokubili ukusabela kwakho ekwelashweni kwe-TB nokulawulwa kukashukela wegazi. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi balungise imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela noma uhlelo lokuqapha ngenkathi usekwelashweni nge-pretomanid.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngengozi ukuthatha i-Pretomanid eningi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-pretomanid eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyavela yini - iseluleko sezokwelapha esisheshayo sibalulekile.

Ngenkathi ulinde isiqondiso sezokwelapha, gwema ukuthatha eminye imithi futhi uhlale unamanzi. Yiba nebhodlela lakho lemithi elitholakalayo ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza imininingwane eqondile ngalokho nokuthi uthathe okungakanani.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Pretomanid?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-pretomanid, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, uma nje kungesona isikhathi esiseduze somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Uma iseduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ongekho, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ukhohlwa imithamo njalo - bangakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise amasu okuhlala emgqeni.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Pretomanid?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-pretomanid lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo, ngokuvamile ngemuva kokuqeda inkambo ephelele yezinyanga eziyi-6. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela amagciwane e-TB ukuthi abuye futhi kungenzeka ukuthi athuthukise ukumelana.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenzisa izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amasiko e-sputum kanye nezifundo zokucabanga, ukuze linqume ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuqediwe nini. Noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele, qhubeka nokuthatha imithi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Pretomanid?

Kungcono ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-pretomanid, njengoba kokubili imithi notshwala kungathinta isibindi sakho. Ukuhlanganisa kungase kwandise ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi ehlobene nesibindi.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala. Bangakweluleka ngemikhawulo ephephile futhi bangase batusa ukuqapha imisebenzi yesibindi kaningi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.