He aha te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus (HPS) tētahi mate pūhau rākau nā te manawa i ngā pūhui kua whakapokeketia e te huaketo hantavirus. Ko te nuinga o ngā kiore, arā, ngā kiore rākau, e kawe ana i tēnei huaketo i Amerika ki te Raki me Amerika ki te Tonga.

Ahakoa e rangona ana te ingoa, he āhua wehi, ka taea e te mārama ki te HPS te āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi ngāwari hei tiaki i a koe me tō whānau. Ka puta te āhuatanga ina puta mai ngā pūhui iti o te huaketo i roto i te hau mai i ngā paru, mimi, rānei i ngā taonga o ngā kiore kua pangia, ka manawahia ki roto ki ō pūhau.

He aha ngā tohu o te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ka puta ngā tohu HPS i roto i ngā wāhanga e rua, i te tīmatanga i te 1 ki te 8 wiki i muri i te whakapa ki te huaketo. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi he rite ki te mate huaketo nui, ka uaua pea te kite i te tīmatanga.

I te wāhanga tuatahi, ka kite pea koe i ēnei tohu noa e roa ana mō ngā rā maha:

• Te kirika nui (nui atu i te 101°F, 38.3°C)
• Te mamae o ngā uaua, ina koa i ō tuara, pokohiwi, me ō huha
• Ngā mamae o te upoko kaore e pai te whakautu ki ngā rongoā mamae noa
• Te wiri me te werawera
• Te ruaki, te ruaki, me te mamae o te puku
• Te māuiui me te ngenge e āhua nui ana

Ka puta te wāhanga tuarua ka piki haere ngā raruraru o te manawa. Ka puta tēnei i te 4 ki te 10 rā i muri i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu tuatahi, ā, koinei te wā e mate ai te āhuatanga.

Ka kawea mai e te wāhanga manawa ēnei tohu e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora tonu:

• Te poto o te manawa ka tere te kino haere
• Te kōhū maroke ka iti pea te māku
• Te hanga wai i roto i ō pūhau, ka uaua te manawa
• Te tere o te ngākau ina ngana tō tinana ki te whiwhi i te hau
• Te iti o te toto e āhei ana ki te pōhēhē

Ko te mea ka tino kino te HPS ko te tere o te piki o ngā raruraru o te manawa. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e pai ake ana i muri i te wāhanga mate huaketo tuatahi, engari ka pa ki te raruraru o te manawa i roto i ngā haora.

He aha ngā take o te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ko te HPS te take o ngā momo huaketo hantavirus, ko te huaketo Sin Nombre te nuinga o te take i Amerika.

Ko ngā kiore rākau te nuinga o ngā kai kawe o te huaketo hantavirus, kei te nuinga o Amerika ki te Raki. Ka rerekē ngā kiore kai kawe i runga i te rohe, engari ka uru atu ngā kiore kātene, ngā kiore raihi, me ngā kiore waewae-mā.

Ka taea e koe te pangia mā ngā huarahi maha, ahakoa kaore e tika te whakapa tika ki ngā kiore:

• Te manawa i ngā pūhui puehu kua whakapokeketia e ngā paru, mimi, rānei i te waha o ngā kiore

Te pā ki ngā papa kua whakapokeketia, ka pā ki tō waha, ihu, kanohi rānei

Te ngau e te kiore kua pangia (ahakoa he iti rawa tēnei)

Te kai i te kai kua whakapokeketia e ngā kiore kua pangia

Ka puta te huaketo ki te hau ina ohorere te paru kiore maroke i te wa e horoi ana, e neke ana i ngā taonga kua penapena, e whakahou ana rānei i ngā wāhi i noho ai ngā kiore. Koinei te take i puta ai ngā mate i te wa e horoi ana ngā tāngata i ngā kāinga, whare, rānei i ngā wāhi penapena kaore i whakamahia mō tētahi wā.

He mea nui kia mōhio kei te kore te HPS e horapa mai i te tangata ki te tangata i Amerika ki te Raki, kaore i rite ki ētahi atu momo huaketo hantavirus kei ētahi atu wāhi o te ao. Kaore hoki koe e whiwhi mai i ngā kararehe penei i ngā ngeru, ngā kuri, ngā kararehe kāinga.

Nō hea te haere ki te taote mō te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Me rapu wawe koe i te tiaki hauora mena ka puta mai ngā tohu rite ki te mate huaketo i roto i ngā wiki 6 i muri i te whakapa pea ki ngā kiore, ina koa i ngā wāhi taiao, ngā ngahere rānei.

Karanga atu ki tō taote inaianei mena ka pa ki a koe te kirika, te mamae o ngā uaua, me te ngenge i muri i te horoi i ngā wāhi i noho pea ai ngā kiore. Ahakoa kaore koe e tino mohio ki te whakapa ki ngā kiore, whakahuahia ngā mahi hou e pā ana ki ngā wāhi puehu, te puni, te mahi taiao rānei.

Haere atu ki te ruma urupare inaianei mena ka puta mai ngā raruraru o te manawa, ina koa mena ka puta mai ngā raruraru o te manawa, te tere o te ngākau, te kore rānei e taea te manawa.

Ko te tere o te whiwhi i te tiaki hauora, ko te pai ake o ō tūmanako kia ora. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakarato hauora te whakarato i ngā maimoatanga tautoko e tino whakapai ake ana i ngā hua ina tīmata wawe i te tukanga mate.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ka piki ake te morearea o te whakapa ki te huaketo hantavirus i ētahi mahi me ngā wāhi, ahakoa ka taea e te tangata te tūtaki ki ngā kiore kua pangia. Ka āwhina te mārama ki ēnei take morearea ki a koe ki te tango i ngā whakarite tika.

He nui te wāhi o ngā take whenua i tō taumata morearea:

• Te noho i ngā wāhi taiao, ina koa i te taha hauauru o Amerika
• Te noho i ngā wāhi e nui ana ngā kiore rākau
• Te toro atu ki ngā rohe kua pūrongohia ngā keehi HPS i mua
• Te haere ki ngā wāhi ngahere rānei ngā whenua tarutaru e noho ana ngā kiore

Ka taea hoki e ētahi mahi me ngā mahi te piki ake i tō morearea whakapa:

• Te horoi i ngā whare, ngā whare rānei, ngā whare rānei
• Te whakatuwhera, te horoi rānei i ngā kāinga puni, i ngā kāinga hararei i muri i ngā wā roa kaore i whakamahia
• Te puni, te hikoi, te mahi rānei i ngā wāhi e nui ana te mahi a ngā kiore
• Te mahi ahuwhenua, ina koa i ngā wāhi penapena witi
• Te mahi hangahanga, te mahi tiaki rānei i ngā whare taiao
• Te mahi whakahaere pōtiki e pā ana ki te horoi kiore

Ka pā te tau kōwhiringa ki te morearea, ko te nuinga o ngā keehi ka puta i te puna me te tīmatanga o te raumati ina nui ake te tūmanako o ngā tāngata ki te horoi me te whakahaere i ngā whare kua kati i ngā marama o te takurua.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ka taea e te HPS te arahi ki ngā raruraru nui e pā ana ki tō manawa me tō mahi ngākau. Ka āwhina te mārama ki ēnei raruraru pea ki te whakamārama he aha te mea nui o te tiaki hauora wawe.

Ko ngā raruraru tino noa me te tino nui:

• Te mate pūhau manawa nui (ARDS), ka kīia ō pūhau ki te wai
• Te pōhēhē cardiogenic, kaore e taea e tō ngākau te pupuri i te toto ki ō whatumanawa
• Te iti o te toto e āhei ana ki te kore mahi o ngā whatumanawa
• Ngā raruraru whatukuhu nā te iti o te toto
• Ngā mate huaketo tuarua i roto i ngā pūhau

I roto i ngā keehi kino, ka hiahia pea koe ki te tautoko whakahaere matatau tae atu ki te hau manawa hei āwhina i a koe ki te manawa. Ka hiahia pea etahi tāngata ki ngā rongoā hei tautoko i tō mahi ngākau me te pupuri i te toto.

Ko te rongo pai ko ngā tāngata e ora ana i te wāhanga nui o te HPS ka ora tonu kaore he kino roa ki ngā pūhau. Heoi, ka roa pea ngā wiki, ngā marama rānei te ora, ā, ka ngenge pea koe i tēnei wā.

Me pēhea te aukati i te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ko te aukati e aro ana ki te karo i te whakapa ki ngā kiore kua pangia me ō rātou taonga paru. Ko te huarahi tino whai hua ko te whakaiti i tō taiao ki ngā kiore me te horoi haumaru i ngā wāhi i noho pea ai rātou.

Tīmata mā te whakaiti i tō kāinga me tō taiao ki ngā kiore:

• Te hiri i ngā rua me ngā wahi pakaru i te turanga o tō kāinga, ngā pakitara, me te tuanui
• Te penapena kai i roto i ngā ipu kiore-aukati i hangaia i te rino, i te kirihou matotoru rānei
• Te pupuri i te kai kararehe i roto i ngā ipu kī, te horoi wawe i ngā ringaringa
• Te tango i ngā rakau, ngā puranga rakau, me ngā paru i te taha o tō kāinga
• Te pupuri i te pāmu ma kaore he tipu nui i te taha o ngā whare
• Te whakamahi i ngā taonga hopu kiore, kaua ko te poizon mena ka hiahia koe ki te whakahaere i ngā kiore

I te wa e horoi ana i ngā wāhi i noho ai ngā kiore, whai i ēnei mahi haumaru:

• Te kakahu i ngā karapu rapa me te pūeru puehu, te pūeru manawa rānei
• Te whakapūhau i te wāhi mō te 30 meneti i mua i te horoi
• Te whakainu i ngā paru me ngā wāhi kua whakapokeketia ki te otinga whakakī 10%
• Te karo i te tō me te whakakī, ka taea te whakaohooho i ngā pūhui huaketo ki te hau
• Te whakamahi i ngā tikanga horoi makuku me ngā otinga whakakī
• Te tuku i ngā taonga kua whakapokeketia ki roto i ngā putea kirihou kī

Mena kei te puni koe, kei te hikoi rānei, tīpakohia ngā wāhi puni tawhiti atu i ngā wāhi e kitea ana te mahi a ngā kiore. Penapena kai i roto i ngā ipu kī, karohia te moe i runga i te whenua tahanga e taea ai te haere a ngā kiore.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ko te whakatau i te HPS e hiahia ana ki te whakakotahitanga o ō tohu, te hītori whakapa, me ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga motuhake. Ka tīmata tō taote mā te ui i ngā pātai taipitopito e pā ana ki ō mahi hou me te whakapa pea ki ngā kiore.

Ko te tukanga whakatau e whakauru ana i ngā kaupae maha. Tuatahi, ka mahi tō kaiwhakarato hauora i te tirotiro tinana ka arotake i ō tohu. Ka tino aro ratou ki tō manawa, te tere o te ngākau, me te toto.

He mea nui ngā whakamātautau toto mō te whakau i te whakatau HPS:

• Ngā whakamātautau antibody hei kite i te whakautu a tō pūnaha ārai ki te huaketo hantavirus
• Ngā whakamātautau PCR e taea ai te kite i te rauemi ira o te huaketo i roto i tō toto
• Te tatau toto katoa hei tirotiro i ngā huringa āhua i roto i ō pūtau toto
• Ngā whakamātautau hei ine i ngā taumata hau me te mahi o ngā whatumanawa

Ka tono pea tō taote i ngā X-rays uma rānei i ngā tātaritanga CT hei tirotiro i ō pūhau mō te wai rānei i ngā huringa. Ka āwhina ēnei tātaritanga whakaahua ki te aromatawai i te kino o te whakauru pūhau me te arahi i ngā whakatau maimoatanga.

Nō te mea ka rite ngā tohu HPS ki ētahi atu āhuatanga penei i te mate pūhau rānei i te mate huaketo, ka whakahaere pea tō kaiwhakarato hauora i ngā whakamātautau atu hei whakakore i ētahi atu take o tō mate.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

I tēnei wā, kaore he rongoā antiviral motuhake e whakaora ana i te HPS, no reira ka aro te maimoatanga ki te tautoko i ngā mahi nui o tō tinana i te wa e whawhai ana tō pūnaha ārai i te mate. Ko te tere o te whiwhi i te tiaki tautoko, ko te pai ake o ō tūmanako kia ora.

He mea nui te tiaki whare hāpānui mō te maimoatanga HPS, ā, ka hiahia pea koe ki te tirotiro matatau. Ka tirotiro tata tō rōpū hauora i tō manawa, te mahi ngākau, me te toto i te wa e ora ana koe.

Ka uru pea ngā maimoatanga tautoko ki:

• Te rongoā hau hei āwhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata hau tika i roto i tō toto
• Te hau manawa mena kaore e taea e koe te manawa tika
• Ngā rongoā hei tautoko i tō mahi ngākau me te toto
• Te whakahaere wai atawhai hei aukati i ngā raruraru pūhau atu
• Te maimoatanga mō ngā mate tuarua e puta mai pea

I ētahi wā, ka hiahia pea te maimoatanga e kiia nei ko te extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Ko tēnei tikanga matatau e tango ana i te mahi o tō ngākau me ō pūhau, e hoatu ana ki ēnei whatumanawa te wā ki te ora.

Ka tirotiro hoki tō rōpū hauora i tō mahi whatukuhu ka whakarato i te tautoko atu mena ka hiahiatia. Ka rerekē te wā ora, engari ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e ora ana i te wāhanga nui ka tūmanako ki te hoki haere ki ngā mahi noa i roto i ngā wiki, ngā marama rānei.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te tiaki i te wa o te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ko te whakahaere i te HPS e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora ngaio i roto i te whare hauora, engari ko te mārama ki te aha e tumanakohia ana ka āwhina i a koe me tō whānau ki te whakarite mō te tukanga ora. Ka whakahaere tō rōpū hauora i ngā āhuatanga hauora uaua i te wa e aro ana koe ki te okioki me te ora.

I te wa e noho ana koe i te whare hauora, ka taea e koe te tautoko i tō ora mā te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō rōpū hauora. Kei roto i ēnei te tango i ngā rongoā kua tohua, te whakauru ki ngā mahi manawa mena ka tūtohutia, me te whakamōhio i ngā huringa i tō āhua.

Ka taea e ō whānau te āwhina mā te pupuri i te whakawhitiwhiti korero ki tō rōpū hauora me te whakarato i te tautoko ngākau. Me tango hoki e rātou ngā whakarite hei karo i te whakapa pea ki ngā kiore, ina koa mena kei te āwhina rātou ki te horoi, ki te whakarite rānei i tō kāinga mō tō hokinga.

I muri i tō tukunga atu i te whare hauora, ka haere tonu te ora ki te kāinga me ngā hui whakarite. Ka ngenge pea koe mō ngā wiki maha, he mea noa tēnei i te wa e ora tonu ana tō tinana i tēnei mate nui.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

I te wa e rapu ana i te tiaki hauora mō te HPS e whakapaetia ana, ka taea e te whakarite te āwhina i tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te mahi i te whakatau tika tere. He mea nui te wā ki tenei āhuatanga, no reira kohikohia ngā mōhiohio matua i mua i tō toro atu.

Whakaritea he raupapa taipitopito o ō tohu, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai ia tohu me te nui o tōna kino. Tuhia ō mahi i ngā wiki 6 kua pahure, kia tino aro ki te whakapa pea ki ngā kiore.

Kawe mai ēnei mōhiohio nui ki tō hui:

• Rārangi o ngā tohu katoa me ngā rā i tīmata ai rātou
• Te hītori haere hou, ina koa ki ngā wāhi taiao, ngā ngahere rānei
• Ngā mahi horoi, mahi tiaki rānei e pā ana ki ngā wāhi puehu
• Te puni, te hikoi, ngā mahi i waho rānei i ngā wiki 6 kua pahure
• Ngā rongoā o nāianei me ngā mate pāwera kei a koe
• Ngā mōhiohio whakapā mō ngā whānau, hoa rānei

Kaua e whakaroa ki te whakahua i ngā mahi kaore pea e hono, penei i te toro atu ki te kāinga puni, te horoi i te kāreti, te mahi rānei i te whare.

Mena kei te tino mate koe, kia tarai tetahi ki a koe ki te hui, karanga rānei mō ngā ratonga hauora āwhāwhā. Ko tō ora te mea nui rawa, ā, he pai te whakarite o ngā kaiwhakarato hauora ki te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga āwhāwhā.

He aha te mea nui e pā ana ki te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

Ko te HPS he mate nui engari ka taea te aukati e puta ana ina manawa koe i ngā pūhui kua whakapokeketia e te huaketo hantavirus mai i ngā kiore kua pangia. Ahakoa he iti, e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora tonu no te mea ka tere te piki ki ngā raruraru manawa e mate ai.

Ko te mea nui rawa hei mahara ko te aukati he tino whai hua. Ka taea e ngā mahi ngāwari penei i te hiri i ngā wāhi tomo ki tō kāinga, te penapena tika i te kai, me te whakamahi i ngā mahi horoi haumaru te whakaiti nui i tō morearea whakapa.

Mena ka puta mai ngā tohu rite ki te mate huaketo i muri i te whakapa pea ki ngā kiore, kaua e tatari ki te rapu i te tiaki hauora. Ko te maimoatanga wawe me te tiaki tautoko e tino whakapai ake ana i ngā hua, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whiwhi ana i te tiaki hauora tere ka ora tonu.

Kia mahara kei te kore te HPS e horapa mai i te tangata ki te tangata, no reira kaua e manukanuka ki te tuku atu ki ngā whānau, hoa rānei. Aro atu ki te whiwhi i te tiaki hauora tika me te whai i ngā rautaki aukati hei tiaki i a koe me ētahi atu i te whakapa a muri ake nei.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana e pā ana ki te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus

Ka taea te whiwhi hantavirus mai i ngā kiore kararehe penei i ngā hamsters, ngā guinea pigs rānei?

Kāo, kaore e taea te whiwhi hantavirus mai i ngā kiore kararehe kāinga penei i ngā hamsters, ngā guinea pigs, ngā gerbils, ngā kiore kararehe rānei. Ko ngā huaketo e arahi ana ki te HPS e kawehia ana e ngā kiore ngahere, ina koa ngā kiore rākau me ngā momo e hono ana.

Ko ngā kiore kararehe e whānau ana i roto i ngā taiao whakahaere kaore e kawe i ngā huaketo rite ki ō rātou hoa ngahere. Heoi, he mahi pai tonu te horoi i ō ringa i muri i te whakahaere i ngā kararehe katoa me te pupuri i ō rātou pouaka ma.

E pehea te roa o te ora o te hantavirus i roto i te taiao?

Ka taea e te Hantavirus te ora i roto i ngā paru kiore maroke me te puehu kua whakapokeketia mō ngā rā ki ngā wiki, i runga i ngā āhuatanga taiao. Ka ora roa te huaketo i roto i ngā āhuatanga makariri, makuku, ka pakaru tere ake i roto i ngā āhuatanga wera, maroke.

Ko te rā tika me ngā whakakī noa penei i ngā otinga whakakī e whakangaro ana i te huaketo. Koinei te take he mea nui te horoi tika me ngā whakakī i te wa e mahi ana ki ngā wāhi i noho ai ngā kiore.

He werohanga kei te wātea mō te hantavirus?

I tēnei wā, kaore he werohanga kei te wātea mō te hantavirus i Amerika. Ko te aukati mā ngā whakahaere taiao me ngā mahi horoi haumaru tonu te huarahi tino whai hua hei karo i te pangia.

Kei te haere tonu ngā kairangahau ki te whakawhanake i ngā werohanga, engari mō nāianei, ko te aro ki te whakaiti i ngā taupori kiore i te taha o tō kāinga me te whai i ngā tukanga horoi haumaru ko tō tiaki pai.

Me pēhea te mahi mena ka kite koe i ngā paru kiore i roto i tō kāinga?

Mena ka kite koe i ngā paru kiore, kaua e mataku, engari tangohia ngā whakarite tika i mua i te horoi. Whakapūhau i te wāhi tuatahi, katahi kakahuhia ngā karapu me te pūeru puehu i te wa e horoi ana.

Whakainuhia ngā paru ki te otinga whakakī 10% ka waiho mō ngā meneti torutoru i mua i te horoi ki ngā tauera pepa. Karohia te tō, te whakakī rānei, no te mea ka taea te whakaohooho i ngā pūhui puehu kua whakapokeketia ki te hau.

E pehea te noa o te Mate Pūhau Hantavirus?

He iti rawa te HPS, ko te 20 ki te 40 noa ngā keehi i ia tau i Amerika. Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi ka puta i ngā wāhi taiao o ngā kawanatanga hauauru, ahakoa kua pūrongohia ngā keehi puta noa i te whenua.

Ahakoa he mate nui te mate ina puta, he iti rawa te morearea mo te nuinga o ngā tāngata. Ko te tango i ngā mahi aukati taketake e whakaiti ake ana i tō morearea, no reira kaore he take ki te manukanuka nui ki tenei āhuatanga.