He aha te Whakawhitinga Kānapanapa? Te Whāinga, te Hātepe & te Oranga

Ko te whakawhitinga kānapanapa he hātepe pokanga e whakakapia ai te kānapanapa kua pakaru, kua mate rānei ki te kiko kānapanapa hauora mai i tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi. Ko tō kānapanapa te paparanga mua mārama, āhua-pōro o tō kanohi e āwhina ana ki te arotahi i te mārama mō te tirohanga mārama. Ki te whara, ki te pōka, ki te pakaru rānei tēnei kiko ngawari, ka taea e te whakawhitinga te whakahoki mai i tō tirohanga me te whakamarie.

He aha te whakawhitinga kānapanapa?

Ko te whakawhitinga kānapanapa, e mōhiotia ana ko te keratoplasty, e uru ana ki te tango i te wāhanga, i te katoa rānei o tō kānapanapa kua pakaru, me te whakakapi ki te kiko hauora mai i tētahi tangata i whakahere i ō rātou kānapanapa i muri i te matenga. Whakaarohia he mea e hoatu ana ki tō kanohi he matapihi hou, mārama hei titiro māna.

He rerekē ngā momo whakawhitinga kānapanapa i runga i ngā paparanga o tō kānapanapa e hiahia ana kia whakakapia. Ka taea e tō tākuta pokanga te whakakapi i ngā paparanga o waho anake, ngā paparanga o roto, i te matotoru katoa rānei o te kānapanapa. Ko te momo e hiahia ana koe e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhi kei reira te whara me te nui o te whara.

Kua āwhina te hātepe ki te whakahoki mai i te tirohanga mō te rau mano tāngata puta noa i te ao. Kua waihangahia e ngā tikanga pokanga hou te whakawhitinga kānapanapa hei tētahi o ngā momo whakawhitinga kiko tino angitu, me ngā reiti angitu tiketike me te mōrearea iti o ngā raruraru.

He aha te take e mahia ai te whakawhitinga kānapanapa?

Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i te whakawhitinga kānapanapa ki te pakaru rawa, ki te mate rānei tō kānapanapa kia kore ai e tika te mahi, e pā ana ki ngā raruraru tirohanga, ki te mamae kanohi rānei e kore e taea e ētahi atu rongoā te whakatika. Ko te whāinga he whakahoki mai i te tirohanga mārama, te whakaiti i te mamae, me te whakapai ake i tō hauora kanohi whānui.

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka taea te arahi ki te whara kānapanapa e hiahia ana ki te whakawhitinga. Me haere tahi tātou i ngā take tino noa e hiahia ana te tāngata ki tēnei hātepe:

• Keratoconus: He āhuatanga ka angiangi haere tō kōrnea, ka pūhi ki te āhua kōnae, ka hē te tirohanga
• Fuchs' dystrophy: He āhuatanga ira ka mate haere ngā pūtau i roto i te paparanga o roto o tō kōrnea, ka pūhi, ka pōkaikaha
• Kōrnea scarring: I te nuinga o te wā nā te wharanga, te mate, te pokanga kanohi o mua rānei i waiho i ngā tohu tūturu ki te kōrnea
• Kōrnea ulcers: Ngā mate hōhonu ka waiho i ngā kiko tūturu e pā ana ki tō tirohanga
• Ngā pānga matū: Te wharanga mai i ngā kaihoroi whare, ngā matū ahumahi, ētahi atu matū rānei e whara tūturu ana i te kōrnea
• Ngā mate kōrnea tuku iho: Ngā āhuatanga ira e pōkaikaha ai te kōrnea, e hē rānei te āhua i te roanga o te wā

Ko ētahi āhuatanga onge pea e hiahia ana ki te whakawhiti kōrnea ko te mate kanohi maroke nui kāore e aro ki ētahi atu rongoā, ngā raruraru mai i ngā pokanga kanohi o mua, ētahi mate ārai-a-tinana rānei e whakaeke ana i te kōrnea. Ka āta arotake tō tākuta kanohi i tō āhuatanga motuhake ki te whakatau mēnā ko te whakawhiti te kōwhiringa pai mōu.

He aha te tikanga mō te whakawhiti kōrnea?

Ko te tikanga whakawhiti kōrnea te tikanga e pā ana ki te kotahi ki te rua hāora, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka mahia hei pokanga tūroro waho, ko te tikanga ka taea e koe te hoki ki te kāinga i te rā kotahi. Ka whakamahi tō tākuta i te rongoā ā-rohe hei whakapōkaikaha i tō kanohi, i te rongoā whānui rānei hei moe i a koe i te wā o te pokanga.

Anei te mea e pā ana i te wā o te pokanga, kua wehea ki ngā mahi whakahaere kia mōhio koe ki te aha e tūmanako ana:

1. Te whakarite: Ka horoi tō tākuta pokanga i te taha o tō kanohi, ka whakatakoto i tētahi pūrere iti hei pupuri i ō kamo kia tuwhera i te wā o te mahi
2. Te ine: Ka āta ine rātou i te rahi o te kiko kōrnea e hiahiatia ana, ka tohua te wāhi hei tango
3. Te tango i te kiko kua pakaru: Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pokanga tika, ka tango tō tākuta pokanga i te wāhanga kua pakaru o tō kōrnea
4. Te whakatakoto i te kiko takoha: Ka whakatakotoria te kōrnea takoha hauora, ka mau ki ngā tūāwhi iti
5. Ngā whakatikatika whakamutunga: Ka tirohia e tō tākuta pokanga te uru, ka whakatika i ngā mea e tika ana hei whakarite i te whakaora tika

He rerekē te momo o te mahi i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake. Ka whakakapi ngā whakawhitinga matotoru i ngā paparanga katoa o te kōrnea, i te wā e whakakapi ana ngā mahi wāhanga-matotoru i ngā paparanga kua pakaru anake. Ka whakamāramahia e tō tākuta pokanga te huarahi pai mō tō āhuatanga me te aha.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakawhitinga kōrnea?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakawhitinga kōrnea e whai ana i ētahi mahi nui hei āwhina i te putanga pai rawa atu. Ka hoatu e tō tākuta ki a koe ngā tohutohu motuhake, engari koinei te mea ka tūmanakohia e koe i ngā wiki e arahina ana ki tō pokanga.

Ka uru pea tō whakarite i ēnei mahi matua hei āwhina i ngā mea katoa kia pai:

• Te tirohanga kanohi katoa: He whakamātautau taipitopito hei whakatau i tō kamo me te tirotiro i tō hauora kanohi whānui
• Te arotake i ngā hītori rongoā: Te kōrero mō ō rongoā, ō mate pāwera, me ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora
• Ngā whakamātautau toto: He whakamātautau auau hei whakarite kia hauora koe mō te pokanga
• Ngā whakatikatika rongoā: Ka tono pea tō tākuta kia whakamutu koe i ētahi rongoā pēnei i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto i mua i te pokanga
• Whakarite waka: Me whai tangata hei kawe i a koe ki te kāinga i muri i te mahi
• Whakarite wā whakaora: Whakarite wā mai i te mahi me te āwhina i ngā mahi o ia rā mō ngā rā tuatahi

Ka kōrero anō tō tākuta pokanga mō ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana i te wā whakaora, me te whakautu i ngā pātai katoa kei a koe. Kaua e whakaroa ki te pātai mō ngā mea e pā ana ki a koe – mā te mōhio me te rite ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te āwangawanga mō te mahi.

Me pēhea te pānui i ngā hua o tō whakawhitinga kamo?

I muri i tō whakawhitinga kamo, ka aroturuki tō tākuta i tō ahunga whakamua mā ngā tūhono whai muri auau me ngā momo whakamātautau. Mā ēnei arowhai ka whakarite kia pai te whakaora o tō kamo hou, me te pai ake o tō tirohanga i te mea e tūmanakohia ana.

Ka aroturukihia tō whakaora mā ētahi inenga nui e whakaatu ana i te pai o te mahi o tō whakawhitinga. Ka inea e ngā whakamātautau koi tirohanga te mārama o tō kite i ngā tawhiti rerekē. Ka tirohia anō e tō tākuta te pēhanga i roto i tō kanohi, me te tātari i te kiko i whakawhitia mō ngā tohu whakakore, ētahi atu raruraru rānei.

Ka puta te whakaora i te wā roa i roto i ngā marama maha. Ka kite pea koe i ngā whakapainga tirohanga i roto i ētahi wiki, engari ka roa pea te ono marama ki te tau kia tū tika ai tō tirohanga. Ka pā te rereketanga o te tirohanga ki ētahi tāngata i te wā whakaora, he mea noa tēnei.

Ka rapu tō tākuta i ngā tohu e whakaae ana tō tinana ki te kiko kamo hou. Ko ngā tohu pai ko te kiko whakawhiti mārama, te pēhanga kanohi pūmau, me te whakapai haere i te tirohanga. Ko ngā huringa ohorere i te tirohanga, te nui haere o te mamae, te whero rānei me pūrongo tonu ki tō tākuta.

Me pēhea te tiaki i tō kanohi i muri i te whakawhitinga kamo?

Ko te tiaki tika i tō kanohi i muri i te whakawhitinga kamo he mea nui kia angitu te whakaora me te whakapai ake i te tirohanga mo te wā roa. Ka hoatu e tō tākuta ngā tohutohu taipitopito, engari ko te mea nui ko te whai i te hōtaka rongoā me te tiaki i tō kanohi i te wā e ora ana.

Ka uru tō tikanga tiaki i muri i te pokanga ki ētahi mea nui e mahi ngātahi ana ki te whakatairanga i te whakaora:

• Ngā pata kanohi: Ngā rongoā anti-whakakore me ngā paturopi me whakamahi koe kia rite ki te tohutohu
• Te tiaki kanohi: Te mau i te whakangungu kanohi i te wā e moe ana me ngā karaihe tiaki i te awatea
• Ngā here mahi: Te karo i te hiki taumaha, te piko ki raro, me ngā hākinakina whakapā mō ētahi wiki
• Ngā arotake auau: Ngā haerenga auau ki te aroturuki i te whakaora me te hopu i ngā raruraru i te wā wawe
• Te akuaku ngawari: Te pupuri i te wāhi kia mā, me te kore e uru te wai ki tō kanohi
• Te karo i te mirimiri kanohi: Te ārai i te hiahia ki te pā, ki te mirimiri rānei i tō kanohi e ora ana

He mea nui ngā pata kanohi anti-whakakore, nā te mea ka āwhina i te ārai i tō pūnaha ārai mate mai i te whakaeke i te kiko whakawhiti. Tera pea me whakamahi koe i ēnei pata mō ngā marama, mō ngā tau rānei i muri i te pokanga. Kaua rawa e mutu te whakamahi i a rātou me te kore whakaae mai i tō tākuta, ahakoa te ahua o tō kanohi he tino noa.

He aha te putanga pai mō te whakawhitinga kamo?

Ko te hua pai rawa atu mō te whakawhitinga kiko karu he whakapai ake i te tirohanga e taea ai e koe te hoki ki ō mahi o ia rā me te iti noa o ngā here. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka piki ake te tirohanga, ahakoa he rerekē te āhua i runga i tō āhua o te kanohi me te hauora o te kanohi.

He tino whakahihiri ngā reiti angitu mō ngā whakawhitinga kiko karu. Tata ki te 85-95% o ngā whakawhitinga kiko karu e noho mārama ana, e mahi ana i muri i te tau kotahi, ā, he maha ngā mea e roa ana te 10 tau, neke atu rānei. Ko te reiti angitu tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mea pēnei i tō tau, te take i whakawhitia ai, me te hauora o tō kanohi.

Ko te hua pai rawa atu mōu ko te kiko whakawhiti mārama e noho hauora ana mō te wā roa, te tirohanga e pai ana mō te taraiwa me te pānui, me te kore o te mamae, te raruraru rānei i pā ki a koe i mua i te pokanga. Ko ētahi tāngata ka whai tirohanga tata ki te 20/20, ā, ko ētahi ka kite i te whakapai ake nui engari me mau karaihe, me ngā arotahi rānei.

He rerekē te wā whakaora, engari ka taea e te nuinga o ngā tāngata te hoki ki te mahi i roto i ngā wiki ruarua, me te hoki ki te nuinga o ngā mahi noa i roto i te marama, e rua rānei. Ka roa pea te whakaora tirohanga katoa i te ono marama ki te tau i te wā e whakatika ana tō kanohi ki te kiko kiko karu hou, me te tango i ngā tūi.

He aha ngā āhuatanga tūpono mō ngā raruraru whakawhitinga kiko karu?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru i muri i te whakawhitinga kiko karu, ahakoa he iti noa ngā raruraru nui ki ngā tikanga pokanga hou. Mā te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga tūpono ka āwhina i a koe me tō tākuta ki te whakamahere i te huarahi pai rawa atu mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga ka pā ki tō angitu whakawhiti kei roto i tō mana, ā, ko ētahi e pā ana ki tō hītori rongoā, ki te āhua rānei o tō kanohi. Koinei ngā āhuatanga tūpono nui hei mōhio:

• Ngā pokanga kanohi o mua: He maha ngā pokanga o mua ka whakanui i te kiko kiko, ka uaua te whakaora.
• Kāore: Ka pēhi te pēhanga kanohi tiketike i te kiko i whakawhitia.
• Ngā kanohi maroke: Kāore i te nui te wai roimata ka whakaroa i te whakaora, ka whakanui i te tūponotanga o te mate.
• Ngā mate ārai-a-tinana: Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō pūnaha ārai-a-tinana ka whakanui i te tūponotanga o te whakakorenga.
• Tau: He rerekē pea ngā tauira whakaora o ngā tāngata tino tamariki, o ngā tāngata kaumātua rānei.
• Kāore i te pai te whai i ngā rongoā: Kāore i te whai i te hōtaka tō rongoā kanohi ka whakanui nui i te tūponotanga o te whakakorenga.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga onge pēnei i te mate a Stevens-Johnson, i ngā pānga matū rānei ka uaua ake, nā te mea e pā ana ki te mata katoa o te kanohi. Ka kōrero tō tākuta pokanga i ō āhuatanga tūpono takitahi, ka whakamārama me pēhea te whakamārama i ngā raruraru i tō keehi motuhake.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta i te whakawhitinga kiko kanohi?

Ahakoa te angitu o te whakawhitinga kiko kanohi, pērā i ētahi atu pokanga, ka puta ngā raruraru. Ka taea te rongoā te nuinga o ngā raruraru inā kitea wawe, koinei te take he mea nui te whai i ngā tohutohu tiaki i muri i te pokanga, me te haere ki ngā pōti whai-a-muri katoa.

Ko ngā raruraru tino noa ka puta mai i ngā take iti e tere ana te whakaoti, ki ngā raruraru nui e hiahia ana ki te rongoā atu. Anei ngā mea e tika ana kia mōhio koe mō ngā raruraru ka puta:

• Whakakorenga: Ka whakaekea e tō pūnaha ārai mate te kiko i whakawhitia, ka pā te pōkaikaha me ngā huringa o te tirohanga
• Mate: Ka taea e te huakita, ētahi atu huakita rānei te whara nui ki te kore e rongoatia wawe
• Kākano: Te pēhanga o te kanohi e piki ana, ka whara i tō uaua whatu
• Pōata: Te pōkaikaha o te arotahi tūturu o tō kanohi, ka puta pea i muri i te pokanga
• Astigmatism: Te āhua kōaro o te kamo, ka pā te tirohanga pōkaikaha, te tirohanga kōaro rānei
• Ngā raruraru tuitui: Ka wewete, ka whati rānei ngā tuitui, ka pā te riri

Ko ngā raruraru onge engari he nui te kino ko te nui o te toto i roto i te kanohi, te wehenga o te retina, te rahunga katoa o te whakawhitinga e hiahia ana i te pokanga anō. He iti noa te tūponotanga o ēnei raruraru nui ki ngā tākuta mātanga me te manaaki tika i muri i te pokanga.

Ka taea te rongoā pai i te nuinga o ngā raruraru ki te kitea wawe. Koinei te take e hiahia ana tō tākuta kia kite i a koe i muri i te pokanga, me te take me whakapā atu koe ki a rātou tonu ki te kite koe i ngā huringa ohorere o te tirohanga, te mamae nui, te rere ke rānei mai i tō kanohi.

Āhea au e kite ai i te tākuta mō ngā āwangawanga whakawhiti kamo?

Me whakapā atu koe ki tō tākuta kanohi tonu ki te pā koe i ētahi tohu whakatūpato i muri i tō whakawhitinga kamo, nā te mea ka taea e te rongoā wawe te ārai i ngā raruraru nui. Kaua e māharahara ki te waea pinepine – e hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora ki te rongo mai i a koe ki te mea he mea kōaro.

He tohu motuhake e hiahia ana i te āwhina hauora tonu nā te mea ka tohu pea i te whakakorenga, te mate, ētahi atu raruraru nui rānei. Whakapono ki ō pūngao – ki te mea he mea kōaro ki tō kanohi, he pai ake tonu te tirotiro ki tō tākuta:

• Te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga: He whakahekenga nui o te tirohanga i roto i nga haora, i nga ra ranei
• Te mamae nui o te kanohi: He mamae e kaha ake ana i te mea e tumanakohia ana, kaore ranei i te whakaitihia e nga rongoa kua tohua
• Te whero nui: Te whero e kino haere ana, kaua e pai ake
• Te tairongo ki te marama: Te kore e aro ki te marama i puta ohorere mai
• Te rere ke: He rere kowhai, he matomato ranei mai i to kanohi
• Te kapua: Ka kapua, ka puwhero ranei te waahi i whakawhitia

Me whakapā atu ano koe ki tō tākuta mēnā ka pā koe ki tō kanohi, mēnā ka puta te mamae nui, te tauhohenga mate pāwera rānei i ngā topata kanohi kua tohua, mēnā ka puta ngā tohu o te mate, pēnei i te kirika. He mea tika kia kōrerohia ngā āwangawanga iti, ina koa i ngā marama tuatahi i muri i te pokanga i te wā e ora tonu ana tō kanohi.

Ngā pātai auau mō te whakawhitinga kiko o te kamo

Q.1 He pai te whakawhitinga kiko o te kamo mō te keratoconus?

Āe, he pai te whakawhitinga kiko o te kamo mō te keratoconus matatau i te wā kāore anō ētahi atu rongoā pēnei i ngā arotahi whakapā motuhake, i te hononga whakawhiti kiko rānei i whai hua ki te whakapai ake i te tirohanga. He tino tiketike te angitu mō ngā tūroro keratoconus nā te mea he hauora ngā kanohi nei.

Mō te keratoconus, he maha ngā wā ka mahia e ngā tākuta he whakawhitinga wāhanga-matotoru e whakakapi ana i ngā paparanga o mua o te kamo. Ko te tikanga nei ka tere ake te ora, ā, he iti ake ngā reiti whakakore i ngā whakawhitinga matotoru-katoa. He maha ngā tūroro keratoconus ka whai hua nui ki te whakapai ake i te tirohanga i muri i te whakawhitinga.

Q.2 Ka pā te kino tūturu ki te whakakore i te whakawhitinga kiko o te kamo?

Kāore i te katoa te wā ka pā te kino tūturu ki te whakakore i te whakawhitinga kiko o te kamo mēnā ka mau, ka rongoatia wawe. I te wā tuatahi o te whakakore, ka taea te whakahoki mai ki te topata kanohi steroid kaha, me te aroturuki tata e tō tākuta kanohi.

Heoi anō, ki te haere tonu te whakakorenga me te kore rongoā, ka pā te pōkaikaha me te kiko kōpiko tūturu ki te kiko i whakawhitia. Koinei te take he mea nui kia whakamahi koe i ō rongoā aukati whakakorenga i runga i te tika i te mea i tohua, me te whakapā atu ki tō tākuta i te wā tonu ka kite koe i ngā tohu whakatūpato pēnei i te heke o te tirohanga, te whero, te tairongo ki te mārama rānei.

Q.3 Kia pēhea te roa o te noho o ngā whakawhitinga kamo?

Ka roa pea ngā whakawhitinga kamo mō ngā tau maha, me ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana e tata ana ki te 85-90% e noho mārama ana, e mahi ana i muri i ngā tau e rima, ā, 70-80% e haere tonu ana te mahi pai i muri i ngā tau tekau. Ko ētahi whakawhitinga ka roa 15-20 tau, ā, neke atu rānei me te manaaki tika.

Ko te roa o tō whakawhitinga ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i tō tau, te take i whakawhitia ai, te pai o tō whai i tō tikanga rongoā, me tō hauora kanohi whānui. Ko te tango i ō pata aukati whakakorenga i ngā wā katoa me te haere ki ngā arotake i ngā wā katoa ka tino pai ake ō tūponotanga ki te angitu i te wā roa.

Q.4 Ka taea e au te whakawhiti kamo tuarua mēnā ka rahua te tuatahi?

Āe, ka taea ngā whakawhitinga kamo tūārua mēnā ka rahua tō whakawhitinga tuatahi, ahakoa he iti ake te angitu i ngā whakawhitinga tuatahi. Ka arotake tō tākuta i te take i rahua ai me tō hauora kanohi whānui kia whakatau mēnā he kōwhiringa pai tētahi atu whakawhitinga.

Ka taea te angitu o ngā whakawhitinga tuarua, ina koa i rahua te tuatahi nā ngā take hangarau, kaua nā te whakakorenga tonu. Ka kōrero tō tākuta i ngā tūponotanga me ngā painga i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki ngā mea e tūmanakohia ana mai i tētahi tukanga tūārua.

Q.5 Me mau karaihe au i muri i te whakawhitinga kamo?

He maha ngā tāngata e hiahia ana ki ngā karaihe, ki ngā arotahi rānei i muri i te whakawhitinga kamo kia whakatutuki i te tirohanga pai rawa atu, ahakoa he rerekē pea tō rongoā i te mea i mau koe i mua i te pokanga. He rerekē pea te āhua o te kamo i whakawhitia i tō kamo taketake, e pā ana ki te āhua o te arotahi o te mārama i tō kanohi.

Ka tatari tō tākuta kanohi kia ora katoa tō kanohi, kia tū tika anō hoki tō tirohanga i mua i te whakahau i ngā karaihe hou, e hia marama te roa. Ko ētahi tāngata e kite ana me hiahia karaihe anake mō te pānui, mō te tirohanga tawhiti rānei, ēngari ko ētahi e whai hua ana ki te mau i ngā karaihe i te nuinga o te wā.