He aha te Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tētahi āhuatanga e pakari ana te uaua o tō ngākau, e āhei ai te pupuhi o te toto. Whakaarohia he tangata kaha e nui rawa ana ōna uaua, ā, ka āhei te aukati i te nekehanga – ka pakari te uaua o tō ngākau kia āhei ai te aukati i te rere o te toto.

Ko tēnei āhuatanga ira e pā ana ki te 1 o te 500 o te tangata puta noa te ao, ahakoa he tokomaha kaore e mōhio kei a rātou. Ko te pakari e puta ana i te taiepa e wehewehe ana i ngā rūma e rua o raro o tō ngākau, engari ka taea te puta i tetahi wāhi o te uaua o te ngākau.

He aha ngā tohu o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

He tokomaha ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kaore e kite i ngā tohu, ā, ina koa i ngā wā tīmatanga. Ki te puta mai ngā tohu, ka tupu haere pea i te wā e pakari haere ana te uaua o te ngākau.

Ko ngā tohu tino noa ka kite koe:

• Te poto o te manawa, ina koa i te wā e mahi tinana ana, i te takoto rā.
• Te mamae o te uma, ina koa i te wā e whakakori tinana ana.
• Te pupuhi o te ngākau, te rere, te ngākau rānei.
• Te māuiui, te ngākau ngoikore rānei, ina koa i te wā e tu ana.
• Te ngenge e kore e rite ki tō mahi.
• Te ngākau ngākau, ina koa i te wā e whakakori tinana ana, i muri rānei.

Ko ngā tohu kaore e tino kitea, engari he nui ake te kino, ko te pupuhi o ō waewae, o ō turi, o ō waewae rānei, me te uaua o te manawa e kino ake ana i te takoto. E whakaatu ana enei tohu kei te whakapau kaha tō ngākau ki te pupuhi toto.

I etahi wā, ko te tohu tuatahi o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ko te mutu o te ngākau, ina koa ki ngā kaitākaro taitamariki. Koia tēnei i aro nui ai te āhuatanga ki te rongoā hākinakina, ahakoa he mea onge tonu.

He aha ngā momo hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

E rua ngā momo matua o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, e pā ana ki tō ngākau. Ko te momo kei a koe e whakatau ana i ō tohu me tō huarahi maimoatanga.

Ko te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aukati e puta ana ina aukati ana te uaua o te ngākau e pakari ana i te rere o te toto i tō ngākau. E puta ana tēnei i te 70% o ngā take, ā, e tino puta ana ngā tohu penei i te mamae o te uma me te poto o te manawa i te wā e mahi ana.

Ko te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kore-aukati e kī ana he mātoru te uaua, engari kaore e aukati nui i te rere o te toto. He iti ake ngā tohu o ngā tāngata e pangia ana e tēnei momo, ahakoa kaore te ngākau e okioki tika i waenganui i ngā whiu, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā raruraru i te wā.

He momo onge ano te apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, kei reira te pakari e puta ana i te pito o te ngākau. He tino noa tēnei momo ki ngā tāngata o te iwi Japanese, ā, he iti ake ngā tohu i ētahi atu momo.

He aha ngā take o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ko te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy he āhuatanga ira e tuku ana i ngā whānau. E 60% o ngā take e puta ana i ngā rerekētanga o ngā ira e whakahaere ana i te mahi o ngā pūmua o te uaua o tō ngākau.

Ko ngā ira tino pāngia:

• MYH7 me MYBPC3, e hanga ana i ngā pūmua e tino nui ana mō te whakawhāiti o te uaua o te ngākau
• TNNT2 me TNNI3, e āwhina ana ki te whakahaere i te wā e whakawhāiti ana, e okioki ana rānei te uaua o tō ngākau
• TPM1 me ACTC1, e tautoko ana i te hanganga o ngā pūtau uaua o te ngākau

Ki te pangia tētahi o ō mātua e te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, he 50% te tūponotanga o te whiwhi i te rerekētanga ira. Heoi, ko te whai i te ira kaore e whakaatu kē koe ka puta mai ngā tohu – he tokomaha ngā tāngata e mau ana i te rerekētanga engari kaore e whakaatu i ngā tohu o te āhuatanga.

I etahi wā, ka taea te whanake o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kaore he hītori whānau. Ka taea pea tēnei te puta mai i ngā rerekētanga ira hou, i te mea kaore e tino kitea, hei hua o ētahi atu āhuatanga penei i ētahi mate whakaheke, i te toto teitei roa rānei.

Nō hea te kite i te taote mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Me kite wawe koe i te taote ki te pāngia koe e te mamae o te uma, te poto o te manawa i ngā mahi noa, i ngā ngākau ngākau rānei. E tika ana ēnei tohu kia arotakehia e te taote ahakoa he ngawari, he haere mai, he haere atu rānei.

Rapua te awhina hauora tūturu ki te pāngia koe e te mamae nui o te uma, te uaua o te manawa i te okioki, i te ngākau ngākau rānei i te wā e whakakori tinana ana, i muri rānei. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaatu kei te pānga te āhuatanga ki te kaha o tō ngākau ki te pupuhi toto.

Ki te whai koe i te hītori whānau o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, te mate ngākau ohorere, te koretake rānei o te ngākau, whakaarohia te tohutohu ira me te tirotiro ahakoa kaore he tohu. Ka taea e te kite wawe te āwhina i te aukati i ngā raruraru me te arahi i ngā whakatau noho.

Ko ngā tirotiro noa e tino nui ana ki te whakatau koe, i te mea ka taea te huri o tō āhuatanga i te wā. Ka hiahia tō taote ki te tirotiro i te mahi o tō ngākau me te whakarite i te maimoatanga kia rite ki te hiahia.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ko te take tūponotanga nui rawa atu mō te whanake o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ko te whai i te hītori whānau o te āhuatanga. I te mea he ira tino nui, he nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te whakatauhia tētahi mātua, teina, tamaiti rānei.

He maha ngā take ka pā ki te whanake me te haere o te āhuatanga:

• Tau – e tino puta ana ngā tohu i ngā tau whakahirahira, i ngā tau pakeke rānei, ahakoa ka taea te whanake i tetahi tau.
• Ira tangata – e tino puta ana ngā tohu me ngā raruraru i ngā tāne i ngā wāhine.
• Iwi – etahi iwi, tae atu ki ngā tāngata o te iwi African, pea he rerekētanga ira rerekē.
• Te toto teitei – ahakoa ehara i te take, ka taea te whakaiti i te āhuatanga ki te pā.

He mea whakahihiri, kaore e taea e koe te aukati i te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mā ngā huringa noho, i te mea he ira. Heoi, ko te noho hauora me te whakahaere i ētahi atu take tūponotanga ngākau ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te noho pai me te āhuatanga.

I etahi wā, ko ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora penei i te Noonan syndrome, i ētahi mate whakaheke rānei ka taea te whakanui i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te uaua o te ngākau e rite ana ki te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ahakoa he tokomaha ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy e ora ana i te ora noa, ka taea e te āhuatanga te whakaputa i ngā raruraru nui. Ko te mārama ki ēnei tūponotanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te mahi tahi me tō taote ki te aukati, ki te whakahaere rānei i a rātou.

Ko ngā raruraru tino noa:

• Atrial fibrillation – he rereke o te ngākau e whakanui ana i te tūponotanga o te pēhanga.
• Te kore o te ngākau – ina kaore e taea e tō ngākau te pupuhi toto kia rite ki ngā hiahia o tō tinana.
• Te mutu ohorere o te ngākau – ahakoa he mea onge, koinei te raruraru tino nui.
• Ngā toto – ina koa ki te whanake koe i te atrial fibrillation.
• Ngā raruraru o te waewae mitral – ka taea e te uaua e pakari ana te pānga ki te mahi o ngā waewae o tō ngākau.

Ko ngā raruraru kaore e tino kitea, engari he nui te kino, ko te infective endocarditis, kei reira ngā pūtau e pangia ana e ngā pūtau, me te aukati nui o te rere e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tākuta.

Ko te tūponotanga o te mutu ohorere o te ngākau, ahakoa he wehi ki te whakaaro, e pā ana ki te iti iho i te 1% o ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ia tau. Ka taea e tō taote te aromatawai i tō tūponotanga takitahi me te tūtohutia ngā mahi aukati ki te hiahiatia, penei i te karo i ētahi rongoā, i te whakaaro rānei ki tetahi implantable defibrillator.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ko te whakatau i te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy e tīmata ana mā tō taote e whakarongo ana ki tō ngākau me te uiui mō ō tohu me tō hītori whānau. E rapu ana rātou i ngā oro ngākau motuhake me ngā ngākau e whakaatu ana i te rereke o te toto.

Ko te whakamātautau whakatau matua ko te echocardiogram, e whakamahi ana i ngā ngaru oro ki te hanga i ngā pikitia taipitopito o tō ngākau. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakamātautau kore mamae i te mātoru o te uaua o tō ngākau, te pai o te pupuhi o tō ngākau, me te aukati rānei o te rere o te toto.

Pea ka tūtohutia e tō taote:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) ki te tirotiro i te mahi hiko o tō ngākau
• Te whakamātautau ahotea whakakori ki te kite i te whakautu o tō ngākau ki te mahi tinana
• Cardiac MRI mō ngā pikitia taipitopito atu o te hanganga o tō ngākau
• Holter monitor ki te tuhi i te rere o tō ngākau i te 24-48 haora
• Te whakamātautau ira ki te tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga motuhake me te tirotiro i ngā mema whānau

I etahi wā, ka taea e tō taote te mahi i te cardiac catheterization, kei reira te pūtau angiangi e whakauruhia ana ki tō ngākau ki te ine i ngā pēhanga me te tirotiro i te rere o te toto kia tino tika. E mārama ana tēnei ki ngā take uaua, ki te whakaarohia rānei te whakahaere tākuta.

Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau toto te āwhina i te whakakore i ētahi atu āhuatanga ka taea te whakaputa i ngā tohu rite, penei i ngā raruraru thyroid, i ētahi atu mate ngākau rānei.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy e aro ana ki te whakahaere i ngā tohu, te aukati i ngā raruraru, me te āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te ora mahi, te ora wātea rānei. Ko tō mahere maimoatanga motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō tohu, te kino o tō āhuatanga, me ō take tūponotanga takitahi.

Ko ngā rongoā te raina tuatahi o te maimoatanga, ā, ka taea te whakauru:

• Beta-blockers penei i te metoprolol ki te whakaiti i te tere o tō ngākau me te whakaiti i ngā tohu
• Ngā kaiwhakahaere o te hongere calcium penei i te verapamil ki te āwhina i tō ngākau ki te okioki i waenganui i ngā whiu
• Ngā rongoā anti-arrhythmic ki te whanake koe i ngā rereke o te ngākau
• Ngā kaiwhakaiti toto ki te pāngia koe e te toto
• Ngā diuretics ki te whakaiti i te pupuhi wai ki te whanake koe i ngā tohu o te kore o te ngākau

Mō ngā take aukati nui kaore e whakautu ki te rongoā, pea ka hiahiatia ngā whiringa whakahaere tākuta. Ko te septal myectomy e whakauru ana i te tango i tetahi wāhanga o te uaua e pakari ana ki te whakapai ake i te rere o te toto, ā, ko te alcohol septal ablation e whakamahi ana i te wai kohuke ki te whakaiti i te kiko raru.

I etahi wā ka nui te tūponotanga o te mutu ohorere o te ngākau, pea ka tūtohutia e tō taote te implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). E tirotiro ana tēnei taputapu i te rere o tō ngākau, ā, ka taea te tuku i te whakakī ora ki te puta mai ngā rereke kino.

Ko te whiringa maimoatanga hou ko te mavacamten, he rongoā i hangaia motuhake mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy e taea te whakaiti i te mātoru o te uaua o te ngākau me te whakapai ake i ngā tohu i etahi tāngata.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy i te kāinga?

Ko te ora pai me te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy e whakauru ana i te mahi i ngā whiringa noho e tautoko ana i tō hauora ngākau. Ka taea e ngā whakatau iti o ia rā te pānga nui ki tō āhua me tō mahi.

Ko te noho makuku he mea nui, i te mea ka taea e te ngenge te whakaiti i ngā tohu. Inu wai maha i te rā, ina koa i mua, i muri rānei i te mahi tinana, i te wā wera rānei.

Ko ngā aratohu whakakori he mea nui, engari he motuhake. Ahakoa me noho mahi koe, karohia ngā hākinakina whakataetae kaha me ngā mahi e puta mai ana te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma rānei. Ko te hikoi, te kauhoe, me te whakakori ātete mārama he whiringa haumaru noa.

Ko te whakahaere i te ahotea mā ngā tikanga whakamahinga, te moe pai, me ngā mahi whakangahau ka taea te āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā tohu. Ka taea e te ahotea roa te whakaiti i te pupuhi o te ngākau me ētahi atu tohu ka kite koe.

Tātai ki ngā tohu a tō tinana me te okioki ina hiahia koe. Ko te pehi i te ngenge nui, te poto o te manawa rānei kaore he āwhina, ā, pea ka whakaatu kei te hiahia koe ki te awhina hauora.

Karohia ētahi mea ka taea te whakaiti i tō āhuatanga, tae atu ki te waipiro nui, ngā whakaohooho, me ngā rongoā decongestant ka taea te whakanui i tō tere ngākau, i tō pēhanga toto rānei.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakatau e āwhina ana ki te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i te tino pai i tō wā me tō kaiwhakarato hauora. Tīmata mā te tuhi i ō tohu katoa, tae atu ki te wā e puta mai ana me ngā mea e whakaohooho ana i a rātou.

Maua he rārangi katoa o ō rongoā, tae atu ki ngā rongoā i hokona i te toa me ngā taapiri. Ka taea e ētahi rongoā te pānga ki ngā āhuatanga ngākau, ki ngā maimoatanga rānei, no reira e hiahia ana tō taote ki ēnei mōhiohio.

Kohikohia tō hītori hauora whānau, ina koa ngā whānau e pangia ana e ngā raruraru ngākau, te mate ngākau ohorere, te ngākau ngākau rānei. He mea nui tēnei mōhiohio ira mō te mārama ki tō āhuatanga me ō tūponotanga.

Whakaritea ngā pātai mō tō āhuatanga motuhake, penei i ngā taumata whakakori haumaru, ngā tohu whakatūpato hei titiro atu, me te auau o te tiaki whai muri. Tuhia ēnei kia kaua e wareware i te wā o te whakatau.

Ki te whakatau whai muri tēnei, tuhia ngā huringa i ō tohu, i tō whakautu rānei ki te maimoatanga. Kia pono ki te whai i te rongoā me ngā pānga ka kite koe.

He aha te mea nui mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ko te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy he āhuatanga ngākau ira e taea te whakahaere e pā ana ki ia tangata. Ahakoa ka raru pea te whakatau i te tīmatanga, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e pangia ana e tēnei āhuatanga e ora ana i te ora whānuitia, te ora mahi rānei me te tiaki hauora tika me ngā whakaritenga noho.

Ko te kī ki te ora pai me te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ko te whakawhanake i te hononga kaha me tō rōpū hauora. Ko te tirotiro noa e āwhina ana ki te kite wawe i ngā huringa me te whakarite i ngā maimoatanga kia rite ki te hiahia.

Mahara kaore tēnei āhuatanga e whakatau i ō whakatau – e kī ana noa kei te hiahia koe ki te whakaaro ki tō hauora ngākau. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e whakahaere pai ana i ngā mahi, ngā hononga, me ngā mahi tinana i te wā e ora ana me te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Noho whakamārama mō tō āhuatanga, whai i tō mahere maimoatanga, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te whakapā atu ki tō taote me ngā pātai, me ngā awangawanga rānei. Ko tō huarahi whakahaere ki te whakahaere i tō hauora e whakaputa ana i te rerekētanga nui ki ō hua roa.

Ngā pātai e uiui pinepinetia ana mō te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Ka taea te ora noa me te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ae, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy e ora ana i te ora whānuitia, te ora wātea rānei me te whakahaere hauora tika. Ahakoa pea ka hiahia koe ki te mahi i ētahi whakaritenga noho me te tango i ngā rongoā, kaore te āhuatanga e aukati i a koe i te mahi, te haere, i te ngākau nui rānei. Ko te tiaki whai muri noa e āwhina ana ki te whakarite kei te hauora koe, kei te mahi rānei.

He ira te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

He ira te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy i te 60% o ngā take, e kī ana ka taea te tuku mai i ngā mātua ki ngā tamariki. Ki te pangia koe e te āhuatanga, he 50% te tūponotanga o ō tamariki ki te whiwhi i te rerekētanga ira. Heoi, ko te whakamātautau ira me te tirotiro whānau ka taea te āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā whānau e pāngia ana i te wā, e āhei ai te tirotiro pai ake me te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā mahi me karo koe me te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Me karo koe i ngā hākinakina whakataetae kaha, ina koa ngā mea e hiahia ana ki ngā pakaru ohorere o te kaha penei i te oma tere, i te whakakori taumaha rānei. Me whakaiti ano ngā mahi e puta mai ana te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma rānei. Heoi, ko te whakakori noa penei i te hikoi, te kauhoe, me te whakakori ātete mārama he mea whai hua noa, ā, e tūtohutia ana i raro i te aratohu hauora.

Ka taea te kino ake o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy i te wā?

Ka taea te haere tonu o te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, engari he rerekē tēnei i waenganui i ngā tāngata. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e noho pumau ana mō ngā tau, ā, ko ētahi atu pea ka whanake i ngā tohu, i ngā raruraru rānei. Ko te tirotiro noa me tō kaitiaki ngākau e āwhina ana ki te aroturuki i ngā huringa me te whakarite i te maimoatanga kia rite ki te hiahia. Ko te whakauru wawe e aukati ana i te haere tonu, i te whakaiti rānei.

He aha te roa o te ora me te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te hypertrophic cardiomyopathy he roa te ora noa, he tata noa rānei, ina koa me ngā maimoatanga hou me te tirotiro. Ahakoa he tūponotanga ētahi o te āhuatanga, ko te reiti mate ia tau he iti iho i te 1% i te nuinga o ngā turoro. Ko tō whakatau motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā take penei i te kino o ngā tohu, te hītori whānau, me te whakautu ki te maimoatanga.