He aha te Pretomanid: Ngā Whakamahinga, te Inenga, ngā Pānga taha, me ētahi atu mea

He rongoā paturopi hou te Pretomanid i hangaia hei rongoā i ētahi momo mate kohi (TB) kāore e pai ana ki ngā rongoā paerewa. E mahi ana mā te whai i ngā huakita e pā ana ki te TB i tētahi ara ahurei, e whai hua ana mō te rongoā i ngā momo atete rongoā o tēnei mate pūkahukahu nui.

He whakatutukitanga nui tēnei rongoā i roto i te rongoā TB, ina koa mō ngā tāngata kāore i pai ake ā rātou mate ki ngā paturopi tuku iho. Mā te māramatanga ki te mahi a te pretomanid me te aha e tūmanakohia ana ka āwhina koe ki te whai i te māia ake mō tō haerenga rongoā.

He aha te Pretomanid?

No tētahi momo paturopi te Pretomanid e kīia ana ko nitroimidazoles, he rerekē te mahi mai i ngā rongoā TB tawhito. I hangaia motuhake hei whawhai i ngā huakita mate kohi kua atete ki te maha o ngā rongoā paerewa.

E whakararu ana te rongoā i te kaha o te huakita ki te hanga me te pupuri i ā rātou pakitara pūtau, e whakawātea ana i a rātou kia kore ai e ora. Ko tēnei huarahi whai i te whāinga e whai hua ana te pretomanid ki ngā mate TB uaua e uaua ana ki ētahi atu paturopi ki te whakakore.

Ka whiwhi koe i te pretomanid hei wāhanga o te rongoā whakakotahi, te tikanga e mahi ana i te taha o ētahi atu rongoā TB hei waihanga i tētahi huarahi rongoā kaha ake. Mā tēnei rautaki whakakotahi e āwhina ana ki te ārai i te huakita mai i te whakawhanake i te atete ki tētahi rongoā kotahi.

He aha te Pretomanid e whakamahia ana?

Ko te Pretomanid te mea nui e whakamahia ana hei rongoā i te mate kohi tino atete rongoā (XDR-TB) me ētahi keehi o te mate kohi atete rongoā maha (MDR-TB). He momo TB nui tēnei kāore e pai ana ki ngā paturopi tuatahi.

Ka tohua pea e tō tākuta te pretomanid mēnā he mate kohi koe i roto i ngā pūkahukahu – te momo e pā ana ki ō pūkahukahu – ā, kāore anō kia angitu ngā rongoā o mua. Kua whakaaetia motuhake mō te whakamahi i te tahi me te bedaquiline me te linezolid, e hanga ana i te mea e kiia nei ko te BPaL regimen.

Kei te rahuitia tēnei rongoā mō ngā tūāhua kua pau kē ētahi atu kōwhiringa rongoā, kāore rānei e tika ana. Ka āta arotakehia e tō rōpū hauora tō tūāhua motuhake hei whakatau mēnā ko te pretomanid te kōwhiringa tika mō tō rongoā TB.

Me pēhea te mahi a Pretomanid?

Ka mahi a Pretomanid mā te raru i te kaha o te huakita kohi ki te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga nui e hiahia ana rātou ki te ora. E kiia ana he paturopi kaha ngawari e whai ana i ngā huakita TB i tētahi huarahi ahurei i te whakataurite ki ngā rongoā tawhito.

Ka whakahohehia te rongoā i roto i te huakita TB mā tētahi tukanga enzyme motuhake. Kia whakahohehia, ka hanga e ia ngā pūhui paitini e whara ana i te DNA o te huakita me te whakararu i tā rātou whakaputa pūngao, ka mutu ka mate rātou.

Ko te mea e tino whai hua ai te pretomanid ko tōna kaha ki te mahi ki ngā huakita e tipu ana me ngā mea moe e huna ana i tō tinana. Ko tēnei mahi rua e āwhina ana ki te whakarite i tētahi rongoā tino oti o tō mate TB.

Me pēhea taku tango i te Pretomanid?

Me tango e koe te pretomanid i te mea i tohua e tō tākuta, te tikanga kotahi i te rā me te kai. Ko te tango me te kai e āwhina ana i tō tinana ki te ngongo i te rongoā i te pai ake, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te puku.

He pai ki te tango i te pretomanid i te wā kotahi i ia rā kia mau tonu ngā taumata i tō tinana. Ka taea e koe te tango me te wai, te miraka, te wai rānei – ahakoa te mea e pai ana ki a koe. E taunaki ana kia kai i tētahi paramanawa māmā, i te kai rānei i mua.

Kaua e tango i te pretomanid i runga i te puku kau, na te mea ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te whakapairuaki, ā, ka pā pea ki te pai o te ngāwari o tō tinana i te rongoā. Ki te raru koe i te puku, ngana ki te tango me te kai nui ake, kōrero rānei ki tō tākuta mō ngā whakatikatika wā.

Kia Pēhea te Roa e Tango Ana ahau i te Pretomanid?

Ko te akoranga maimoatanga noa me te pretomanid e 6 marama pea te roa, ahakoa ka whakatau tō tākuta i te roa tika i runga i tō āhuatanga me tō urupare ki te maimoatanga. He poto ake tēnei i ngā maimoatanga TB tuku iho, e hiahiatia ana e 18-24 marama.

Ka aroturukihia tō ahunga whakamua e tō rōpū hauora mā ngā arowhai auau, ngā whakamātautau toto, me ngā rangahau whakaahua hei whakarite kia whai hua te rongoā. Ka whakatikahia pea e rātou te roa o te maimoatanga ki te hiahiatia i runga i te urupare o tō tinana.

He mea nui kia whakaoti i te akoranga maimoatanga katoa, ahakoa ka pai ake koe i mua i te whakaoti i ngā rongoā katoa. Ko te whakamutu wawe ka taea e te huakita TB te hoki mai, ā, ka whai tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i te ātete ki ngā rongoā.

He aha ngā Pānga taha o te Pretomanid?

Pērā i ngā rongoā katoa, ka taea e te pretomanid te pānga taha, ahakoa kāore katoa e pā ana. Ko te māramatanga ki ngā mea hei mātakitaki ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i ngā take ka puta, me te mōhio ki te wā ki te whakapā atu ki tō tākuta.

Ko ngā pānga taha noa he mea whakahaere, ā, he pai ake i te nuinga o te wā i te urutau o tō tinana ki te rongoā. Anei ngā pānga ka tūpono koe:

• Te whakapairuaki me te ruaki, ina koa i ngā wiki tuatahi
• Te ngaro o te hiahia, te huringa rānei o te reka
• Te ngenge me te ngenge whānui
• Te ānini
• Te korere, te raru rānei o te puku
• Te whanoke, te māmā rānei o te upoko

Ka iti ake te kitea o ēnei tohumate i te urutau o tō tinana ki te maimoatanga. Ko te tango i te rongoā me te kai, me te noho pai te wai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ēnei pānga.

Ka pātai pea ētahi tāngata i ngā pānga taha nui ake e hiahia ana kia wawe te rongoā. Ahakoa he iti noa iho ēnei, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki a rātou:

• Te whakapairuaki nui, te ruaki rānei e kore ai koe e pupuri i te kai, i te wai rānei
• Ngā tohu o ngā raruraru ate, pēnei i te kōwhai o te kiri, o ngā kanohi rānei, te mimi pouri, te mamae puku nui rānei
• Te toto rere ke, te pānga rānei
• Ngā mamae mahunga nui me ngā huringa tirohanga
• Te uaua ki te hā, te mamae rānei o te uma
• Ngā pānga kiri nui, ngā rānei

Mēnā ka pātai koe i ētahi o ēnei tohu nui, whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora tonu, rapu rānei i te rongoā ohorere. Mā te wawaotanga wawe ka ārai i ngā raruraru, ka whakarite i tō haumaru.

Ko wai e kore e tango i te Pretomanid?

Kāore te Pretomanid i te pai mō te katoa, ā, ka āta arotake tō tākuta i tō hītori hauora i mua i te whakahau i te rongoā. Ko ētahi āhuatanga me ngā tūāhua ka kore e tika tēnei rongoā, ka hiahia rānei kia whakatūpato motuhake.

Kāore koe e tango i te pretomanid mēnā he mōhiotanga tō koe ki te mate pānga ki ngā rongoā nitroimidazole, ki ētahi o ngā kai rānei i roto i ngā papa pretomanid. Ka kōrero tō kaiwhakarato hauora mō ngā rongoā kē mēnā he mate pānga tō koe.

He maha ngā āhuatanga hauora e hiahia ana kia āta whakaarohia i mua i te tīmatanga o te rongoā pretomanid:

• Te mate ate nui, te hītori rānei o ngā raruraru ate
• Te mate tākihi nui e hiahia ana ki te dialysis
• Te hapū, te mahere rānei kia hapū
• Te whāngai ū
• Ngā tamariki kei raro i te 14 tau te pakeke
• Ngā raruraru manawa nui

Ka whakatau tō tākuta i ngā painga ki ngā tūponotanga mō tō āhuatanga motuhake. Ka tūtohu pea rātou i te aroturuki atu, i ngā rongoā kē rānei mēnā he āhuatanga ō koe.

Ngā Ingoa Waitohu Pretomanid

Kei te wātea te Pretomanid i raro i te ingoa waitohu Pretomanid FGK, he mea hanga e FGK Representative Service LLC. Koinei te waitohu matua e wātea ana i te nuinga o ngā mākete e whakaaetia ana te rongoā.

Ka taea hoki te kī i te rongoā i tōna ingoa whānui, pretomanid, i roto i ngā tuhinga rongoā me ngā whakahaunga. Ko te tikanga ka hoatu e tō whare rongoā te waitohu motuhake e wātea ana i tō rohe.

Me mātua whakamana tonu ki tō kaiwhakahaere rongoā kei te whiwhi koe i te rongoā tika, kaua hoki e huri i waenga i ngā momo rerekē me te kore e kōrero tuatahi ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

Ngā Kōwhiringa kē mō te Pretomanid

Mēnā kāore te pretomanid e pai ana mōu, he maha ngā huarahi rongoā kē mō te mate kohi e ātete ana ki te rongoā. Mā tō tākuta e whiriwhiri te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu i runga i tō momo TB me tō hītori hauora.

Ko ētahi atu rongoā TB hou ka whakaarohia pea ko te bedaquiline, delamanid, rānei ko te linezolid, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā huinga rerekē. E mahi ana ēnei rongoā mā ngā tikanga rerekē engari ka whai hua ki ngā momo TB e ātete ana.

Ko ngā rongoā TB tuarua-rārangi tuku iho pēnei i te fluoroquinolones, ngā paturopi werohia, ētahi atu rongoā waha rānei, ka waiho pea hei kōwhiringa, i runga i te tauira ātete o ō huakita TB. Ka whakahaere tō rōpū hauora i ngā whakamātautau tairongo hei whakatau i ngā rongoā ka whai hua mō tō mate motuhake.

He Pai Anei te Pretomanid i te Rifampin?

He rerekē ngā kaupapa o te Pretomanid me te rifampin i roto i te rongoā TB, nō reira kāore i te tika te kī he

Mēnā he tairongo tō TB ki te rifampin, ka kōwhiria e tō tākuta he rongoā e hāngai ana ki te rifampin, nā te mea kua whakatūria, he whai hua, ā, he maha ngā tau o ngā raraunga haumaru. He tino pai te mahi a te Rifampin mō te TB e tairongo ana ki te rongoā, ā, koinei te kōwhiringa pai i te nuinga o te wā mēnā he whai hua.

Ka noho pai ake te Pretomanid mēnā kāore te rifampin me ētahi atu rongoā paerewa e whai hua ana, mēnā rānei he TB ātete rongoā tō. E whai ana i te wā rongoā poto ake, ā, ka whai hua ki ngā momo e kore e aro ki ngā tikanga e hāngai ana ki te rifampin.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō Pretomanid

He Haumaru te Pretomanid mō te hunga e mate huka ana?

Ka taea te whakamahi i te Pretomanid i roto i te hunga e mate huka ana, engari me mātakitaki. Kāore te rongoā e pā tika ana ki ngā taumata huka toto, engari ka uaua ake te whakahaere i te mate huka i te mate TB.

Ka mahi tahi tō rōpū hauora me koe ki te mātakitaki i tō urupare ki te rongoā TB me te whakahaere huka toto. Me whakatika pea e rātou ō rongoā mate huka, te wā rānei e mātakitaki ana koe i te wā e rongoā ana koe i te pretomanid.

Me aha au mēnā ka inu au i te nui rawa o te Pretomanid?

Mēnā ka inu koe i te nui rawa o te pretomanid i te mea i whakaritea, whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora, ki te pokapū whakahaere paitini rānei i te wā tonu. Kaua e tatari kia kite mēnā ka puta ngā tohu - he mea nui te tohutohu hauora wawe.

I te wā e tatari ana koe mō te aratohu hauora, karo i te inu i ētahi atu rongoā, me te noho wai. Kia wātea tō pounamu rongoā kia taea e koe te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio tika mō te aha me te nui i inu ai koe.

Me aha au mēnā ka ngaro au i te horopeta o te Pretomanid?

Mēnā ka ngaro koe i te horopeta o te pretomanid, tangohia i te wā e mahara ana koe, i te mea kāore i te tata te wā mō tō horopeta e whai ake nei. Mēnā e tata ana ki te wā o tō horopeta e whai ake nei, waiho te horopeta i ngaro, ka haere tonu ki tō wā whakarite.

Kaua rawa e tango e rua nga horopeta i te wa kotahi hei utu mo te horopeta i ngaro, na te mea ka piki ake te tupono o nga paanga taha. Whakapā atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mēnā he maha ngā wā e wareware ana koe ki ngā horopeta – ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki kia noho i runga i te ara.

Āhea Āhei Ai Au te Kati te Tango Pretomanid?

Me mutu anake te tango pretomanid i te wā e kī ana tō tākuta he haumaru ki te mahi pera, i te nuinga o te wā i muri i te whakaoti i te akoranga 6-marama katoa. Ko te whakamutu wawe ka taea e te huakita TB te hoki mai me te whanake pea i te ātete.

Ka whakamahi tō rōpū hauora i ngā momo whakamātautau, tae atu ki ngā ahurea sputum me ngā rangahau whakaahua, hei whakatau i te wā e oti ai tō maimoatanga. Ahakoa kei te pai koe, me haere tonu te tango i te rongoā kia whakapumautia e tō tākuta te wā ki te mutu.

Ka Āhei Au te Inu waipiro i te wā e Tango ana i te Pretomanid?

He pai ake te karo i te waipiro i te wā e tango ana i te pretomanid, nā te mea ka pā te rongoā me te waipiro ki tō ate. Ko te whakakotahi i a rāua ka piki ake pea te tūpono o ngā paanga taha e pā ana ki te ate.

Mēnā ka whiriwhiri koe ki te inu i ētahi wā, kōrerohia tēnei ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora i te tuatahi. Ka taea e rātou te tohutohu i a koe mō ngā rohe haumaru, ā, ka tūtohu pea i te aroturuki i te mahi ate i te wā o tō maimoatanga.