Yini i-Rimantadine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Rimantadine iyikhambi elilwa namagciwane elisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe nezifo ze-influenza A. Ngenye yemithi endala elwa namagciwane engavimbela futhi iphathe izinhlobo ezithile zomkhuhlane, nakuba ingabhaliwe njengamanje njengoba ezinye izinketho ezintsha. Cabanga ngayo njengomsizi oqondiwe okwenza kube nzima ngamagciwane omkhuhlane ukuthi azande emzimbeni wakho.

Yini i-Rimantadine?

I-Rimantadine ingeyodwa yezinhlobo zemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-adamantanes, okuyizidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane ezenzelwe ngqo ukulwa ngamagciwane e-influenza A. Isebenza ngokuvimba isiteshi samaprotheni esidingwa yileli gciwane ukuze lizale futhi lisabalale emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Le mithi isikhona kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990 futhi ekuqaleni yayisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuphikisana nezinhlobo eziningi zomkhuhlane. Nokho, eminyakeni edlule, amagciwane amaningi e-influenza A aye athuthukisa ukumelana ne-rimantadine, okusho ukuthi ayinconywa kakhulu njengoba yayinjalo ngaphambili.

Udokotela wakho angase acabangele i-rimantadine ezimweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho ezinye izinketho ezilwa namagciwane zingakulungele noma lapho ebhekene nezinhlobo ezithile zomkhuhlane ezisazwela kule mithi.

Isetshenziselwani i-Rimantadine?

I-Rimantadine isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ze-influenza A kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engaphezu konyaka owodwa. Ingasiza ukunciphisa ubukhulu nobude bezimpawu zomkhuhlane uma ithathwa emahoreni okuqala angu-48 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu.

Ukuvimbela, udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-rimantadine uma uke wavezwa othile onomkhuhlane noma ngesikhathi somkhuhlane uma usengozini enkulu yezinkinga. Isebenza ikakhulukazi emakhaya abahlengikazi noma kwezinye izilungiselelo zezikhungo lapho ukuqubuka komkhuhlane kungasakazeka ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-rimantadine isebenza kuphela ngamagciwane e-influenza A, hhayi i-influenza B noma amanye amagciwane okuphefumula njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Udokotela wakho uzoqaphela ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zakho zibangelwa uhlobo oluzophendula kulo muthi.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Rimantadine?

I-Rimantadine ithathwa njenge-antiviral esebenza ngendlela ephakathi uma isebenza ngamagciwane e-flu abuthakathaka. Iqondisa iphrotheni ethile ebizwa nge-M2, esebenza njengesango elisetshenziswa ngamagciwane e-flu ukungena nokuphuma emangqamuzaneni akho.

Ngokuvala lesi siteshi sephrotheni, i-rimantadine ivimbela igciwane ukuthi liqede umjikelezo walo wempilo ngempumelelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igciwane linzima kakhulu ukuzala nokusabalala kwamanye amaseli ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula.

Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uqala ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokutheleleka, okungcono phakathi kwamahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngemuva kwaleli windi, igciwane livame ukuzimisa ngokuqinile kakhulu ukuze i-rimantadine yenze umehluko omkhulu.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Rimantadine?

I-Rimantadine ivame ukuthathwa ngomlomo njengamaphilisi noma isiraphu, ngokuvamile kanye noma kabili ngosuku ngokuya ngemiyalo kadokotela wakho. Ungayithatha ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kokudla, yize ukuyithatha nokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa isisu uma uhlangabezana nanoma yini.

Ukwelashwa, umthamo ovamile omdala ungama-100 mg kabili ngosuku izinsuku eziyi-5-7. Ukuvimbela, kuvame ukunqunywa njengama-100 mg kanye ngosuku. Imithamo yezingane ibalwa ngokuya ngesisindo nobudala, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzoqaphela inani elifanele lengane yakho.

Zama ukuthatha i-rimantadine ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho. Uma uyithatha kabili ngosuku, hlanganisa imithamo cishe ngamahora ayi-12. Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi ukuze uhlale unamanzi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Rimantadine?

Ukwelapha izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezisebenzayo, i-rimantadine ivamise ukunikezwa izinsuku eziyi-5-7, iqala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ubude obuqondile busekelwe ekutheni izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani nokuthi ululama ngokushesha kangakanani.

Uma isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela, ungase uthathe i-rimantadine isikhathi somkhuhlane noma kuze kube amasonto ayi-6, kuye ngezinto eziyingozi zakho nesimo sokuchayeka. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ubude obufanele ngokuya ngezimo zakho ezithile.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-rimantadine ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono. Ukuqeda inkambo ephelele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane licindezelwe ngokwanele futhi kunciphisa ithuba lokuthi libuye liqine.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Rimantadine?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela kahle i-rimantadine, kodwa njenganoma imuphi umuthi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile, futhi abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emincane kuphela uma ikhona.

Nawa amanye amiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole:

• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ukuhluleka ukulala noma ukuqwasha
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka

Le miphumela ivamise ukuba mncane futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Ukuthatha i-rimantadine nokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi ehlobene nesisu.

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase bathole imiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kungabandakanya isiyezi esikhulu, ukudideka, ubunzima bokugxila, noma izinguquko ezingavamile zemizwa. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha i-Rimantadine?

IRimantadine ayifaneleki kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi kunezimo ezithile lapho udokotela wakho engathanda ukuncoma umuthi ohlukile. Abantu abanezinkinga ezinzima zezinso kufanele basebenzise i-rimantadine ngokucophelela, njengoba umuthi ucubungulwa ngezinso.

Kufanele wazise udokotela wakho uma unomlando wokuhlaselwa yizithuthwane, isifo sesibindi, noma izimo zempilo yengqondo, njengoba i-rimantadine ngezinye izikhathi ingenza lezi zimo zibe zimbi. Abantu abadala bangase bazwe imiphumela yomuthi kakhulu futhi bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wabo, njengoba kunolwazi olulinganiselwe mayelana nokuphepha kwe-rimantadine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma uncelisa, inani elincane lomuthi lingadlulela obisini lwebele, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi ezingaba khona.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Rimantadine

Igama elivamile lomkhiqizo we-rimantadine e-United States yi-Flumadine, nakuba itholakala njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Inguqulo ejwayelekile iqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi isebenza ngempumelelo njengenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo.

Ikhemisi lakho lingase lithwale izinguqulo ezahlukene zabakhiqizi be-rimantadine ejwayelekile, kodwa zonke zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanayo zekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle. Uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nokushintsha phakathi kwezinguqulo ezihlukene, xoxa ngalokhu nosokhemisi wakho noma udokotela.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Rimantadine

Eminye imithi eminingi elwa namagciwane iyatholakala yokwelapha nokuvimbela umkhuhlane, futhi eminingi ivame ukunqunywa namuhla kune-rimantadine. I-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) kanye ne-zanamivir (Relenza) yizithiyo ze-neuraminidase ezisebenza ngokumelene namagciwane omkhuhlane A no-B.

I-Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) iyilwa namagciwane elisha elingathathwa njengomthamo owodwa wokwelashwa. Lezi ezinye izindlela zivame ukukhethwa ngoba zisebenza ngokumelene nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlobo zomkhuhlane futhi ukumelana akuvamile.

Udktela wakho uzokhetha i-antiviral engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lomkhuhlane olusabalala endaweni yakho, iminyaka yakho, ezinye izimo zempilo, kanye namaphethini wamanje okumelana. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ngokuphumula, uketshezi, kanye nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kungase kube yindlela efanele kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Rimantadine ingcono kune-Oseltamivir?

Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ezisabalalayo kanye nesimo sakho sempilo. I-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ngokuvamile ithandwa kakhulu namuhla ngoba isebenza ngokumelene namagciwane e-influenza A kanye ne-B, kuyilapho i-rimantadine iqondiswe kuphela ku-influenza A.

I-Oseltamivir nayo ibhekene nokumelana okuncane ezinhlotsheni zamanje zomkhuhlane, okuyenza isebenze ngokwethembeka. Kodwa-ke, i-rimantadine ingase ikhethwe ezimweni ezithile lapho i-oseltamivir ingafaneleki noma ingatholakali.

Udktela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezifana namaphethini omkhuhlane wendawo, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi, kanye nezindleko lapho enquma ukuthi iyiphi i-antiviral engcono kuwe. Yomibili imithi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma iqaliswa kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Rimantadine

Ingabe i-rimantadine iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

I-Rimantadine ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo, njengoba ngokuvamile ingayithinti isigqi senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ngendlela ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi wazise udktela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo zenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umuthi omusha.

Abanye abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo bangase bazwe isiyezi noma ukukhathala ngenkathi bethatha i-rimantadine, okungase kube ngaphezulu uma usuvele unezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi. Udktela wakho angakuqapha eduze futhi alungise umthamo uma kudingeka.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuzile i-rimantadine eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngabe uthathe i-rimantadine eningi kunaleyo oyinikiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kungakhuphula ingozi yemiphumela emibi efana nesiyezi esikhulu, ukudideka, noma izinguquko zesigqi senhliziyo.

Ungazami "ukulungisa" ukweqisa ngokuqaqa umthamo wakho olandelayo. Kunalokho, thola iseluleko sezokwelapha mayelana nendlela yokuqhubeka ngokuphepha. Gcina umkhondo wokuthi uthathe okungakanani nokuthi nini, ngoba lolu lwazi luzosiza abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi banqume inkambo engcono kakhulu yesenzo.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-rimantadine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kwalapho sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile. Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise eyodwa ephuthelwe.

Zama ukugcina isikhathi esiqhubekayo ngemithamo yakho ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma ukuthatha i-rimantadine ngesikhathi esifanayo nomunye umsebenzi wansuku zonke kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-rimantadine?

Kufanele uqede inkambo ephelele ye-rimantadine njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho, noma ngabe uqala ukuzwa ngcono ngaphambi kokuqeda yonke imithi. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi libuye futhi mhlawumbe lithuthukise ukumelana.

Uma uthatha i-rimantadine ukuvimbela, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uyeke nini ngokuya ngengozi yakho yokuchayeka nesimo somkhuhlane wendawo. Ungayeki ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ngaphandle kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-rimantadine?

Ngenkathi kungekho ukusebenzisana okuthile phakathi kwe-rimantadine notshwala, ngokuvamile kungcono ukugwema ukuphuza ngenkathi ululama emkhuhlaneni. Utshwala bungenza ukoma kube kubi futhi bungaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nokutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili i-rimantadine notshwala kungadala isiyezi noma ukozela, ngakho ukukuhlanganisa kungase kwandise le miphumela. Gxila ekuhlaliseni amanzi ngamanzi kanye nezinye iziphuzo ezingenawo utshwala ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi.