Chlamydia

Both infections frequently cause no symptoms — which is why routine screening is recommended for sexually active individuals under 25 and others at increased risk. When symptoms do occur, they include discharge, burning with urination, and pelvic or testicular discomfort. Rectal and throat infections are often completely asymptomatic.

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) — the most sensitive and specific method — can be performed on urine or genital swabs. Rectal and pharyngeal swabs test for infections at those sites. Testing is simple, accurate, and available through primary care — a pelvic exam is not required for urine-based testing.

Yes — partner treatment is essential to prevent reinfection and further transmission. Expedited partner therapy (EPT) — providing a prescription for the partner without requiring a clinical visit — is legal in most states and recommended when partner evaluation cannot be arranged promptly.

Untreated infections can ascend to cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women — a significant cause of chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. In men, epididymitis can result. Disseminated gonococcal infection, while uncommon, can cause joint and skin involvement.

Doxycycline (for chlamydia) commonly causes GI upset and photosensitivity — taking with food and using sun protection helps. Ceftriaxone injection (for gonorrhea) causes mild injection site discomfort. Azithromycin-based regimens may cause nausea. Both are highly effective and well tolerated at appropriate doses.